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J úËØx¤¦¦¦øßá úZaP[xtîsvÍØLS! FyLRi*¼d½xms¼½ ¹¸…VVNRPä A®µ…[aRPª«sVV¿Á[ úFyßáVÌÁ NRPLRiøÌÁNRPƒ«sVgRiVß᪫sVVgS ÛÍÁNRPäÛÍÁ[ƒ«s¬sõ ÒÁª«soÌÁV xmsoÉíÓÁƒyLRiV (25). ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRP NRPÌÁöª«sVVÍÜ[ µR…ORPVƒ«sNRPV @LRi\®ªs NRPƒ«sùÌÁV NRPÖÁgjiLRi¬s ¿Áxmsö‡Á®²…ƒ«sV. ªyLjiÍÜ[ xmsµj… ª«sVLiµj…¬s µ³R…LRiVøƒ«sNRPV, BLRi\®ªs G²R…V ª«sVLiµj…¬s ¿RÁLiúµR…Vƒ«sNRPV (26), NRPaRPùxmsoƒ«sNRPV xmsµR…ª«sVVgæRiVLji¬s BÀÁè µR…ORPV²R…V ¸R…V´y„sµ³j…gS „sªyx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[|qsƒ«sV. J ƒyLRiµy!µR…ORPV²R…V ƒ«sÌæÁVLRiV NRPƒ«sùÌÁƒ«sV g]xmsö LRiWxmsª«sVVgRiÌÁ »yL`i ORPVQùƒ«sNRPV BÀÁè „sªyx¤¦¦¦ª«sVV ¿Á[|qsƒ«sV (27). ˳ÏÁXgRiVª«so, @LigjiLRixqsV=, NRPXaSaRPV*ÌÁNRPV BµôR…LjiµôR…LRiV NRPƒ«sùÌÁ¬s¿Á胫sV. C µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁ µy*LS róyª«sLRi ÇÁLigRiª«sW»R½øNRPª«sVgRiV xqsXztísQ „sryòLRiª«sVVgS NRPÖÁlgiƒ«sV (28).

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»yryLi úxmsxqsW¼½Õ³ÁLS*QùxmsòLi \¾»½QûÍÜ[NRPùLi xqs¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiª±sV e róyª«sLRiLi ÇÁLigRiª«sVLi \¿Áª«s aRPWƒ«sùLi \®ƒsª«s »R½V NTPLi¿RÁƒ«s ee 30

®µ…[ªyaRPè ‡ÁVVxtsQ¸R…V\ZaPQQ誫s \®µ…»yùQ\ZaPª«s úxmsÇÁÑìÁlLi[ e ª«sXOSQaRPè xmsOTPQßá\ZaPQQ誫s xqslLi[* xmsLRi*»R½„dsLRiVµ³R…M ee 31

µR…ORPQNRPƒyù úxmsxqsW\¾»½aRPè ªyùxmsò®ªs[Vª«sLi ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiª±sV e Fy»yÌÁ »R½ÌÁ ª«sWLRi˳ÏÁù xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NSª«sµ³j… úµ³R…Vª«sª±sV ee 32

J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! µR…ORPV²R…V ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½Vø²R…gRiV NRPaRPùxmsoƒ«sNRPV G xmsµR… ª«sVVgæRiVLRiV NRPƒ«sùÌÁ¬sÀÁè ¸R…V´y„sµ³j…gS „sªyx¤¦¦¦ª«sVV ¿Á[|qsƒ¯[ , ªyLji xqsLi»yƒ«sª«sVV¿Á[ róyª«sLRi ÇÁLigRiª«sW»R½øNRPª«sVgRiV ª«sVVÍýÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV ¬sLi²T…, aRPWƒ«sùxqósÌÁª«sVV ÛÍÁ[NRPVLi®²…ƒ«sV (30). ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV, ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV, \®µ…»R½VùÌÁV, ª«sXORPQª«sVVÌÁV, xmsORPVÌÁV, xmsLRi*»R½ª«sVVÌÁV, ÌÁ»R½ÌÁV ®ªsVVµR…\ÛÍÁƒ«s„s xqsXztísQLixms‡Á®²…ƒ«sV (31). Fy»yÌÁª«sVV ƒ«sVLi²T… xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV gRiÌÁ ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRi ÇÁgRi»R½Vò @Li»R½¸R…VW µR…ORPQNRPƒ«sùÌÁ xqsLi»yƒ«sª«sVV¿Á[ ¬sbPè»R½ª«sVVgS ¬sLi®²…ƒ«sV (32).

ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…Li xqsNRPÌÁLi ªyùxmsòLi aRPWƒ«sùLi \®ƒsª«s NRPµy¿RÁƒ«s e Gª«sLi xqsXztísQM NRPX»y xqsª«sVùgRiûQ÷x¤¦¦¦øßØ aRPLi˳ÏÁVaSxqsƒy»`½ ee 33

xqs¼d½ ƒyª«sV ú¼½aRPWÍØúlgi[ xqsµy LRiVú®µ…[ßá LRiOTPQ»y e »R½F¡LóRiLi ¬sLjiø»y xmspLRi*Li aRPLi˳ÏÁVƒy xqsLRi* „sxtñsvƒy ee 34

\|qsª«s µR…OSQ»R½=ª«sVVµR…W÷é»y ÍÜ[NRPNSLSùLóRi®ªs[Vª«s ¿RÁ e ÖdÁÍØLi ¿RÁNSLRi ‡Áx¤¦¦¦§a][ ˳ÏÁN][òµôðR…LRißá }¤¦¦¦»R½®ªs[ ee 35

ªyª«sWLig][ ¸R…Vxqsù \®ªsNRPVLih][ µR…OTPQßØLig][sx¤¦¦¦®ªs[Vª«s ¿RÁ e LRiVúµ][ x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…VÇÜ[ ¸R…Vxqsù ú¼½„sµ³R…xqsVò bPª«sxqs=QøQX»R½M ee 36

ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R… ª«sVLi»R½¸R…VW ªyùzmsLixms‡Á²T… aRPWƒ«sùróyƒ«sª«sVV ÛÍÁ[NRPVLi®²…ƒ«sV. C ¼d½LRiVƒ«s, aRPLi˳ÏÁV¬s ¸R…WÇìÁ¿Á[ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ¿RÁNRPägS xqsXztísQ¬s ¿Á[|qsƒ«sV (33). xmspLRi*ª«sVV xqsLRi*ªyùxmsNRPV²R…gRiV aRPLi˳ÏÁV¬s¿Á[ »R½xmsxqsV= ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ N]LRiNRPV ¬sLjiøLixms‡Á²T…ƒ«s xqs¼d½®µ…[„s¬s LRiVúµR…V²R…V xqsLRi*NSÌÁª«sVVÌÁ¸R…VLiµR…V ú¼½aRPWÌÁxmso N]ƒ«s¸R…VLiµR…VLiÀÁ LRiOTPQLi¿Áƒ«sV (34). A®ªsV¹¸…[V ÍÜ[NRPNSLRiùª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV zqsµôj…LixmsÛÇÁ[¸R…VVÈÁ N]LRiNRPV µR…ORPV¬s NRPVª«sWlLiògS ÇÁ¬søLiÀÁ, ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sVµôðR…LjiLi¿RÁg][Lji @®ƒs[NRP ÖdÁÌÁÌÁƒ«sV úxmsµR…Lji+Li¿Áƒ«sV (35). bPª«so¬s ªyª«sV˳ØgRiª«sVV „sxtñsvª«so. NRPV²T… ˳ØgRiª«sVV ®ƒs[ƒ«sV. x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…Vª«sVV ƒ«sVLi²T… LRiVúµR…V²R…V ÇÁ¬søLi¿Áƒ«sV. C ¼d½LRiVƒ«s bPª«so²R…V ª«sVW²R…V LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ ƒ«sVƒyõ²R…¬s ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<RiVÌÁV ¿ÁzmsöLji (36).

@x¤¦¦¦Li „sxtñsvaRPè LRiVúµR…aRPè gRiVßØxqsòQû¸R…V Dµyx¤¦¦¦X»yM e xqs*¸R…VLi xqsµy ¬sLæRiVßáaRPè xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ª«sù¸R…VbP+ª«sM ee 37

„sxtñsvxqs=»R½òQ*Li LRiÇÜ[sx¤¦¦¦Li ¿RÁ »R½®ªsW LRiVúµR… Dµyx¤¦¦¦X»R½M e ÍÜ[NS¿yLRi»R½ B¾»½[ùª«sLi ƒyª«sV»][ ª«sxqsVò»][sƒ«sù´y ee 38

@Li»R½xqsò®ªsW ‡Áz¤¦¦¦xqs=»][òQ* „sxtñsw LRiVúµR…xqsò´y ª«sV»R½M e @Li»R½xqs=»R½òQ*xqsò®ªsW ËØx¤¦Ü[ù LRiÇÜ[sx¤¦¦¦Li xqsLRi*µ³y ª«sVV®ƒs[ ee 39

LSÇÁ{qs ¿RÁ xqsVLS ®µ…[„ds xqs»R½òQ*LRiWFy»R½Vò ry xqs¼d½ e ÌÁOUPQQøxqsò®ªsWª«sVLiVW ÛÇìÁ[¸R…W ú¼½LRiWFy ¿RÁ bPªy xmsLS ee 40

®ƒs[ƒ«sV, „sxtñsvª«so ª«sVLji¸R…VV LRiVúµR…V²R…V ú¼½gRiVßáxqs*LRiWxmsoÌÁª«sVV. bPª«sxmsLRi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø xqsµy ¬sLæRiVßáV²R…V, „sNSLRiª«sVVÌÁV ÛÍÁ[¬sªy²R…V (37). „sxtñsvª«so xqs»R½òQ* gRiVß᪫sVV. ®ƒs[ƒ«sV LRiÇÜ[gRiVß᪫sVV. LRiVúµR…V²R…V »R½®ªsWgRiVß᪫sVV. xqsXztísQ NSLRiùª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁÉíÓÁ C ƒyª«sVª«sVV ÛÍÁ[LRiö²T…ƒ«s„s. NS¬s ª«sxqsVò»R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V Û˳Á[µR…ª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (38). J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! „sxtñsvª«soƒ«sNRPV ÍÜ[xmsÌÁ »R½®ªsWgRiVß᪫sVV, ‡Á¸R…VÈÁ xqs»R½òQ*gRiVß᪫sVV DLi²R…Vƒ«sV. LRiVúµR…Vƒ«sNRPV ÍÜ[xmsÌÁ xqs»R½òQ*gRiVß᪫sVV, ‡Á¸R…VÈÁ »R½®ªsWgRiVß᪫sVV DLi²R…Vƒ«sV. ƒyNRPV ÍÜ[xmsÌÁ, ‡Á¸R…VÈÁ LRiÇÜ[gRiVß᪫sVV gRiÌÁµR…V (39). xqsLRixqs*¼½ LRiÇÜ[gRiVßá úxmsµ³yƒ«s. xqs¼d½®µ…[„s xqs»R½òQ* xqs*LRiWxmsoLSÌÁV. ÌÁOUPQQø®µ…[„s »R½®ªsWª«sVLiVV. bPªyxmsLS˳ÏÁÉíØLjiNRP¹¸…[V C ª«sVW²R…V LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁVgS ƒ«sVƒ«sõµR…¬s ¾»½ÖÁ¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (40).

Gª«sLi bPªy xqs¼d½ ˳ÏÁW»y* aRPLiNRPlLi[ßá „sªyz¤¦¦¦»y e zms»R½VLRiùÛÇìÁ[ »R½ƒ«sVLi »R½ùQQNSòQ* ƒyµy»yòLi xqs*xmsµR…Li ¸R…V¸R…° ee 41

xmsoƒ«saRPè FyLRi*¼d½ ÇØ»y ®µ…[ª«s úFyLóRiƒ«s¸R…W bPªy e »R½xmsM NRPX»y* xqsV„sxmsoÌÁLi xmsoƒ«sbP+ª«sª«sVVFygRi»y ee 42

»R½ryù ƒyª«sWƒ«sù®ƒs[ NS¬s ÇØ»y¬s ¿RÁ ª«sVV¬dsaRP*LRi e NSÖÁNS ¿RÁLi²T…NS ˳ÏÁúµy ¿yª«sVVLi²y „sÇÁ¸R…W ÇÁ¸R…W ee 43

ÇÁ¸R…VLi¼d½ ˳ÏÁúµR…NSÖdÁ ¿RÁ µR…VLæS ˳ÏÁgRiª«s¼d½¼½ ¿RÁ e NSª«sWÅÁù NSª«sVµy x¤¦¦¦ùLiËØ ª«sVX²y¬ds xqsLRi*ª«sVLigRiÍØ ee 44

ƒyª«sV®µ³…[¸R…Wƒ«sù®ƒs[NS¬s ˳ÏÁVNTPòª«sVVNTPò úxmsµy¬s¿RÁ e gRiVßá NRPLSøƒ«sV LRiWFyßÓá úFy¸R…VaRPxqsòú»R½ FyLRi*¼d½ ee 45

bPªy®µ…[„s xqs¼½\¹¸…V aRPLiNRPLRiV¬s „sªyx¤¦¦¦ª«sW²T…ƒ«sµj…. »R½Liú²T…¸R…VgRiV µR…ORPV¬s ¸R…VÇìÁª«sVVÍÜ[ A®ªsV aRPLkiLRiª«sVVƒ«sV „s²R…ÀÁ, ª«sVLRiÌÁ A aRPLkiLRiª«sVVƒ«sV {qs*NRPLjiLi¿RÁÛÍÁ[µR…V. A®ªsV »R½ƒ«s µ³yª«sVª«sVVƒ«sV F~Li®µ…ƒ«sV (41). ª«sVLRiÌÁ ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV úFyLôðjiLi¿RÁgS bPªy®µ…[„s FyLRi*¼½\¹¸…V ÇÁ¬søLi¿Áƒ«sV. A®ªsV |mnsWLRiª«sVgRiV »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sV ÛÇÁ[zqs ª«sVLRiÌÁ bPª«so¬s F~Li®µ…ƒ«sV (42). J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! A®ªsVNRPV @®ƒs[NRP ƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁª«so. NSÖÁNRP, ¿RÁLi²T…NS, ˳ÏÁúµR…, ¿yª«sVVLi²R…, „sÇÁ¸R…V, ÇÁ¸R…V (43), ÇÁ¸R…VLi¼½, ˳ÏÁúµR…NSÖÁ, µR…VLæRi, ˳ÏÁgRiª«s¼½, NSª«sWÆØù, NSª«sVµR…, @Li‡Á, ª«sVX²y¬s, xqsLRi*ª«sVLigRiÌÁ (44) B»yùµj…@®ƒs[NRP ƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV A®ªsVNRPV gRiVß᪫sVVÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁÉíÓÁ, NRPLRiøÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁÉíÓÁ GLRiö²T…ƒ«s„s. C ƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV ˳ÏÁNTPò¬s, ª«sVVNTPò¬s B¿RÁV胫sV. ªyÉÓÁÍÜ[ FyLRi*¼½ ¸R…Vƒ«sV }msLRiV úxmszqsµôðR…\®ªsVƒ«sµj… (45).

gRiVß᪫sV¸R…Vùxqsò´y ®µ…[ª¯[ù ®µ…[ªy gRiVßá ª«sV¸R…WxqsòQû¸R…VM e „sVÖÁ»y* „s„sµ³R…Li xqsX}tísQaRPèúNRPV}qsò NSLRiùª«sVV»R½òª«sVª±sV ee 46

Gª«sLi xqsXztísQúxmsNSLRi}qsò ª«sLñji»][ ª«sVV¬sxqs»R½òª«sV e bPªyÇìÁ¸R…W „sLRiÀÁ»][ ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…xqsù ª«sV¸R…WsÐÁÌÁM ee 47

xmsLRiLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø bPª«sM úF¡NRPòxqsòxqsù LRiWFyxqsòQû¸R…VxqsV=LSM e @x¤¦¦¦Li „sxtñsvaRPè LRiVúµR…aRPè gRiVßáÛ˳Á[µyƒ«sVLRiWxms»R½M ee 48

gRiVßáxqs*LRiWxmsoÌÁgRiV ú¼½ª«sVWLRiVòÌÁV gRiVßá xqs*LRiWxmsÌÁV @gRiV ®µ…[„ds ª«sVWLRiVòÌÁ»][ gRiW²T… D»R½òª«sVª«sVgRiV xqsXztísQ NSLRiùª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsLji (46). J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! ®ƒs[¬ds xqsXztísQ úxmsNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV ¬dsNRPV „sª«sLjiLiÀÁ ¿Ázmsö¼½¬s. ®ƒs[ƒ«sV ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…ª«sVVÌÁƒ«s¬sõÉÓÁ¬ds bPª«so¬s AÇìÁ¿Á[ LRiÀÁLiÀÁ¼½¬s (47). bPª«so²R…V xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø, ®ƒs[ƒ«sV, „sxtñsvª«so, LRiVúµR…V²R…V @®ƒs[ ú¼½ª«sVWLRiVòÌÁV gRiVßáÛ˳Á[µR…ª«sVV¿Á[ GLRiö²T…ƒ«s A bPª«so¬s LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[Vƒ«s¬s ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV ¿ÁxmsöV¿RÁVƒyõLRiV. (48).

bPª«s¸R…W LRiª«sV¾»½[ \|qs#*LRiLi bPª«sÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sVƒ¯[LRi®ªs[V e xqs*»R½Liú»R½M xmsLRiª«sW»yø z¤¦¦¦ ¬sLæRiVßá xqs=gRiVßãÜ[szms \®ªs ee 49

»R½xqsù xmspLñSª«s»yL][ z¤¦¦¦ LRiVúµR…ry=QOSQÀÁè骫sM xqsøQX»R½M e \ZNPÍØ}qs ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sLi LRiª«sVùLi xmsLi¿RÁª«sNRPòQûaRPè NSLRi x¤¦¦¦ ee 50

ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…xqsù »R½´y ƒyZaP[ »R½xqsù ƒya][szqsò \®ªs ƒ«s z¤¦¦¦ ee 51

B¼½ $ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSâßá[ µj…*¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi LRiVúµR… xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»y¸R…WLi úxms´R…ª«sVÅÁLi®²…[ xqsXxtísvùFyÆØù®ƒs[ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øƒyLRiµR… xqsLiªy®µ…[ xqsXztísQ ª«sLñRiƒ«sLi ƒyª«sV u¡²R…aRPM @µ³yù¸R…VM (16).

A¸R…Vƒ«s ª«sVƒ¯[x¤¦¦¦LRiª«sVgRiV bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ Dª«sV»][ gRiW²T… ¸R…V®´…[¿RÁèégS xqsLi¿RÁLjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. A¸R…Vƒ«s xqs*»R½Liú»R½V²R…gRiV xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø. ¬sLæRiVßáV²R…V, xqsgRiVßáV²R…V NRPW²y (49). LRiVúµR…V²R…V A¸R…Vƒ«s ¹¸…VVNRPä xmspLñSª«s»yLRiª«sVV gRiƒ«sVNRP ryOSQ»R½Vò bPª«so®²…[ ¸R…V¬s ¿Áxmsö‡Á²T…ƒy²R…V. @LiVVµR…V ®ªsWª«sVVÌÁ bPª«so²R…V \ZNPÍØxqsª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V xqsVLiµR…LRiª«sVgRiV ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV ¬sLjiøLiÀÁƒy²R…V (50). ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…ª«sVV ƒ«sbPLiÀÁƒ«sƒ«sW µy¬sNTP ƒyaRPª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (51).

$ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSß᪫sVVÍÜ[ lLiLi²R…ª«sµj… ¸R…VgRiV LRiVúµR… xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»R½¸R…VLiµR…V ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁ ÅÁLi²R…ª«sVVÍÜ[ xqsXxtísvùFyÆØùƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ƒyLRiµR… xqsLiªyµR…ª«sVVÍÜ[ xqsXztísQª«sLñRiƒ«sª«sV®ƒs[ xmsµR…VƒyLRiª«s @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV ª«sVVgjizqsƒ«sµj… (16).

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