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A®ªsV @¬sõ ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V g]xmsö A¥¦¦¦LRi¬s¸R…Vª«sVª«sVV gRiÌÁ\®µ… A¸R…W ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁÍÜ[ ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁV xqsxqsùª«sVVÌÁ»][ \®ƒs®ªs[µR…ùª«sVVƒ«sV »R½¸R…WLRiV¿Á[|qsƒ«sV. A¸R…W ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁÍÜ[ ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁV xmsoxtsQöª«sVVÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLiÀÁ xmnsÌÁª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV NRPW²y \®ƒs®ªs[µR…ù„sV²T… bPª«so¬s @LjièLiÀÁ ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿Áƒ«sV (26). »R½ƒ«s B¿RÁèé¿Á[ ª«sWƒ«sªyNRPX¼½¬s µ³R…LjiLiÀÁƒ«s A xqs¼d½®µ…[„s ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁ¬sõÉÓÁ»][ úxms¼½µj…ƒ«sª«sVV µR…X²³R… µk…ORPQ»][ bPªyLRi胫s¸R…VLiµR…V ÌÁgRiõª«sV¹¸…Vùƒ«sV (27). A xqs¼d½®µ…[„s „sVNTPäÖÁ úaRPµôðR…»][ ƒ«sLiµy úª«s»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV C ¼d½LRiVƒ«s ª«sVVgjiLiÀÁ, B»R½LRi „sxtsQ¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁ\|ms úxmsxqsLjiLi¿RÁNRPVLi²R…gS ¬saRPèÌÁª«sVVgRiƒ«sVƒ«sõ ª«sVƒ«sxqsV=»][ bPª«so¬s ú}msª«sV xmspLRi*NRPª«sVVgS µ³yù¬sLi¿Áƒ«sV (28). J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! BLi»R½ÍÜ[ ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV, ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<RiVÌÁV @LiµR…LRiV „sxtñsvª«soƒ«sV, ƒ«sƒ«sVõ ª«sVVLiµj…²R…VN]¬s, xqs¼d½®µ…[„s ¹¸…VVNRPä »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sV ¼½ÌÁNTPLi¿RÁVÈÁNRPV ‡Á¸R…VÌÁV®µ…[LjiLji (29).

µR…XuíygRi»R½ù xqs¼d½ ®µ…[\®ªsLRiWøQQLSò zqsµôðj…LjiªyxmsLS e bPª«sµ³yùƒ«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVgSõ zqsµôðyª«sróyLi gRi»y »R½µy ee 30

¿RÁúNRPVxqs=lLi[* xqsVLSxqs=Q\¾»½Qù ª«sVVµy ryLiÇÁÌÁ¹¸…W ƒ«s¼½ª±sV e ª«sVVƒ«s¸R…VaRPè ƒ«s»R½xqsäLiµ³y „suñy*µyùM ú{ms»R½ª«sWƒ«sryM ee 31

@´R… xqslLi[* xqsVúxmsxqsƒyõ „suñy*µyùaRPè xqsVLRiL<Ri¸R…VM e úxmsaRPaRPLixqsVxqsòxmsxqsòryù xqs=»yùxqsòryø»R½=„sxqsø¸R…WM ee 32

»R½»R½M úxmsß᪫sVù »yLi ®µ…[„dsLi xmsoƒ«s}qsò ª«sVVƒ«s¸R…VxqsV=LSM e ÇÁgRiVøLæjiLjiª«sLRiLi xqsµR…ùM \ZNPÍØxqsLi bPª«sª«sÌýÁ˳ÏÁª±sVee 33

®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV @¿RÁÈÁNRPV ª«sÀÁè, ª«sVWLkiò˳ÏÁ„sLiÀÁƒ«s »R½xmszqs=µôðj… ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sVƒ«sõµj…, bPª«so¬s µ³yùƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V xmspLñRiª«sVVgS ¬sª«sVgRiõQQ\®ªsVƒ«sµj…, zqsµôðR…VÌÁ @ª«sxqósƒ«sV F~Liµj…¸R…VVƒ«sõµj… @gRiV xqs¼d½®µ…[„s¬s µR…Lji+LiÀÁLji (30). ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁLiµR…LRiV, ª«sVVƒ«sVÌÁV ª«sVLji¸R…VV „sxtñsvª«so ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ªyLRiV ú{ms¼½»][ gRiW²T…ƒ«s ª«sVƒ«sxqsV= gRiÌÁªy\lLi Aƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV»][ bPLRixqsVª«sLiÀÁ µ][zqsÖÁ ¹¸…VVgæji xqs¼d½®µ…[„sNTP ƒ«sª«sVxqsäLjiLiÀÁLji (31). @xmso²R…V „sxtñsvª«so ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV, ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV „sVNTPäÖÁ AaRPèLRiùª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…Lji. ªyLRiV xqs¼d½®µ…[„s ¹¸…VVNRPä »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sV ¿RÁWzqs „sVNTPäÖÁ úxmsxqsƒ«sVõQQ\ÛÍÁ A®ªsVƒ«sV N]¬s¸R…W²T…Lji (32). A ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV, ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV A xqs¼d½®µ…[„sNTP ª«sVLRiÌÁ úxmsßá„sVÖýÁ, ®ªsLiÈÁ®ƒs[ bPª«so¬sNTP úzms¸R…Vª«sVgRiV \ZNPÍØxqs xmsLRi*»R½ LSÇÁª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ®ªs×ýÁLji (33).

ry„sú¼d½ xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½aSèx¤¦¦¦Li xqsx¤¦¦¦ ÌÁOSQQøQù ª«sVVµy¬s*»R½M e ªyxqsV®µ…[ª¯[szms ˳ÏÁgRiªyƒ±s ÇÁgSª«sW´R… x¤¦¦¦LSLi¼½NRPª±sV ee 34

gRi»y* »R½ú»R½ úxms˳ÏÁVLi µR…Xuíy* xqsVúxmsß᪫sVù xqsVxqsLiú˳ÏÁª«sWM e »R½Vxtñsvª«so Lji*„s\®µ³… r¡òQ=Q\¾»½QûM NRPL_ ‡Áµôðy* „sƒ«súª«sVNSM ee 35

xqsLRixqs*¼d½ xqsƒy´R…V²R…ƒ«sgRiV ®ƒs[ƒ«sV, ÌÁOUPQQø®µ…[„s»][ NRPW²T…¸R…VVƒ«sõ ªyxqsV ®µ…[ª«s ˳ÏÁgRiªyƒ«sV²R…V NRPW²y Aƒ«sLiµj…Li¿RÁV¿RÁW bPª«so¬s xqs¬sõµ³j…NTP ®ªs×ýÁ¼½„sV (34). @¿RÁÈÁNRPV ®ªs×ýÁ bPª«súxms˳ÏÁVª«soƒ«sV ¿RÁWÀÁ »]úÈÁVFyÈÁV»][ úxmsßá„sVÖýÁ ¿Á[»R½VÌÁV ÇÜ[²T…LiÀÁ „s„sµ³R… r¡òú»R½ª«sVVÌÁ»][ xqs„sƒ«s¸R…Vª«sVVgS xqsVò¼½LiÀÁ¼½„sV (35).

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ƒ«s®ªsW ˳ÏÁgRiª«s¾»½[ »R½V˳ÏÁùLi ¸R…V»R½ G»R½¿RÁèLS¿RÁLRiª±sV e xmsoLRiVuy¸R…V ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aS¸R…V xmslLi[aS¸R…V ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½ø®ƒs[ ee 36

Aµj… ÕdÁÇظR…V xqslLi[*uyLi ÀÁúµR…WFy¸R…V xmsLS¸R…V ¿RÁ e ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øâßá[ ¬sLji*NSLS¸R…V úxmsNRPX¾»½[M xmsoLRiVxtsQxqsù ¿RÁ ee 37

¸R…V BµR…Li úxms¼½ xmsLi¿Á[ùµR…Li ¹¸…[V®ƒs[µR…Li „s¿RÁNSzqsò z¤¦¦¦ e ¸R…Vryøµj…µR…Li ¸R…V»R½ZaP[èµR…Li ¸R…V}qsùµR…Li »R½*Li ¿RÁ ¸R…V»R½õ»R½M ee 38

¹¸…Wsryø»R½öLRiryø¿RÁè xmsL][ ¬sLji*NSLki ª«sV¥¦¦¦úxms˳ÏÁVM eCORPQ¾»½[ ¸R…Vry=Q*»R½ø¬dsµR…Li »R½Li ƒ«s»yxqs=Qø xqs*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁVª«sª±sV ee 39

®µ…[ª«s»R½ÖÁÈýÁV xmsÖÁNTPLji c

˳ÏÁgRiª«sLi»R½V²R…V, xmsoLRiVxtsv²R…V, ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiV²R…V, xqslLi[*aRP*LRiV²R…V, xmsLRiª«sW»R½Vø²R…V @gRiV ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV. C ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiÇÁgRi»R½Vò ¬dsƒ«sVLi²T… DµR…÷é„sLiÀÁƒ«sµj… (36). xqsLRi*úFyßáVÌÁ Aµj… NSLRiß᪫sVV, ÀÁµçR…ƒ«sª«sVV, úxmsNRPX¼½ xmsoLRiVxtsQ „sNSLRi LRiz¤¦¦¦»R½ xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øª«sVVƒ«sgRiV ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV (37). Fsª«s²R…V C ÇÁgRiúµR…Wxmsª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sVƒyõ²][, Fsª«s¬s¿Á[ C ÇÁgRi»R½Vò úxmsNSbPLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒ«sõµ][, Fsª«s¬s ƒ«sVLi²T… DµR…÷é„sLiÀÁƒ«sµ][, Fsª«s¬sNTP xqsLi‡ÁLiµ³j…LiÀÁ Dƒ«sõµ][, Fsª«s¬s ¸R…VLiµR…V ÖdÁƒ«sª«sVgRiVƒ¯[ @ÉíÓÁ xmsLRiª«sW»R½øª«so ¬ds®ªs[. ¬dsNRPV ¸R…V»R½õxmspLRi*NRPª«sVVgS ƒ«sª«sVxqsäLjiLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV (38). Bx¤¦¦¦ xmsLRiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁNRPV @¼d½»R½V²R…V, ¬sLji*NSLRiV²R…V, ª«sV¥¦¦¦úxms˳ÏÁVª«so, xqs*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁVª«so @gRiV ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV. ¬dsª«so ¬ds A»R½ø¸R…VLiµR…V C ÇÁgRi»R½Vòƒ«sV µR…Lji+Li¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«so (39).

@„sµôðR…µR…XN`P xmsLRiry=QOUPQ xqsLS*»yøs®ƒs[NRPLRiWxmsµ³R…XN`P e A»R½ø ˳ÏÁW»R½M xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø »R½xmsLi»R½Li aRPLRißáLi gRi»yM ee 40

ƒ«s ¸R…Vxqsù ®µ…[ªy ‡ÁVVxtsQ¸R…Vzqs=µôðyaRPè ƒ«s „sµR…VM xmsµR…ª±sV e NRPM xmsoƒ«sLêRiLi»R½VLRixmsL][ ÇìØ»R½Vª«sVL>Ri¼½ ®ªs[µj…»R½Vª±sV ee 41

µj…µR…XORPQ ª¯[¸R…Vxqsù xmsµR…Li ª«sVVNRPòxqsLigS xqsV=ryµ³R…ª«sM e¿RÁLji»R½Li xqsVgRi¼½LRiõQxqsòQ*Li xqsÍÜ[NRPúª«s»R½ª«sVúª«sß᪱sV ee 42

»R½*ÇìÁƒyøµj…„sNSLS ƒ¯[ „sµR…ùLi¾»½[ ZNP[szms µR…VMÅÁµyM e »R½´yzms ª«sW¸R…V¸R…W »R½*Li z¤¦¦¦ gRiX¥ñ¦¦¦zqs NRPXxms¸R…W ¿RÁ »yƒ±s ee 43

»R½\|qs#øƒ«sª«sVM xmslLi[aS¸R…V »R½V˳ÏÁùª«sWaRPèLRiù NRPLRiøâßá[ e ƒ«s®ªsW gjiLSLi „sµR…WLS¸R…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øâßá[ xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø®ƒs[ ee 44

@®ªsWxmnsVª«sVgRiV µR…XztísQ gRiÌÁªy²R…V, xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø, ryOTPQ, xqsLS*»R½ø, @®ƒs[NRP LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV µ³R…LjiLi¿RÁVªy²R…V, @¬sõÉÓÁNTP A»R½øQ\¹¸…Vƒ«sªy²R…V, xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø, »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁVƒ«sõªy²R…V @gRiV ¬sƒ«sVõ aRPLRißáV ®ªs[®²…µR…ƒ«sV (40). ¬ds xmsµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV, ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV, ª«sVLji¸R…VV zqsµôðR…VÌÁV NRPW²y FsLRiVLigRiVƒ«sV. B»R½LRi úFyßáVÌÁÍÜ[ Fsª«s*LRiV ¬sƒ«sVõ FsLRiVLigRi gRiÌÁLRiV? (41). ¬ds xmsµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿RÁW²R…g][Ljiƒ«s ª«sWƒ«sª«soÌÁV xqsLigRiª«sVVƒ«sV „ds²T… ryµ³R…Vª«soÌÁgRiV¿RÁVƒyõLRiV. ¬ds ¿RÁLji»R½ª«sVV ª«sWNRPV ®ªsWORPQª«sVV¬s¿RÁV胫sV. ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¬dsƒ«sVLi²T…¹¸…[V xqsXztísQLiÀÁƒ«sƒ«sW, ¬dsª«so úª«sß᪫sVV (À³ÁúµR…ª«sVV) ÛÍÁ[¬s ªy²R…ª«so (42). ¬dsNRPV µR…VMÅÁª«sVV¬s¿Á[è ÇÁƒyøµj… „sNSLRiª«sVVÌÁV ÛÍÁ[„sV¸R…VW ÛÍÁ[ª«so NS¬s, ¬dsª«so ª«sW¸R…W¿Á[ µR…¸R…V»][ ªyÉÓÁ¬s {qs*NRPLjiLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«so (43). xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiV²R…V, AaRPèLRiùNRPLRiª«sVgRiV NRPLRiøÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy²R…V, ª«sWÈÁÌÁNRPV @LiµR…¬s ªy²R…V, xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø, xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø @gRiV ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV (44).

@LRiWFy¹¸…WLRiV LRiWFy¸R…V xmsLS¸R…Wƒ«sLi»R½aRPNRPò¹¸…[V e ú¼½ÍÜ[NRPxms»R½¹¸…[V xqsLRi*ryOTPQâßá[ xqsLRi*gS¸R…V ¿RÁ ee 45

ƒ«sƒ«sV A»R½ø úxmsµk…Fy¸R…V ¬sLS*ßá xqsVÅÁxqsLixms®µ…[ e Çì؃y»R½ø®ƒs[ ƒ«sª«sV}qsòsxqsVò ªyùxmsNS¹¸…[VaRP*LS¸R…V ¿RÁ ee 46

\®ƒsxtsQälLi[øQùßá xqsVÌÁ˳Øù¸R…V \ZNPª«sÌÁù xms»R½¹¸…[V ƒ«sª«sVM e xmsoLRiVuy¸R…V xmslLi[aS¸R…V ƒ«sª«sV}qsò xqsLRi*µy¸R…V ¿RÁ ee 47

ZOP[QQú»R½ ÇìØ ¸R…W»R½ø LRiWFy¸R…V xqsLRi*úxms»R½ù ¸R…V}¤¦¦¦»R½®ªs[ e xqsLS*µ³R…ùQOSQ¸R…V ª«sVx¤¦¦¦¾»½[ ª«sVWÌÁ úxmsNRPX»R½¹¸…[V ƒ«sª«sVM ee 48

LRiWxmsª«sVV ÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V, |msµôR… LRiWxmsª«sVV gRiÌÁªy²R…V, @ƒ«sLi»R½aRPNTPò gRiÌÁªy²R…V, ª«sVVÍýÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁNRPV úxms˳ÏÁVª«so. xqsLRi*ryOTPQ, xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…¸R…VVƒ«sõªy²R…V (45), A»R½øLRiWxmso²R…VgS ƒ«sVLi²T… xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sV úxmsNSbPLixms ÛÇÁ[¸R…VVªy²R…V, ®ªsWORPQxqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, Aƒ«sLiµR…xmnsVƒ«sV²R…V, Çì؃«sxmnsVƒ«sV²R…V, xqsLRi*ªyùxmsNRPV²R…V, xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV úxms˳ÏÁVª«so (46), xqsLRi*NRPLRiø xqsƒyõQQùxqs ¹¸…WgRiª«sVV¿Á[ ¾»½[ÖÁNRPgS ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVªy²R…V, ®ªsWORPQª«sVV¬s¿RÁVè úxms˳ÏÁVª«so, xmsoLRiVxtsQ xqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, xqslLi[*aRP*LRiV²R…V, xqsLRi*ª«sVV¬s¿RÁVèªy²R…V (47), ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…VLi®²…[ ryOTPQ, A»R½ø LRiWxmso²R…V, ª«sVƒ¯[ª«sX»R½VòÌÁ¬sõLiÉÓÁNUP NSLRißá\®ªsVƒ«sªy²R…V, xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV @µ³R…ùQORPV²R…V, xqsª«sVztísQ ‡ÁVµ³ôðj… xqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, ª«sVWÌÁ úxmsNRPX¼½ xqs*LRiWxmso²R…V @gRiV xmsLRiª«sW»R½øNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV (48).

ú¼½®ƒs[ ú»y¹¸…[Vxtsvª«sNSòQû¸R…V xqsµy˳Øry¸R…V ¾»½[ ƒ«sª«sVM e xqslLi[*Liúµj…¸R…VgRiVßá úµR…}tísQû ¬suyäLRißá ƒ«s®ªsWsxqsVò¾»½[ ee 49

ú¼½ÍÜ[NRPNSLRißظR…W´yxmsª«sLæS¸R…V ƒ«s®ªsW ƒ«sª«sVM e @xmsª«sLæRi úxmsµy¸R…WaRPV aRPLRißØ gRi»R½ »yLjiâßá[ ee 50

xqsLS*ª«sWõ¸R…W gRiª«sWƒyLi ¿][µR…µ³R…¹¸…[V xmsLRi®ªs[VztîsQ®ƒs[ e xmsLS¸R…VßظR…V ˳ÏÁNSòƒyLi gRiVß؃yLi ¿RÁ ƒ«s®ªsWsxqsVò¾»½[ ee 51

ƒ«s®ªsW gRiVßØLRißÓá¿RÁè郫sõ ÀÁµR…Wuyø¸R…V ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRi e ª«sVW²³R… µR…VuyöQûxms LRiWFy¸R…V Çìجs x¤¦¦¦Xµy*zqs®ƒs[ xqsµy ee 52

ª«sVW²R…V ®ƒs[ú»R½ª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁªy²R…V, bPLRixqsV= ®ªsƒ«sVNRP ËØß᪫sVVÌÁƒ«sV µ³R…LjiLiÀÁƒ«sªy²R…V, xqsµçR…ƒ«sV²R…V, ÀÁµçR…ƒ«sV²R…V, BLiúµj…¸R…V gRiVß᪫sVVÌÁ¬sõLiÉÓÁNTP ryOTPQ, NSLRiß᪫sVV ÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V (49), ª«sVVÍýÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁNRPV NSLRißá\®ªsVƒ«sªy²R…V, ®ªsWORPQxqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, bdPúxmnsVª«sVVgRi ®ªsWORPQª«sVV ¬s¿RÁVèªy²R…V, aRPLRißáV F~Liµj…ƒ«s ªyLji¬s LRiOTPQLi¿RÁVªy²R…V (50), xqsLRi*®ªs[µR… aSxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁNRPV |ms¬sõµ³j…, xmsLRi®ªs[VztîsQ xqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁNRPV F~LiµR…µR…gjiƒ«s xqsLRi*úZaP[xtîsQª«sVgRiV róyƒ«sª«sVV @LiVVƒ«sªy²R…V, xqsLRi*xqsµæR…Vßá ¬sµ³j… (51), xqs»R½òQ*LRiÇÁxqsò®ªsWgRiVß᪫sVVÌÁV @®ƒs[ @LRißÓá¿Á[ µyÀÁ¸R…VVLi¿RÁ‡Á²T…ƒ«s ÀÁµçR…ƒ«sV²R…V, ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiV²R…V, ª«sVW²³R…VÌÁ¿Á[ F~LiµR… aRPNRPùª«sVV NS¬s LRiWxmsª«sVV gRiÌÁªy²R…V, Çì؃«sVÌÁ x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…Vª«sVVÍÜ[ ¬s»R½ù ¬sªyzqs @gRiV bPª«soƒ«sNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV.(52).

xmsaRPVFyaRP „s®ªsWOSQ¸R…V ˳ÏÁNRPòxqsƒ«sVøQQNTPò µy¸R…V ¿RÁe xqs*úxmsNSaS¸R…V ¬s»yù¸R…Wª«sù¸R…W ¸R…WÇÁúxqsxqsLi„s®µ…[ ee 53

úxms»R½ùgôRiQû}tísQûs„sNSLS¸R…V xmsLRi\®ªsVaRP*LRiù µ³yLjiâßá[ e ¸R…VLi ˳ÏÁÇÁLi¼½ ¿RÁ»R½VLRi*LæRiLi NSª«sV¸R…VLi¼d½xtísQ xqsµæR…¼½ª±sV ee 54

r¡s˳ÏÁWµR…NRPLRiVßáxqsòQ*Li ƒ«sM úxmsxqsƒ¯[õ ˳ÏÁª«s ¾»½[ ƒ«sª«sVM e GNSLi¼½ƒ«sM NRPLi¿RÁƒyLóRiLi ˳ÏÁNSò ªyLi¿³RÁLi¼½ ¸R…Vxqsù ƒ«s ee 55

ZNP[ª«sÌÁLi ¿RÁLji»R½Li ¾»½[ ¾»½[ gS¸R…VLi¼½ xmsLRiª«sVLigRiÌÁª±sV e @ORPQLRiLi xmsLRiª«sVLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø »R½ª«sVª«sùQQNSòNRPX¼½Li „s˳ÏÁVª±sV ee 56

@µ³yù»R½ø ¹¸…WgRigRiª«sVùLi »y*Li xmsLjixmspLñRiLi xqsVò®ªsW ª«s¸R…Vª±sV e @¼d½Liúµj…¸R…Vª«sVƒyµ³yLRiLi xqsLS*µ³yLRiª«sV}¤¦¦¦»R½VNRPª±sV ee 57

@ƒ«sLi»R½ ª«sWµR…ùLi xqsWORPQQøLi »y*Li úxmsß᪫sW®ªsWsÐÁÛÍÁ[aRP*LRiª±sV e

ÒÁª«soÌÁ ‡ÁLiµ³R…ª«sVVƒ«sV F¡g]ÈíÁVªy²R…V, ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁNRPV xqsúµR…Wxmsª«sVgRiV ª«sVVNTPò¬s B¿RÁVèªy²R…V, xqs*úxmsNSaRPxqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, ¬s»R½Vù²R…V, ƒyaRPª«sVVÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V, Çì؃«sxmnsVƒ«sV²R… (53), úxms»R½ùgS»R½ø LRiWxmso²R…VgS ƒ«sVLi²T… xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿RÁW¿RÁVªy²R…V, NS¬s „sNSLRiª«sVVÌÁV ÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V, xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiùª«sVVƒ«sV µ³R…LjiLiÀÁ¸R…VVƒ«sõªy²R…V @gRiV xmsLRiª«sW»R½øNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV. ¬sƒ«sVõ }qs„sLi¿RÁVªyLjiNTP µ³R…LSøLôðRiNSª«sV®ªsWORPQª«sVVÌÁV ª«sVLji¸R…VV @Õ³ÁÌÁztsQ»R½ª«sVgRiV xqsµæR…¼½ ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (54). @ÉíÓÁ ¬dsª«so ª«sW ¸R…VLiµR…V µR…¸R…Vƒ«sV „ds²T…¼½„s. ª«sW\|ms úxmsxqsƒ«sVõ²R…ª«so NRPª«sVVø. ¬dsNRPV ª«sVƒ«sryäLRiª«sVV. ¬ds GNSLi»R½ ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁV G ª«sxqsVòª«so\®ƒsƒ«sƒ«sW N][LRiLRiV (55). ªyLRiV xmsLRiª«sV ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁNRPLRiª«sVgRiV ¬ds ¿RÁLjiú»R½ƒ«sV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V gSƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[|qsµR…LRiV. @ORPQLRi xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø, @ª«sùQQNRPò xqs*LRiWxmso²R…V, xqsLRi*ªyùzms (56), @µ³yù»R½ø¹¸…WgRiª«sVV¿Á[ F~LiµR…‡Á²R…Vªy²R…V, xmsLjixmspLñRiV²R…V, BLiúµj…¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁNRPV g][¿RÁLRiª«sVV NS¬sªy²R…V, Aµ³yLRiª«sVVÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V, xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV Aµ³yLRi\®ªsVƒ«s ªy²R…V, NSLRiß᪫sVV ÛÍÁ[¬s ªy²R…V @gRiV ¬sƒ«sVõ ®ªs[Vª«sVV xqsVò¼½Li¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV (57). @ƒ«sLi»R½V²R…V, AµR…Vù²R…V, BLiúµj…¸R…Wg][¿RÁLRiV²R…V, xqslLi[*aRP*LRiV²R…V @gRiV ¬dsNRPV úxmsß᪫sVÌýÁV ¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV.

x¤¦¦¦LSùµR…¹¸…WsÐÁÍØ ®µ…[ªyxqsò´y ÍÜ[NSaRPèLS¿RÁLSM ee 58

ƒyª«sVLRiWxms„sÛ˳Á[®µ…[ƒ«s xmnsÍæØ* ¿RÁ NRPÌÁ¸R…W NRPX»yM e ¸R…V´yLjièu¡slgi[õ xqs=„s»R½VLSùLi¼½ ¬sLSùLi¼½ ¿yxqsNRPX»`½ ee 59

gRi˳ÏÁxqsò¸R…Vxqsò´y¸R…VLi \®ªs úxmsªyx¤¦Ü[ g_ßá D¿RÁù¾»½[ e ƒ«s »R½*Li ®µ…[ª¯[sxqsVL][ ª«sVL][òQù ƒ«s ¼½LRiùÃÞ ƒ«s µj…*ÇÁM úxms˳Ü[ ee 60

ƒ«s {qsòQû ƒ«s xtsQLi²³][ ƒ«s xmsoª«sWƒ±s xqsµR…xqsƒ«sõ ¿RÁ NTPLi¿RÁƒ«s e ¬s}tsQµ³R…ZaP[xtsQxqs=LRi*Li »R½*Li „saRP*NRPXµj…*aRP*FyÌÁNRPM ee 61

„saRP*ÌÁ¸R…V NRPXµj…*aS*»yø úxmsßá»yxqs=Qøxmsò „dsVaRP*LRiª±sV e

„sxtñsvª«so ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV xqsª«sVxqsò ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁƒ«sV, ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV, ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRi ÇÁgRi»R½Vòƒ«sV ¬dsª«so ƒyª«sVLRiWxmsÛ˳Á[µR…ª«sVV NRPÌÁVgRiVƒ«sÈýÁVgS @ÌÁöúxms¸R…V»R½õª«sVV¿Á[ ¬sLjiøLiÀÁ¼½„s (58). @gjiõ ƒ«sVLi²T… „sxqsVöé ÖÁLigRiª«sVVÌÁV ª«sÛÍÁ, xqsWLRiVù¬s ƒ«sVLi²T… NTPLRiß᪫sVVÌÁV ª«sÛÍÁ C ú¼½gRiVßá úxmsªyx¤¦¦¦ LRiWxms\®ªsVƒ«s ÇÁgRi»R½Vò ¬ds ƒ«sVLi²T… DµR…÷é„sLiÀÁ ª«sVLRiÌÁ ¬dsÍÜ[ ÖdÁƒ«sª«sVgRiV¿RÁVƒ«sõµj… (59). }¤¦¦¦ úxms˳Ü[! ¬ds ª«so ®µ…[ª«s»R½ª«so NSµR…V, LSORPQxqsV²R…ª«so NSµR…V, ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V NSµR…V, xmsaRPVª«so NSµR…V , xmsOTPQ„s NSµR…V (60). ¬dsª«so {qsòQû NSµR…V, ƒ«sxmsoLixqsNRPV²R…ª«so NSµR…V, xmsoLRiVxtsv²R…ª«so NSµR…V, xqs»`½ NSµR…V, @xqs»`½ NSµR…V, úµR…ª«sùª«sVV NSµR…V xqsLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sV ¬s}tsQµ³j…Li¿RÁgS „sVgjiÛÍÁ[ @µR…*¸R…V»R½»R½òQ*®ªs[V ¬dsª«so. „saRP*ª«sVVƒ«sV ¬sLjiøLiÀÁ, FyÖÁLiÀÁ (61), ÌÁ¸R…Vª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VV „saRP* xqs*LRiWxmso²R…ª«so ¬ds®ªs[. xqslLi[*aRP*LRiV²R…ª«sgRiV ¬dsNRPV úxmsßá„sVÌýÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV.

¹¸…WgRiLRiLiµ³j…»R½NRPLSøßãÜ[ ¸R…VLi úxmsxmsaRPùLi¼½ ¹¸…Wgjiƒ«sM ee 62

¹¸…WgRi xqsLi˳؄s¾»½[ ÀÁ¾»½[ò ¹¸…Wlgi[aRPLi »y*Li ƒ«s»y ª«s¸R…Vª±sV e ƒ«s®ªsWsxqsVò ¾»½[sxqsx¤¦¦¦ù®ªs[gRi aRPNTPòú»R½¸R…V ú»R½LiVWª«sV¸R…V ee 63

ƒ«sª«sVM úxmsxqsƒ«sõ FyÍظR…V ƒ«sª«sV}qsò ˳ÏÁWLjiaRPNRPò¹¸…[V e NRPµj…Liúµj…¸R…WßØLi µR…VlLæi[aS ƒ«sªyxmsù xmsLRiª«sLRiòQø®ƒs[ ee 64

˳ÏÁN][ò µôðyLRi LRi»y¸R…W´R… ƒ«sª«sV}qsò gRiW²³R…ª«sLRiè}qs e ¸R…V¿RÁèéQQNSòQùx¤¦¦¦Li µ³k…¸R…W»yøƒ«sLi x¤¦¦¦»R½Li ®ªs[µR… ƒ«s ª«sVW²³R…µ³k…M ee 65

»R½Li µR…VLRi»R½ù¸R…V ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½øQùLi »y*Li ƒ«s »yM r¡ø ª«sV¥¦¦¦úxms˳ÏÁVª±sV e

¹¸…WgRiVÌÁV, ¹¸…WgRiª«sVV¿Á[ aRPVµôðR…\®ªsVƒ«s NRPLRiøÌÁV gRiÌÁªy\lLi, ¹¸…WgRiª«sVV¿Á[ ¬sLjiøÌÁ\®ªsVƒ«s ÀÁ»R½òª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V ¹¸…Wlgi[aRP*LRiV²R…ª«sgRiV ¬sƒ«sVõ µR…Lji+Li¿ÁµR…LRiV. @ÉíÓÁ ¬sƒ«sVõ ®ªs[Vª«sVV ƒ«sª«sVxqsäLjiLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV (62). ¬ds ®ªs[gRiª«sVV xqsz¤¦¦¦LixmsLS¬sµj…. B¿yèé aRPNTPò úNTP¸R…WaRPNTPò Çì؃«s aRPNRPVòÌÁV, ‡ÁVVgRiùÇÁÙry=ª«sV ®ªs[µR…ª«sVVÌÁV ¬ds xqs*LRiWxms®ªs[V (63). aRPLRißáV ÇÜÀÁ胫s ªyLji¬s LRiOTPQLi¿RÁVªy²R…V, @ƒ«sLi»R½ aRPNTPò ª«sVLi»R½V²R…V @gRiV ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV. Dª«sWxms¼d½!BLiúµj…¸R…V ¬súgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÛÍÁ[¬s ªyLjiNTP F~LiµR… aRPNRPùª«sVV NS¬s Çì؃«sª«sWLæRiª«sVV ¬dsµj… (64). ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sVµôðR…LjiLi¿RÁVÈÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V ú{ms¼½ gRiÌÁ ¬dsNRPV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV. ¬ds úxmsNSaRPª«sVV ¬sgRiW²³R…ª«sVVgRi ƒ«sVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. ¬ds ª«sW¸R…W aRPNTPò¿Á[ ®ƒs[ƒ«sV ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…, ª«sVWLåRiV²R…\®ƒs ¬ds ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sVƒ«sV, ƒy @xqsª«sVLóRi»R½ƒ«sV ¾»½ÌÁVxqsVN]ƒ«s ÛÍÁ[NRPF¡¼½¬s (65). ¬ds ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sV @FyLRiª«sVV. ª«sV¥¦¦¦úxms˳ÏÁVª«sgRiV ¬sƒ«sVõ ®ªs[Vª«sVV ƒ«sª«sVxqsäLjiLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõª«sVV.

B¼½ xqsVò»y* ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ…[ª«sLi xqslLi[* „suñy* µj…NSxqsV=LSM ee 66

»R½W{tñsQª«sWxqsƒ±s úxms˳Ü[LRiúlgi[ xqsµR…÷éQQNTPò ƒ«s»R½ NRPLiµ³R…LSM ee 67

B¼½ $ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSâßá[ µj…*¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi LRiVúµR… xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»y¸R…WLi xqs¼d½ÅÁLi®²…[ ƒ«sLiµyúª«s»R½ „sµ³yƒ«s bPª«sxqsVò¼½ ª«sLñRiƒ«sLi ƒyª«sV xmsLi¿RÁµR…a][sµ³yù¸R…VM (15).

„suñy*µj… ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁLiµR…LRiV ª«sV¥¦¦¦ ®µ…[ª«so¬s C „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS xqsVòLi¼½ÀÁ (66), A úxms˳ÏÁVª«so ¹¸…VµR…VÈÁ ª«sVLiÀÁ ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ryuñyLigRi úxmsßت«sVª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs, „sVƒ«sõNRPVLi²T…Lji (67).

$ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSß᪫sVVÍÜ[¬s lLiLi²R…ª«sµj…¸R…VgRiV LRiVúµR… xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»R½¸R…VLiµR…V lLiLi²R…ª«sµj…¸R…VgRiV xqs¼d½ÅÁLi²R…ª«sVVÍÜ[ ƒ«sLiµy úª«s»R½ „sµ³yƒ«sª«sVV, bPª«sxqsVò¼½ @®ƒs[ xmsµR…V\®ƒsµR…ª«s @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV ª«sVVgjizqsƒ«sµj… (15).

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