‡ÁVVxtsQ¸R…V E¿RÁVM e

úxmsß᪫sxqsù ¿RÁ ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½øQùLi xtsQ²`… ÖÁLigRixqsù ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVV®ƒs[ e bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù xmspÇØLi ¿RÁ úNRPª«sV a][ ú‡ÁWz¤¦¦¦ ƒ«sM úxms˳Ü[ ee 1

‡ÁVVxtsvÖÁÈýÁV xmsÖÁNTPLji c

J ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ki! J úxms˳ÏÁW! JLiNSLRiª«sVV ¹¸…VVNRPä ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sVƒ«sV, ALRiV ÖÁLigRiª«sVVÌÁ ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sVƒ«sV, ª«sVLji¸R…VV bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁV „sµ³R…ª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sWNRPV úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ¿ÁxmsöVª«sVV (1).

xqsW»R½ Dªy¿RÁ e

»R½F¡µ³R…\®ƒsLRi÷骫s µj…÷éaRPè xqsª«sVùN`P úxmsaRPõQxqsòQ*¸R…VLi NRPX»R½M e @r¡ù»R½òLRiLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ…[ª¯[ Ç؃y¼½ xqsø ƒ«s ¿yxmsLRiM ee 2

@´yzms ª«sZOP[QQù »R½ª«sVx¤¦¦¦Li bPª«sxqsù NRPXxms\¹¸…Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ e bPª¯[sryøNRPLi ¿RÁ ¸R…VVuyøNRPLi LRiOSQLi gRiX¥ñ¦¦¦»R½V ˳ÏÁWLjiaRPM ee 3

úF¡ z¤¦¦¦ úxmsNRPX¼½ ÇØ»R½xqsù xqsLiryLRixqsù ª«sVx¤¦Ü[µR…®µ³…[M e ƒ«sª«sLi ƒyªyLi»R½LRi„sV¼½ úxmsß᪫sLi \®ªs „sµR…VLS÷µ³yM ee 4

úxmsM úxmsxmsLi¿][ ƒ«s ƒyzqsò ª¯[ ¸R…VVuyøNRPLi úxmsß᪫sLi „sµR…VM e úxmsNRPlL<i[ßá ƒ«s¹¸…[VµR…ùryø ƒ¯[øQORPQLi ª«sM úxmsß᪫sLi „sµR…VM ee 5

xqsW»R½V²T…ÈýÁV xmsÖÁZNPƒ«sV c

»R½F¡µ³R…ƒ«sVÌÁgRiV „dsVLRiV ¿RÁNRPä¬s úxmsaRPõƒ«sV @²T…gji¼½Lji. µk…¬sNTP Dú»R½LRiª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sV¥¦¦¦®µ…[ª«so²R…V »R½NRPä ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRP²R…V ¿ÁxmsöÇØÌÁ²R…V (2). @LiVVƒ«sƒ«sW, ®ƒs[ƒ«sV bPª«so¬s NRPXxms»][ D»R½òLRiª«sVV ¬s¿ÁèµR…ƒ«sV. bPª«so²R…V ª«sVª«sVVøÌÁƒ«sV, „sVª«sVVøÌÁƒ«sV @µ³j…NRPª«sVVgS LRiOTPQLi¿RÁV ˳ØLRiª«sVVƒ«sV {qs*NRPLjiLi¿RÁVgSNRP! (3) úxmsNRPX¼½ ƒ«sVLi²T… xmsoÉíÓÁƒ«s xqsLiryLRi ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqsª«sVVúµR…ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV 'úxmsM' @¬s }msLRiV. µk…¬s¬s µyÉÓÁLi¿Á[ ƒyª«s gRiƒ«sVNRP JLiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV úxmsß᪫sª«sVV (úxms + ƒ«sª«s) @¬s }msLRiV NRPÖÁgjiƒ«sµR…¬s xmsLi²T…»R½VÌÁV ¿Á|msöµR…LRiV (4). úxmsM = úxmsxmsLi¿RÁª«sVV; ƒ«s = ÛÍÁ[µR…V; ª«sM = „dsVNRPV, @ƒ«sV @LóRiª«sVVƒ«sV ‡ÁÉíÓÁ NRPW²R… JLiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV úxmsß᪫sª«sVƒ«sV }msLRiV NRPÖÁgjiƒ«sµj…. úxms = ¬saRPè¸R…Vª«sVVgS; ƒ«s = (®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ) ƒ«s²T…zmsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV; ª«sM = „sVª«sVVøÌÁƒ«sV, @ƒ«sV @LóRiª«sVVÍÜ[ NRPW²R… JLiNSLRiª«sVV úxmsß᪫sª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV (5).

xqs*ÇØxmsNSƒyLi ¹¸…WgjiƒyLi xqs*ª«sVLiú»R½ xmspÇÁNRPxqsù ¿RÁ e xqsLRi* NRPLRiøQORPQ¸R…VLi NRPX»y* µj…ª«sùÇì؃«sLi »R½V ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sª±sV ee 6

»R½®ªs[Vª«s ª«sW¸R…WLRiz¤¦¦¦»R½Li ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sLi xmsLji¿RÁORPQ¾»½[ e úxmsNRPlL<i[ßá ª«sV¥¦¦¦»yøƒ«sLi ƒ«sª«sLi aRPVµôðR… xqs*LRiWxmsNRPª±sV ee 7

ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sLi \®ªs NRPL][¼d½¼½ úxmsß᪫sLi »R½Li „sµR…VLRi÷µ³yM e úxmsß᪫sLi µj…*„sµ³R…Li úF¡NRPòLi xqsWORPQQøxqósWÌÁ „sÛ˳Á[µR…»R½M ee 8

xqsWORPQQø®ªs[VNSORPQLRiLi „sµyù»`½ xqósWÌÁLi xmsLi¿yORPQLRiLi „sµR…VM e xqsWORPQQøª«sVª«sùQQNRPò xmsLi¿yLñRiLi xqsVª«sùQQNSòLñRiLi »R½®´…[»R½LRi»`½ ee 9

ÒÁª«sƒ«sVøQQNRPòxqsù xqsWORPQQøLi z¤¦¦¦ xqsLRi*ryLRiLi z¤¦¦¦ »R½xqsù z¤¦¦¦ e ª«sVLiú¾»½[ßØLóSƒ«sV xqsLiµ³yƒ«sLi xqs*®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ „sÌÁ¸R…W ª«sµ³j… ee 10

JLiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁ, bPª«so¬s JLiNSLRiª«sVV»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁV ªyLjiNTP xqsLRi* NRPLRiøÌÁV ƒ«sbPLiÀÁ, ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sª«sVgRiV µj…ª«sùÇì؃«sª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (6). ª«sW¸R…VNRPV @¼d½»R½V²R…V, aRPVµôðR… \¿Á»R½ƒ«sù LRiWxmso²R…V ƒ«sgRiV xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø 'ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sV²R…V' @ƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV (7). ryµ³R…NRPV¬s ƒ«sW»R½ƒ«sV¬sgS ¿Á[¸R…VVƒ«sµj… gSƒ«s, JLiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV úxmsß᪫sª«sV¬s }msLRiV ª«sÀÁ胫sµR…¬s xmsLi²T…»R½VÌÁV ¿ÁxmsöVµR…VLRiV. úxmsß᪫sª«sVV xqsWORPQQøª«sVV, xqósWÌÁª«sVV @¬s µj…*„sµ³R…ª«sVVgS ƒ«sVƒ«sõµj… (8). JLi @ƒ«sV GNSORPQLRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV xqsWORPQQø úxmsß᪫sª«sV¬s¸R…VV, xmsLi¿yORPQLjiNTP xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫sª«sV¬s¸R…VV }msLRiV. xqsWORPQQø úxmsß᪫sª«sVVÍÜ[ @ª«sùQQNRPòª«sVVgRi ƒ«sVƒ«sõ xmsLi¿RÁª«sLñRiª«sVVÌÁV xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫sª«sVVÍÜ[ ËØgRiVgS ª«sùQQNRPòª«sVgRiVƒ«sV (9). ÒÁª«sƒ«sVøNRPVò²R…gRiV Çìجs xqsLRi*ª«sVLiú»R½ ryLRiª«sVgRiV xqsWORPQQø úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV, úxmsß᪫s úxms¼½FyµR…ùª«sVgRiV xmsLRiª«sW»R½øƒ«sV µ³yù¬sxqsWò, ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVV xms»R½ƒ«sª«sVgRiV ª«sLRiNRPV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (10).

xqs*®µ…[}¤¦¦¦ gRiÖÁ¾»½[ xmspLñRiLi bPª«sLi úFyF¡õ¼½ ¬saRPè¸R…VM e ZNP[ª«sÌÁLi ª«sVLiú»R½ ÇØ{ms»R½V ¹¸…WgRiLi úFyF¡õ¼½ ¬saRPè¸R…VM ee 11

xtsQÉÞ ú¼½LiaRP»][äÉÓÁ ÇØ{ms »R½V ¬saRPè¸R…VLi ¹¸…WgRiª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xqsWORPQQøLi ¿RÁ µj…*„sµ³R…Li ÛÇìÁ[¸R…VLi úx¤¦¦¦xqs* µk…LçRi „sÛ˳Á[µR…»R½M ee 12

@NSLRiaRPè DNSLRiaRPè ª«sVNSLRiaRPè »R½»R½M xmsLRiª±sV e ÕÁLiµR…VƒyµR…¸R…VV»R½Li »R½µôðj… aRP‡ôÁNSÌÁ NRPÍجs*»R½ª±sV ee 13

µk…LçRi úxmsß᪫s®ªs[Vª«sLi z¤¦¦¦ ¹¸…Wgjiƒy®ªs[Vª«s x¤¦¦¦XµæR…»R½ª±sV e ª«sVNSLSLi»R½Li ú¼½»R½»R½òQ*Li z¤¦¦¦ úx¤¦¦¦xqs* úxmsß᪫s D¿RÁù¾»½[ ee 14

bPª«saRP+QQNTPò xqsò¹¸…W\lLiNRPùLi ª«sVNSLSLi»R½Li ú¼½NS»R½øNRPª±sV e úx¤¦¦¦xqs*®ªs[Vª«sLi z¤¦¦¦ ÇØxmsùLi ryù»`½ xqsLRi*FyORPQQ\¹¸…VztsQßت±sV ee 15

@ÉíÓÁ Çìجs ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦Fy»yƒ«sLi»R½LRiª«sVV xmspLñRi xqs*LRiWxmso²R…gRiV bPª«so¬s F~LiµR…VÈÁ ¬saRPè¸R…Vª«sVV. @LóSƒ«sV xqsLiµ³yƒ«sª«sVV ÛÍÁ[NRPVLi²R…gS ZNP[ª«sÌÁ ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁV ª«sùQQNTPò ¹¸…WgRiª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…VÈÁ ¬saRPè¸R…Vª«sVV (11). ª«sVVxmsöµj… ALRiV N][ÈýÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò ¬saRPè¸R…Vª«sVVgS ¹¸…WgRiª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. xqsWORPQQø úxmsß᪫sª«sVV ª«sVLRiÌÁ úx¤¦¦¦xqs*ª«sVV, µk…LçRiª«sVV @¬s lLiLi²R…V „sµ³R…ª«sVVÌÁVgRi ƒ«sVƒ«sõµj… (12). @NSLRiª«sVV, DNSLRiª«sVV, ª«sVNSLRiª«sVV, ÕÁLiµR…Vª«so, ƒyµR…ª«sVV, aRP‡ôÁª«sVV, NSÌÁª«sVV, NRPÎÏÁ @ƒ«sV ªyÉÓÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s úxmsß᪫sª«sVV (13) µk…LçRi úxmsß᪫sª«sVV. Bµj… ¹¸…WgRiVÌÁ x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…Vª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V DLi²R…Vƒ«sV. @NSLRi, DNSLRi, ª«sVNSLRiª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ª«sVW²R…V ª«sLñRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V NRPW²T…ƒ«s úxmsß᪫sª«sVV úx¤¦¦¦xqs* úxmsß᪫sª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV (14). @NSLRiª«sVV bPª«so²R…V. DNSLRiª«sVV aRPNTPò. ª«sVNSLRiª«sVV bPª«saRPNRPVòÌÁ HNRPùª«sVV. xqsLRi* FyxmsƒyaRPª«sVVƒ«sV g][LRiV ryµ³R…NRPVÌÁV C µR…XztísQ»][ úx¤¦¦¦xqs* úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (15).

˳ÏÁWªy¸R…VV NRPƒ«sNSLñ][µ][ùM aRPËôصyùaRPè »R½´y µR…aRP e AaSƒ«s*¹¸…[V µR…aRP xmsoƒ«sM úxmsª«sX»yò B¼½ NRP´R…ù¾»½[ ee 16

úx¤¦¦¦xqs*®ªs[Vª«s úxmsª«sX»yòƒyLi ¬sª«sX»yòƒyLi »R½V µk…LçRiNRPª±sV e ªyùx¤¦¦¦X»yù µ_ ¿RÁ ª«sVLiú»yµ_ NSª«sVLi aRP‡ôÁNRPÍظR…VV»R½ª±sV ee 17

®ªs[µyµ_ ¿RÁ úxms¹¸…WÇÁùLi ryùµR…*LiµR…®ƒs[ xqsLiµ³R…ù¹¸…WLRizms e ƒ«sª«sN][ÉÓÁ ÇÁFyƒ±s ÇÁFyòQ* xqsLiaRPVµôðR…M xmsoLRiVu¡ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ ee 18

xmsoƒ«saRPè ƒ«sª«s N][ÉØù »R½V xmsX´j…„ds ÇÁ¸R…Vª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè ƒ«sª«sN][ÉØù »R½V x¤¦¦¦ùFyLi ÇÁ¸R…Vª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 19

˳ÏÁW„sV, ªy¸R…VVª«so, @gjiõ, ÇÁÌÁª«sVV, ANSaRPª«sVV @ƒ«sV xmsLi¿RÁ˳ÏÁW»R½ª«sVVÌÁV, gRiLiµ³R… xqsöLRi+ LRiWxms LRixqs aRP‡ôÁª«sVVÌÁ®ƒs[ @LiVVµR…V „sxtsQ¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁV ®ªsLRizqs C xmsµj…LiÉÓÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V AaRP»][ úxmsª«sLjiòLi¿Á[ xmsµj… LRiNRPª«sVVÌÁ ª«sWƒ«sª«soÌÁV 'úxmsª«sX»R½VòÌÁV' @ƒ«s‡Á²R…VµR…VLRiV (16). úxmsª«sX»R½VòÌÁV úx¤¦¦¦xqs* úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ¬sª«sX»R½VòÌÁV (xqsƒyõQQùxqsVÌÁV) µk…LçRi úxmsª«sª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V ªyùx¤¦¦¦X»R½ÌÁNRPV (˳ÏÁWM, ˳ÏÁVª«sM, xqsVª«sM), ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁNRPV ALRiLi˳ÏÁª«sVVÍÜ[ »R½ƒ«s B¿RÁèé úxmsNSLRiª«sVVgS aRP‡ôÁª«sVV»][, NRPÎÏÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV D¿RÁèLjiLi¿RÁª«s¿RÁV胫sV (17). ®ªs[µR…xmshRiƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sNRPV Aµj… ¸R…VLiµR…V, úFy»R½ry=¸R…VLi xqsLiµ³yù ª«sLiµR…ƒ«sª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ JLiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV D¿RÁèLjiLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁ JLiNSLRi ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s xmsoLRiVxtsv²R…V xmspLñRiª«sVVgS aRPVµôðR…V²R…gRiVƒ«sV (18). ª«sVLRiÌÁ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ xmsX´j…„ds»R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV, BLiN][ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ ÇÁÌÁ»R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (19).

xmsoƒ«saRPè ƒ«sª«sN][ÉØù »R½V ¾»½[ÇÁryLi ÇÁ¸R…Vª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè ƒ«sª«sN][ÉØù »R½V ªy¹¸…WLêRi¸R…V ª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 20

ANSaRP ÇÁ¸R…V ª«sWF¡õ¼½ ƒ«sª«sN][ÉÓÁ ÇÁ}msƒ«s\®ªs e gRiLiµ³yµk…ƒyLi úNRP®ªs[V\âß᪫s ƒ«sª«sN][ÉÓÁ ÇÁ}msƒ«s \®ªs ee 21

@x¤¦¦¦LiNSLRixqsù ¿RÁ xmsoƒ«sLRiõª«sN][ÉÓÁ ÇÁ}msƒ«s \®ªs e xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs ª«sVLiú»R½ ÇÁ}msòƒ«s ¬s»R½ùLi aRPVµôð][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»R½Vöª«sWƒ±s ee 22

»R½»R½M xmsLRiLi xqs*zqsµôðR…ùLóRiLi ÇÁF¡ ˳ÏÁª«s¼½ z¤¦¦¦ µj…*ÇØM e Gª«s ª«sVuí¡»R½òLRi aRP»R½N][ÉÓÁ ÇÁ}msòƒ«s \®ªs xmsoƒ«sM ee 23

úxmsß᮪s[ƒ«s úxms‡ÁVµôðR…xqsVò aRPVµôðR…¹¸…WgRi ª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e

BLiN][ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][ @gjiõ »R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV, BLiN][ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][ ªy¸R…VV»R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (20). BLiN][ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ ANSaRP»R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. BÈÁVÌÁ®ƒs[ úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁ ¿]xmsöVƒ«s ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁV ª«sùQQNTPò gRiLiµ³yµR…VÌÁƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (21). BLiN][ »]„sVøµj… N][ÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ @x¤¦¦¦LiNSLRi »R½»R½òQ*ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. úxms¼½ µj…ƒ«sª«sVV ®ªs[LiVVryLýRiV ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V aRPVµôðR…V²R…gRiVƒ«sV (22). J µj…*ÇÁÙÍØLS! A »R½LRiVªy»R½ ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V A»R½ø ryOSQ»yäLRiª«sVV N]LRiNRPV ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV N]ƒ«srygjiLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. C „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS ƒ«sWÈÁ Fs¬s„sVµj… N][ÈýÁ úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò (23) Çìجs\¹¸…V aRPVµôðR… ¹¸…WgRiª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV.

aRPVµôðR…¹¸…Wlgi[ƒ«s xqsLi¸R…VVN][ò ÒÁª«sƒ«sVøQQN][ò ƒ«s xqsLiaRP¸R…VM ee 24

xqsµy ÇÁxmsƒ±s xqsµy µ³yù¸R…Vƒ±s bPª«sLi úxmsß᪫sLRiWzmsß᪱sV e xqsª«sWµ³j… ró¡ ª«sV¥¦¦¦¹¸…Wgki bPª«s Gª«s ƒ«s xqsLiaRP¸R…VM ee 25

‡ÁVVztsQ¿RÁèéLiµ][ ®µ…[ª«s»yµj… ƒ«sùxqsù ®µ…[}¤¦¦¦ xmsoƒ«sLêRi}ms»`½ e úxmsß᪫sLi ª«sW»R½XNS¸R…VVNRPòLi ®µ…[}¤¦¦¦ ƒ«sùxqsù ‡ÁVVztsQLRi÷鮪s[»`½ ee 26

µR…aRPª«sW»R½XxtsQ²R…µ³y*µj… xqsLRi*Li ƒyùxqsxmnsÌÁLi ÌÁÛ˳Á[»`½ e úxmsª«sX»yòƒyLi ¿RÁ „sVúaSßØLi xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫s„sVxtsQù¾»½[ ee 27

aRPVµôðR… ¹¸…WgRiª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…ƒ«s Çìجs ÒÁª«sƒ«sVøNRPVò²R…ƒ«sVÈÁÍÜ[ xqsLi®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (24). úxmsß᪫s xqs*LRiWxmso²R…gRiV bPª«so¬s xqsµy µ³yù¬sxqsWò, úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV xqsµy ÇÁzmsxqsWò, xqsª«sWµ³j… ¸R…VLiµR…VLi²R…V ª«sV¥¦¦¦ ¹¸…Wgji bPª«so®²…[ ¸R…Vƒ«sVÈÁÍÜ[ xqsLiµj…¸R…Vª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (25). ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVV ¹¸…VVNRPä ‡ÁVVztsQ, ¿³RÁLiµR…xqsV=, ®µ…[ª«s»R½ B»yùµR…VÌÁƒ«sV xqsøLjiLiÀÁ, @LigRiƒyùxqs NRPLRiƒyùxqsª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @NSLSµj… x¤¦¦¦NSLRiª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV gRiÌÁ ª«sLñRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s úxmsß᪫sª«sVVƒ«sV »R½ƒ«s ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V ƒyùxqsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò ‡ÁVVztsQ ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV (26). xmsµj… LRiNRPª«sVVÌÁ ª«sVLiú»R½ xqsLiryäLRiª«sVVÌÁV, ª«sW»R½XNS ƒyùxqsª«sVV, xtsQ²R…µR…* (x¤¦Ü[ª«sV„sµ³j…) ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ªyÉÓÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s xmspLñRiƒyùxqs xmnsÌÁª«sVV ƒy»R½²R…V F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. úxmsª«sX»R½VòÌÁNRPV, úxmsª«sX¼½ò ¬sª«sX»R½VòQù ˳ÏÁ¸R…V „sbPxtísQª«sVgRiV ÒÁª«sƒ«sª«sVV gRi²R…Vxmso ªyLjiNTP xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫sª«sVV @Õ³dÁxtísQª«sVVÌÁ ¬s¿RÁV胫sV (27).

úNTP¸R…W»R½F¡ÇÁ\|msM ¸R…VVNSò zqsòQû „sµ³y bP+ª«s¹¸…Wgjiƒ«sM e µ³R…ƒyµj… „s˳ÏÁ##\®ªs\ZaPQQ誫s NRPLSµR…ùLiQ\lgiLRiõª«sWµj… Õ³ÁM ee 28

úNTP¸R…V¸R…W xmspÇÁ¸R…W ¸R…VVNRPòM úNTP¸R…W ¹¸…Wgki¼½ NRP´R…ù¾»½[ e xmspÇØ ¸R…VVNRPòaRPè „sV»R½Ë³ÏÁVN`P ËØ}¤¦¦¦ùLiúµj…¸R…V ÇÁ¸R…W¬s*»R½M ee 29

xmsLRiúµ][¥¦¦¦µj… LRiz¤¦¦¦»R½xqsòF¡ ¹¸…Wgki¼½ NRP´R…ù¾»½[ e G\¾»½LRiVùQQNRPò xqs=µysúNRPVµôðR… xqs=LRi* NSª«sWµj… ª«sLêji»R½M ee 30

xqsµy ÇÁxmsxmsLSaS+Li»][ ÇÁxms¹¸…Wgki¼½ »R½Li „sµR…VM e Dxms¿y\lLiM u¡²R…aRPÕ³ÁM xmspÇÁ¸R…W bPª«s¹¸…Wgjiƒyª±sV ee 31

ryÍÜ[NSùµj… úNRP®ªs[V\âß᪫s aRPVµôð][ ª«sVVNTPòLi ÌÁÛ˳Á[ƒ«sõLRiM e

úNTP¸R…W ¹¸…Wgji, »R½F¡¹¸…Wgji, ÇÁxms¹¸…Wgji @¬s bPª«s¹¸…WgRiVÌÁV ª«sVW²R…V „sµ³R…ª«sVVÌÁVgS ƒ«sVƒyõLRiV. xqsLixmsµR…ƒ«sV „s¬s¹¸…WgjiLiÀÁ xmspÇÁƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁW ryuíyLigRi ƒ«sª«sVryäLSµj… (28) úNTP¸R…W »R½»R½öLRiV²R…gRiV ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V úNTP¸R…W ¹¸…Wgji ¸R…Vƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. xmspÇÁ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁW, „sV»R½ª«sVVgS ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁVªy\®²…, ËØ}¤¦¦¦ùLiúµj…¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLiÀÁ (29), B»R½LRiVÌÁNRPV úµ][x¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ªyÉÓÁ¬s „s²R…ƒy²T… ¸R…VVLi²R…V ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V »R½F¡¹¸…Wgji ¸R…Vƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. C gRiVß᪫sVVÌÁƒ«sV NRPÖÁgji ¸R…VVLi²T…, Gƒy²R…V N][xmsª«sVV ®ƒsLRiVLigRiNRP, NSª«sVƒ«sÌÁ ƒ«s¬sõÉÓÁ¬ds „s²R…ƒy²T… (30), aSLi»R½ ª«sVƒ«sxqsVäQ\®²… xqsLRi*NSÌÁª«sVVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VV ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V ÇÁxms¹¸…Wgji ¸R…Vƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. bPª«s¹¸…WgRiVÌÁƒ«sV u¡²R…a][xms¿yLRiª«sVV»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁV (31) ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V aRPVµôðR…V\®²…, ryÍÜ[NSùµj… ª«sVVNTPò¬s F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV.

ÇÁxms¹¸…WgRi ª«sV´][ ª«sZOP[QQù gRiµR…»R½M aRPXßáV»R½ µj…*ÇØM ee 32

»R½xmsM NRPLRiVòLêRixmsM úF¡N][ò ¸R…VÇêÁƒ«sø xmsLjiª«sWLêRi¾»½[ e bPª«sƒyª«sV ƒ«sª«sVM xmspLRi*Li ¿RÁ»R½VLóSQùLi xmsLi¿RÁ»R½»R½òQ*NRPª±sV ee 33

xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫sLRiWxmsLi z¤¦¦¦ bPª«sxmsLi¿yORPQLRiLi µj…*ÇØM e xmsLi¿yORPQLRi ÇÁ}ms\®ƒsª«s xqsLRi* zqsµôðj…Li ÌÁÛ˳Á[ƒ«sõLRiM ee 34

úxmsß᮪s[ƒyµj… xqsLi¸R…VVNRPòLi xqsµy xmsLi¿yORPQLRiLi ÇÁ}ms»`½ e gRiVLRiWxms®µ…[aRPLi xqsLigRiª«sVù xqsVÅÁªy}qs xqsV˳ÏÁW»R½ÛÍÁ[ ee 35

xmspLRi* xmsZOP[Q xqsª«sWLRi˳ÏÁù NRPXxtñsQ ˳ÏÁW»yª«sµ³j… µj…*ÇØM e ª«sWxmnsVLi ˳ØúµR…Li „sbPxtísQLi »R½V xqsLRi*NSÍÜ[»R½ò®ªsW»R½òª«sVª±sV ee 36

J µj…*ÇÁÙÍØLS! ®ƒs[¬sxmso²R…V ÇÁxms¹¸…WgRiª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á|msöµR…ƒ«sV „sƒ«sV²R…V (32). »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy¬s N]LRiNRPV ÇÁxmsª«sVV „sµ³j…Lixms‡Á²T…ƒ«sµj…. ÇÁxmsª«sVV ÇÁƒ«sø‡ÁLiµ³R…ª«sVVƒ«sV »R½V²T…|msÈíÁVƒ«sV. ª«sVVLiµR…VgS 'ƒ«sª«sV'iM D¿RÁèLjiLiÀÁ, »R½LRiVªy»R½ ¿RÁ»R½VLôðki „s˳ÏÁNTPòÍÜ[ bPª«sƒyª«sVª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[LRiègS, 'ƒ«sª«sVbP+ªy¸R…V' @ƒ«sV xmsLi¿yORPQLji ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV (33). J µj…*ÇÁÙÍØLS! bPª«sxmsLi¿yORPQLji xqósWÌÁ úxmsß᪫sª«sVV. xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁV ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V xqsLRi*zqsµôðR…VÌÁƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (34). xqsµy JLiNSLRiª«sVV»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. gRiVLRiWxms®µ…[aRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…, ¿RÁNRPä¬s ®ƒs[ÌÁ\|ms xqsVÆØxqsƒ«sª«sVV\|ms NRPWLRiVèLi²T… ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (35). J µj…*ÇÁÙÍØLS ! aRPVNýRP xmsORPQª«sVVÍÜ[ ALRiLiÕ³ÁLiÀÁ, NRPXxtñsQxmsúaRPª«sVV xmspLjiò¸R…VgRiV ª«sLRiNRPV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ª«sWÅÁ, ˳ØúµR…xmsµR…ª«sVVÌÁV ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sNRPV D»R½ò®ªsW»R½òª«sVgRiV ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁV (36).

GNRPªyLRiLi „sV»ybdP »R½V ªygRiù»][ ¬s¸R…V¾»½[Liúµj…¸R…VM e xqs*xqsù LSÇÁzms»R½YßØLi ¿RÁ aRPVúaRPWxtsQßáLi ¿RÁ ¬s»R½ù aRPM ee 37

xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs ÇÁxmsª«sWú¾»½[ßá ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[¿RÁVèéµôð][sƒ«sù´y ‡ÁVVßÔá e xmsLi¿yORPQLRiLi xmsLi¿RÁÌÁORPQLi ÇÁ}msÀÁè骫s ª«sVƒ«sVxqsøLRiƒ±s ee 38

xmsµyøxqsƒ«sxqósLi bPª«sµR…Li gRiLigS ¿RÁLiúµR… NRPÍجs*»R½ª±sV e ªy®ªsWLRiV zqós»R½aRPNSòQù ¿RÁ „sLSÇÁLi»R½Li ª«sV¥¦¦¦gRi\âßáM ee 39

ª«sVXgRiÈÁLiNRP µ³R…LRiLi ®µ…[ª«sLi ª«sLSµR… ˳ÏÁ¸R…VFyßÓáNRPª±sV e xqsµyƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦ NRPLSòLRiLi xqsµybPª«s ª«sVƒ«sVxqsøLRiƒ±s ee 40

xqsLixmspÇÁù ª«sVƒ«sry xmspLRi*Li x¤¦¦¦Xµj… ªy xqsWLRiùª«sVLi²R…ÛÍÁ[ e ÇÁ}ms»R½öLi¿yORPQLkiLi „sµyùLi úFyÇÁÙøÅÁ aRPV+µôðR… NRPLRiøNRPX»`½ ee 41

ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V INRP xmspÇÁ ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. „sV»R½ª«sVVgS ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. „sV»R½ª«sVVgS ª«sWÈÁÍزR…ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. BLiúµj…¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ÇÁLiVVLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ®µ…[aRPúxms˳ÏÁVª«soƒ«sNRPV, »R½ÖýÁ µR…Liú²R…VÌÁNRPV ¬s»R½ùª«sVV }qsª«s ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (37). BÈýÁV ¬s¸R…Vª«sVª«sVV»][ ®ªs[LiVV ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V aRPVµôðR…V²R…gRiVƒ«sV. ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…V¬sªy²R…V ‡ÁVVßÓá ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV. bPª«so¬s xqsøLjixqsWò xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s HµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (38). xmsµyøxqsƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…Vƒ«sõQÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁª«sVVÌÁ ¬s¿RÁV胫sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, gRiLigRi»][ ¿RÁLiúµR…NRPÎÏÁ»][ NRPW²T… Dƒ«sõQÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, Fs²R…ª«sV»]²R…\|ms ƒ«sVƒ«sõ aRPNTPò»][ ª«sVLji¸R…VV g]xmsö úxmsª«sV´R… gRiß᪫sVVÌÁ»][ „sLSÑÁÌýÁV¿RÁVƒ«sõQÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, (39) ª«sVXgRiª«sVVƒ«sV, ú¼½aRPWÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV µ³R…LjiLiÀÁƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, úxmsNSaRPxqs*LRiWxmso\®²…ƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, ¿Á[»R½VÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V ª«sLRiµR…, @˳ÏÁ¸R…V ª«sVVúµR…ÌÁƒ«sV NRPÖÁgji Dƒ«sõQÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV xqsµy @ƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁV xqsµybPª«so¬s µ³yù¬sLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (40). xms„sú»y¿RÁLRiß᪫sVV gRiÌÁ ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V ª«sVVLiµR…VgS x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…Vª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V gS¬s, xqsWLRiù ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V gS¬s bPª«so¬s ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[zqs ª«sWƒ«szqsNRP xmspÇÁƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs »R½WLRiVö ª«sVVÅÁª«sVVgS NRPWLRiVèLi²T… xmsLi¿yORPQLki ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (41).

úFy»R½M NRPXxtñsQ ¿RÁ»R½VLôRiaSùLi ¬s»R½ù NRPLRiø xqsª«sWxmsù ¿RÁ e ª«sVƒ¯[LRi®ªs[V aRPV¿_ ®µ…[ZaP[ ¬s¸R…V»R½ aRPV+µôðR… ª«sWƒ«sxqsM ee 42

xmsLi¿yORPQLRixqsù ª«sVLiú»R½xqsù xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi µy*µR…aRPLi ÇÁ}ms»`½ e ª«sLRi¹¸…[V¿RÁè xqsxms¼d½õNSƒ±s \ZaPªyƒ±s \®ªs úËØx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[»R½òª«sWƒ±s ee 43

GNRPLi gRiVLRiVª«sLRiLi bPxtísQLi ª«sLRi¹¸…[V»y=Li‡Áª«sVWLjiòNRPª±sV e CaSƒ«sLi ¿y´R… xmsoLRiVxtsQ ª«sV|mnsWLRiLi ªyª«sV®ªs[Vª«s ¿RÁ ee 44

xqsµ][ùÇØ»R½Li ¿RÁ xmsLi\¿Áª«s bPª«s˳ÏÁNSòƒ±s µj…*ÇÜ[»R½òª«sWƒ±s e xmspÇØ úµR…ªyùßÓá xqsLiFyµR…ù bPª«sxmspÇÁLi xqsª«sWLRiÛ˳Á[»`½ ee 45

NRPXxtñsQxmsORPQ ¿RÁ»R½VLôRibP ƒy²R…V (ÇÁxmsª«sVV xqsª«sWxmsòQ\®ªsVƒ«s L][ÇÁÙ) DµR…¸R…V®ªs[V ¬s»R½ùNRPLRiøƒ«sV xmspLjiò¿Á[xqsVNRPV¬s, @LiµR…ª«sVVgS aRPVú˳ÏÁª«sVVgS ƒ«sVƒ«sõ xqósÌÁª«sVVÍÜ[ NRPWLRiVèLi²T…, aRPVµôðR…\®ªsVƒ«s GNSúgRi\®ªsVƒ«s ª«sVƒ«sxqsV= gRiÌÁªy\®²… (42) ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V xmsLi¿yORPQLki ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV xms®ƒsõLi²R…V ®ªs[ÌÁV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ˳ØLRiùÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…¸R…VVƒ«sõ bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòQ\ÛÍÁƒ«s úËØx¤¦¦¦øßá úZaP[xtîsvÌÁƒ«sV ª«sLRißá ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁgRiV úËØx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[»R½òª«sVVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V CaSƒ«s, »R½»R½VöLRiVxtsQ, @|mnsWLRi, ªyª«sV®µ…[ª«s, xqsµ][ùÇØ»R½ (44) LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. xmspÇØúµR…ª«sùª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV xqsLiFyµj…LiÀÁ bPª«sxmspÇÁ ƒyLRiLiÕ³ÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (45).

bPª«sxmspÇØLi ¿RÁ „sµ³j…ª«s»`½ NRPX»y* x¤¦Ü[ª«sVLi xqsª«sWLRiÛ˳Á[»`½ e ª«sVVÆØLi»R½Li ¿RÁ xqs*xqsWú¾»½[ßá NRPX»y* x¤¦Ü[ª«sVLi xqsª«sWLRiÛ˳Á[»`½ ee 46

µR…\ZaPNRPLi ªy aRP##\¾»½NRPLi ªy xqsx¤¦¦¦\|qs#ûNRPª«sV´yzms ªy e NSzmsÛÍÁ[ƒ«s xmnsVX¾»½[ \®ƒsª«s ÇÁÙx¤¦¦¦§¸R…W»R½=Q*¸R…V®ªs[Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ ee 47

NSLRi¹¸…[VÀÁè骫s ˳ÏÁ##ZN^PQQòLS*xtsQùuí¡»R½òLRiaRP»R½Li ‡ÁVµ³R…Me x¤¦Ü[ª«sWLi¾»½[ µR…OTPQßØ ®µ…[¸R…W gRiVL][Læ][„sV´R…Vƒ«sLi »R½´y ee 48

CaSƒyµj… xqs*LRiWFyLi ryòƒ±s gRiVLRiVLi ryLi‡ÁLi „s˳ت«sù ¿RÁ e ¾»½[uyLi xms¼½=QQNRPò»][ ¹¸…[Vƒ«s xqs*bPLRiM ryõƒ«s ª«sW¿RÁlLi[»`½ ee 49

¸R…V´y„sµ³j…gS bPª«sxmspÇÁƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs x¤¦Ü[ª«sVª«sVV ƒyLRiLiÕ³Á¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @gjiõQróyxmsƒ«sª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV {qs*¸R…V gRiXx¤¦¦¦ù xqsWú»yƒ«sVryLRiª«sVVgS ¿Á[zqs, x¤¦Ü[ª«sVª«sVVƒ«sV ®ªsVVµR…ÖÁ²R…ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (46). ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V NRPzmsÌÁg][ª«so ¹¸…VVNRPä ®ƒs[¼½»][ xmsµR…N]Li²R…V, ÛÍÁ[NRP ƒ«sWÈÁ INRPÉÓÁ , ÛÍÁ[NRP ®ªs[LiVV INRPÉÓÁ Ax¤¦¦¦§»R½VÌÁƒ«sV »y®ƒs[ C¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (47). ÛÍÁ[µy, bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁ¿Á[ ƒ«sWÈÁ Fs¬s„sVµj… Ax¤¦¦¦§»R½VÌÁƒ«sV BzmsöLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. x¤¦Ü[ª«sVª«sVV @LiVVƒ«s »R½LRiVªy»R½ gRiVLRiVª«soƒ«sNRPV lLiLi²R…V g][ª«soÌÁƒ«sV µR…OTPQßá¬ds¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (48). gRiVLRiVª«so ƒ«sLiµR…V ryLi‡ÁV¬s, B»R½LRi úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V CaSƒyµR…VÌÁƒ«sV ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[zqs, ªyLji FyµR…ÇÁÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV »R½ƒ«s bPLRixqsV=Q\|ms ¿RÁÌýÁVN]ƒ«sª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (49).

xtsQÉÞ ú¼½LiaRP»][äÉÓÁ ¼d½lLói[xtsv xqsµR…ùry=Qõƒ«sxmnsÌÁLi ÌÁÛ˳Á[»`½ e µR…aSLigRiª«sVƒ«sõLi ¾»½[uyLi \®ªs µR…µyù \®µ…Q* ˳ÏÁNTPòxmspLRi*NRPª±sV ee 50

xmsLS‡ÁVµôðyù gRiVL][M xms¼d½õ „dsVaSƒyµj… úNRP®ªs[Vßá »R½V e xmsLRiª«sW®ƒs[õƒ«s xqsLixmspÇÁù ¸R…V´y „s˳ÏÁª«s „sxqsòLRiª±sV ee 51

LRiVúµyORPQ ª«sxqsòQûxmspLRi*Li ¿RÁ ª«sÈÁNSxmspxms \ZNPLRiVù»R½ª±sV e ‡ÁÖÁµyƒ«sLi »R½»R½M NRPX»y* ˳ÏÁWLji ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«s ª«sW¿RÁlLi[»`½ ee 52

»R½»R½xqs=LiúFyLóRiQù ®µ…[®ªs[aRPLi ÇÁxmsLi »yª«s»R½=ª«sWxms¹¸…[V»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPèLRiß᮪s[Vª«sLi ¿RÁ NRPX»y* ª«sVLiú¼d½ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM ee 53

@ÈýÁV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V ª«sVVxmsöµj… ¸R…WLRiV N][ÈýÁ ¼d½LóRiª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ ryõƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s xmnsÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV ®ªsLiÈÁ®ƒs[ F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. »R½LRiVªy»R½ ªyLjiNTP xmsµj… @LigRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T… ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV ˳ÏÁNTPòxmspLRi*NRPª«sVVgS xqsª«sVLjiöLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (50). gRiVLRiVxms¼½õ ¸R…VLiµR…V xmsLSaRPNTPò¬s, úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V CaSƒyµj… HµR…VLRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[zqs, ªyLji¬s \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª«sVVƒ«sNRPV @ƒ«sVLRiWxmsª«sVVgS xmsLRiª«sWƒ«sõª«sVV»][ xmspÑÁLiÀÁ (51), LRiVúµyORPQÌÁƒ«sV, ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV C¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. »R½LRiVªy»R½ ª«s²R…ÌÁ»][, @xmsöª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s @ƒ«sõª«sVVƒ«sV NSNSµj… úFyßáVÌÁNRPV xqsª«sVLjiöLiÀÁ, »R½LRiVªy»R½ ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V xqsVxtîsvgS ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (52). »R½LRiVªy»R½ bPª«so¬s úFyLójiLiÀÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sVVgjiLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. C „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS ª«sVLiú»R½ xmsoLRiaRPèLRißძsV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò ª«sVLiú»R½zqsµôðR…¬s F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (53).

xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá xqsLRi*FyxmsORPQ¹¸…W ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e @»R½Íصj… xqsª«sWLRi˳ÏÁù xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NSª«sµ³j… úNRPª«sW»`½ ee 54

xmsLi¿RÁÌÁORPQ ÇÁFy»R½ò»R½òÍýÜ[\ZNPaRP*LRiù ª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e ª«sV®µ³…[ù ª«sVX»R½ZaP[èµ][÷égSLi¾»½[ ˳ÏÁWª«s° »R½ ÇìØxmsN][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ ee 55

xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ry„dsVxmsùª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ryLRiW\|ms#ùaRP*LRiù ª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 56

Ax¤¦¦¦»R½ù aRP»R½ÌÁZOP[Qßá ryOSQµR…÷Qûx¤¦¦¦ø xqs®ªsW ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e NSLRiù ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßá Gª«sLi z¤¦¦¦ ry¸R…VVÇÁùLi úxms¼½xmsµR…ùQ\®ªs ee 57

¸R…V®´…[xtísQLi ˳Ü[gRiª«sWF¡õ¼½ »R½µR…÷Qûx¤¦¦¦ø úxmsÌÁ¸R…Wª«sµ³j… e

@»R½²R…V ª«sVLRiÌÁ HµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ Fyxmsª«sVV ÌÁ¬sõ¸R…VW ƒ«sbPLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. @LiVV®µ…[zqs ÌÁORPQÌÁ ¿]xmsöVƒ«s ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS @»R½ÌÁª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV gRiÌÁ (54) A¸R…W ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁ HaRP*LRiùª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. ª«sVµ³R…ùÍÜ[ ª«sVLRißÓáLiÀÁƒ«s¿][, xmsLRiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ ˳Ü[gRiª«sVVÌÁ ƒ«sƒ«sV˳ÏÁ„sLiÀÁ, ˳ÏÁW„sV ¸R…VLiµR…V ÇÁ¬søLiÀÁ xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (55). ª«sVLRiÌÁ xmsLi¿RÁÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. BLiN][ @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][, ryLRiWxmsù HaRP*LRiùª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (56). ®ªsLRizqs N][ÉÓÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ªy²R…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø»][ xqsª«sWƒ«s\®ªsVƒ«s ªy²R…gRiVƒ«sV. @»R½²R…V NSLRiùú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø (¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø) ¹¸…VVNRPä ry¸R…VVÇÁùª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj… (57), A ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø úxmsÌÁ¸R…Vª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vª«sLRiNRPV N][Ljiƒ«s ˳Ü[gRiª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV @ƒ«sV˳ÏÁ„sLi¿RÁVƒ«sV.

xmsoƒ«sM NRPÍØöLi»R½lLi[ ª«sX¾»½[ò ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øxmsoú»R½xqs= ÇظR…V¾»½[ ee 58

xmsoƒ«saRPè »R½xmsry µk…xmsòM úNRPª«sWƒ«søQQN][ò ˳ÏÁ„sxtsQù¼½ e xmsX´y*Qùµj… NSLRiù˳ÏÁW¾»½[˳Ü[ù ÍÜ[NS\®ªs ¬sLjiø»yM úNRPª«sW»`½ ee 59

Fy»yÍصj… ¿RÁ xqs»yùLi»R½Li ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NSaRPè»R½VLôRiaRP e xqs»yùµR…WLôðRiQ*Li ORPQª«sWLi»R½Li \®ªs „sxtñsvÍÜ[NSaRPè»R½VLôRiaRP ee 60

ORPQª«sWÍÜ[ZNP[ NSLRiù„sxtñsv\lLiQQ*NRPVLilhi[ ª«sLRixms»R½ò®ƒs[ e NSLRiù ÌÁOSQQø ª«sV¥¦¦¦Ë³Ü[gji LRiOSQLi NRPX»y*sµ³j…¼½xtîsQ¼½ ee 61

»R½µR…WLôðRiQ*gSaRPè aRPV¿RÁùLi»y ÍÜ[NSuíy„sLiaRP¼½M zqôðs»yM e

ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRP NRPÌÁöª«sVV ALRiLi˳ÏÁª«sVV NSgS®ƒs[ A»R½²R…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øxmsoú»R½V\®²… ÇÁ¬søLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (58). A»R½²R…V ª«sVLRiÌÁ »R½xmsxqsV= ¿Á[ úxmsNSbPLiÀÁ, úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ª«sVVNRPVò²R…gRiVƒ«sV. xmsX´j…„s ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV NSLRiù˳ÏÁW»R½ª«sVVÌÁ ƒ«sVLi²T… úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS (59) Fy»yÌÁª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV gRiÌÁ xmsµR…VƒyÌæÁV ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV ¬sLjiøLixms‡Á²T…ƒ«s„s. xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV \|msƒ«s ORPQª«sWÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ úZaP[xtîsQxmsÈíÁß᪫sVgRiV \®ªsNRPVLihRiª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V NSLRiù „sxtñsvª«so NSLRiù ÌÁOTPQQø»][ gRiW²T… Aµj…ZaP[xtsv¬s\|ms aRP¸R…V¬sLiÀÁ LRiOTPQLi¿RÁV¿RÁVLi²R…Vƒ«sV (61). µy¬s\|msƒ«s aRPVÀÁÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV BLRi\®ªs Fs¬s„sVµj… ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁª«so.

aRPV¿_ ÍÜ[ZNP[ »R½V\ZNPÍØ}qs LRiVúµ][ \®ªs ˳ÏÁW»R½x¤¦¦¦X»`½ zqós»R½M ee 62

xtsQ²R…V»R½òLSaRPè xmsLi¿yaRPµR…z¤¦¦¦LiryLi»yxqsòµR…WLôðRiQ*gSM e @z¤¦¦¦LiryÍÜ[ NRPª«sWróy¸R…V Çì؃«s\ZNPÍØxqsZNP[ xmsolLi[ ee 63

NSlLi[ùaRP*LRizqsòL][ ˳ت«sLi xqsLS*ƒ±s NRPX»y*µj… ¼½ztîsQ¼½ e »R½µR…Li¾»½[ NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPLi z¤¦¦¦ NSÍؼd½»R½xqsò»R½M xmsLRiª±sV ee 64

bP®ªs[ƒyµ³j…ztîsQ»R½xqsòú»R½ NSÌÁaRPèúZNP[aRP*LSx¤¦¦¦*¸R…VM e ª«sWz¤¦¦¦xtsQLi µ³R…LRiøª«sWróy¸R…V xqsLS*ƒ±s NSÛÍÁ[ƒ«s ¸R…VVÇÁLi¼½ ee 65

aRPVÀÁÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[¬s \ZNPÍØxqsª«sVVÍÜ[ úFyßáVÌÁƒ«sV xqsLiz¤¦¦¦LjiLi¿Á[ LRiVúµR…V²R…V DLi²R…Vƒ«sV (62). µy¬s\|msƒ«s @z¤¦¦¦LiryÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV G‡Áµj…¸R…WLRiV ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁª«so. @z¤¦¦¦LiryÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[¬s Çì؃«s \ZNPÍØxqsxmsoLRiª«sVVƒ«sV (63), xqsLRi*úFyßáVÌÁƒ«sV ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VV NSlLi[ùaRP*LRiV²R…V @µ³j…ztîsQLiÀÁ ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. @z¤¦¦¦Liry ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV @Li»R½ª«sVVÍÜ[ NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V. µy¬s\|msƒ«s NSÍؼd½»R½ ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V (64). µy¬s¬s bPª«so²R…V @µ³j…ztîsQLiÀÁ ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. @¿RÁÈÁ ¿RÁúZNP[aRP*LRiV²R…ƒ«sV NSÌÁV²R…V ª«sVz¤¦¦¦xtsQ ªyx¤¦¦¦ƒyLRiW²³R…V\®²…, µ³R…LRiø‡ÁµôðR…ª«sVVgS xqsLRiV*ÌÁƒ«sV NSÌÁª«sVVƒ«sVNRPV @µ³k…ƒ«sVÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVƒ«sV (65).

»yª«sƒ«sø}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiM úF¡NRPòzqsòL][µ³yryòª«s®µ…[ª«s z¤¦¦¦ e »R½µR…LS*N`P NRPLRiø˳Ü[g][ z¤¦¦¦ »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li Çì؃«s˳Ü[gRiNRPª±sV ee 66

»R½µR…LS*N`P NRPLRiø ª«sW¸R…W z¤¦¦¦ Çì؃«sª«sW¸R…W »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*NRPª±sV e ª«sW ÌÁOUPQQøM NRPLRiø˳Ü[g][\®ªs ¸R…W¼½ ª«sW¹¸…[V¼½ NRP´R…ù¾»½[ ee 67

ª«sW ÌÁOUPQQøL`i Çì؃«s ˳Ü[g][\®ªs ¸R…W¼½ NRP´R…ù¾»½[ e »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li ¬s»R½ù˳Ü[g][ z¤¦¦¦ »R½µR…LS*ÇÞ ƒ«saRP*LRiLi „sµR…VM ee 68

»R½µR…LS*N`P ¿RÁ ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sLi »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li ƒ«s ¼½L][µ³R…ƒ«sª±sV e »R½µR…LS*N`P FyaRP‡ÁLiµ³][ z¤¦¦¦ »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li ƒ«sz¤¦¦¦ ‡ÁLiµ³R…ƒ«sª±sV ee 69

ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiV²R…V BLi»R½ª«sLRiNRPV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVƒ«sV. µk…¬s úNTPLiµR… NRPLRiøÇÁƒ«sù ˳Ü[gRiª«sVV, µk…¬s\|msƒ«s Çì؃«s ÇÁƒ«sù Aƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV gRiÌÁª«so (66). µk…¬s úNTPLiµR… NRPLRiø ª«sW¸R…V, µk…¬s\|msƒ«s Çì؃«s ª«sW¸R…V gRiÌÁª«so. 'ª«sW' @ƒ«sgS NRPLRiø˳Ü[gRi LRiWxmsÌÁOTPQQø NRPLRiø˳Ü[gRiª«sVVƒ«sV NRPLjiøF~LiµR…Vƒ«sV @ƒ«sV ¸R…VVLóRiª«sVVÍÜ[ ª«sW¸R…VW @ƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV (67). 'ª«sW' @ƒ«sgS Çì؃yƒ«sLiµR…LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV ÌÁOTPQQø Çì؃yƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV Çìجs F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV @ƒ«sV @LôðRiª«sVVÍÜ[ ª«sW¸R…W @ƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. @z¤¦¦¦LiryÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV \|msƒ«s aSaRP*»yƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV, µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ƒ«sbPLi¿Á[ ˳Ü[gRiª«sVVÌÁV DLi²R…Vƒ«sV (68). µy¬s úNTPLiµR… DLi®²…[ ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVV µy¬s\|msƒ«s DLi²R…µR…V. µy¬s úNTPLiµR… xqsLiryLRi‡ÁLiµ³R…ª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V. µy¬s\|msƒ«s ‡ÁLiµ³R…ª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (69).

»R½µR…LS*N`P xmsLjiª«sLRiòLi¾»½[ NSª«sVùNRPLSøƒ«sV ryLjißáM e ¬suy䪫sV NRPLRiø˳Ü[gRixqsVò »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li xmsLjiNUPLjiò»R½M ee 70

»R½µR…LS*N`P xmsLjiª«sLRiòLi¾»½[ ÕÁLiµR…V xmspÇØ xmsLS¸R…VßØM e »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li z¤¦¦¦ úª«sÇÁLi¾»½[ùª«s ¬suy䪫sW ÖÁLigRixmspÇÁNSM ee 71

»R½µR…LS*N`P xmsLjiª«sLRiòLi¾»½[ bPªyƒ«sù xqsVLRixmspÇÁNSM e bP\®ªsNRP ¬sLRi»y ¹¸…[V ¿RÁ »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li xqsLiúxms¸R…WLi¼½ ¾»½[ ee 72

»R½µR…LS*gêkiª«s N][ÉÓÁ ry=Qù»R½òµR…WLôðRiQ*Li xmsLRiN][ÉÓÁNSM e ryLiryLjiNS xqsòµR…LS*NRPè ª«sVVNSòM ÅÁÌÁV »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*gSM ee 73

»R½µR…LS*NRPöLji ª«sLRiòLi¾»½[ úFyNRPX»R½ úµR…ª«sùxmspÇÁNSM e »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li z¤¦¦¦ úª«sÇÁLi¾»½[ù¾»½[ F¢LRiVxtsQ úµR…ª«sù xmspÇÁNSM ee 74

NSª«sVù NRPLRiøÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVªyLRiV µy¬sNTP úNTPLiµj… ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ ¼½LRiVgS²R…V¿RÁVLiµR…VLRiV. ¬suy䪫sV NRPLSøƒ«sVuîyƒ«sxmsLRiVÌÁV µy¬s\|ms ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ Aƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV ƒ«sƒ«sV˳ÏÁ„sLi»R½VLRiV (70). ÕÁLiµR…V xmspÇÁ¸R…VLiµR…V ¬sxtîsQ gRiÌÁªyLRiV µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ¼½LRiVgS²R…VµR…VLRiV. ¬suy䪫sVª«sVVgS ÖÁLigRixmspÇÁ ¿Á[¸R…VVªyLRiV µy¬s\|ms ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¬saRPè¸R…Vª«sVVgS F~Li®µ…µR…LRiV (71). bPª«so¬s NRPLiÛÉÁ Õ³Áƒ«sõQQ\®ªsVƒ«s ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁƒ«sV xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVªyLRiV µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ ¼½LRiVgS²R…VµR…VLRiV. bPª«so¬s ¸R…VLiµR…V ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ¬sxtîsQ gRiÌÁªyLRiV µy¬s\|ms ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV F~Li®µ…µR…LRiV (72). µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ÒÁª«sN][ÉÓÁ, µy¬s\|msƒ«s CaRP*LRiN][ÉÓÁ DLi²R…Vƒ«sV. xqsLiryLRi‡ÁµôðR…VÌÁV µy¬s úNTPLiµR…, ª«sVVNRPVòÌÁV µy¬s\|msƒ«s DLiµR…VLRiV (73). úFyNRPX»R½ úµR…ª«sùª«sVVÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVªyLRiV µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ¼½LRiVgS²R…VµR…VLRiV. xmsoLRiVxtsQ úµR…ª«sùª«sVVÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVªyLRiV µy¬s\|ms ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV F~Li®µ…µR…LRiV (74).

»R½µR…LS*N`P aRPNTPò ÖÁLigRiLi »R½V bPª«sÖÁLigRiLi »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*NRPª±sV e »R½µR…LS*gSª«sX»R½Li ÖÁLigRiLi »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li z¤¦¦¦ ¬sLSª«sX¼½ ee 75

»R½µR…LS*N`P NRPÖÁö»R½Li ÖÁLigRiLi »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li \®ªs ƒ«sNRPÖÁö»R½ª±sV e »R½µR…LS*N`P ËØx¤¦¦¦ù ÖÁgRiLi ryùµR…Li»R½LRiLigRiLi »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*NRPª±sV ee 76

»R½µR…LS*NRPèéQQNTPò ÍÜ[NS z¤¦¦¦ aRP»R½Li \®ªs µy*µR…aSµ³j…NRPª±sV e »R½µR…LS*gji÷LiµR…VLRiWxmsLi z¤¦¦¦ ƒyµR… LRiWxmsLi »R½µR…V»R½òLRiª±sV ee 77

»R½µR…LS*NRPäLRiøÍÜ[NRPxqsVò »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li Çì؃«sÍÜ[NRPNRPM e ƒ«sª«sVryäLRixqsòµR…WLôðRiQ*Li z¤¦¦¦ ª«sVµyx¤¦¦¦LiNSLRiƒyaRPƒ«sM ee 78

ÇÁ¬sÇÁLi ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sLi ƒ«s ƒy¬sztsQµôðyù»R½¾»½[ B¼½ e Çì؃«s aRPËôØLóRi Gª«sLi z¤¦¦¦ ¼½L][ µ³yƒ«s ¬sªyLRißØ»`½ ee 79

µy¬sNTP úNTPLiµR… aRPNTPò ÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s bPª«sÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s úNTPLiµR… Aª«sX»R½ò (xqsV²R…VÌÁV ¼½Ljigjiƒ«s ) ÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s Aª«sX¼½òÛÍÁ[¬s ÖÁLigRiª«sVV (75) , µy¬s úNTPLiµR… NRPÖÁö»R½ (ÖÁLigSNSLRi ª«sxqsVòª«so ƒ«sLiµR…V) ÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s NRPÖÁö»R½ª«sVV NS¬s (xqs*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁV) ÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ËØx¤¦¦¦ù ÖÁLigRiª«sVV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s ALi»R½LRi (˳ت«sƒyLRiWxms\®ªsV) ÖÁLigRiª«sVV DLi²R…Vƒ«sV (76). µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ƒ«sWÈÁ xms®ƒsõLi²R…V aRPNTPòÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁVgRi gRiÌÁª«so. µy¬s úNTPLiµR… ÕÁLiµR…VLRiWxmsª«sVV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s ƒyµR…LRiWxmsª«sVV (77), µy¬s úNTPLiµR… NRPLRiøxmnsÌÁ LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV, µy¬s\|msƒ«s Çì؃«s gRiª«sVùª«sVgRiV ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV gRiÌÁª«so. gRiLRi*ª«sVVƒ«sV, @x¤¦¦¦LiNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV ƒ«sbPLixmsÛÇÁ[¸R…VV ƒ«sª«sVryäLRiª«sVV µy¬s\|ms ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV F~Liµj…Li¿RÁVƒ«sV (78). ÇÁƒ«sø ƒ«sVLi²T… xmsoÉíÓÁƒ«s ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVV µy¬s ¸R…VLiµR…V ÛÍÁ[µR…V. ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV ¬s}tsQµ³j…Li¿RÁ¬s®µ…[ @z¤¦¦¦Liry ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV \|ms róyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR… aRPNRPùª«sVV NSµR…V. Çì؃«s aRP‡ôÁª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ¼½L][µ³yƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV »]ÌÁgjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sµj… @¬s ¸R…VLôðRiª«sVV (79).

»R½µR…LS*N`P xmsLjiª«sLRiòLi¾»½[ ¥¦¦¦ùµ³j… ˳ݼ½NRP xmspÇÁNSM e Aµ³yù¼½øNSLRièNS Gª«s »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li xqsLiúxms¸R…WLi¼½ \®ªs ee 80

»yª«s\®µ…Q*®ªs[µj… ˳ØgRiLi »R½ƒ«sø¥¦¦¦ÍÜ[NS»R½ø ÖÁLigRiZNP[ e úxmsNRPX»yùµR…ùxtísQ ‡ÁLiµ³][zms ®ªs[µR…ùLi¾»½[ xqsLiúxms¼½ztîsQ»R½M ee 81

@xqs»R½ùaSè aRPVÀÁ\ZaPQQ誫s z¤¦¦¦Liry \¿Áªy´R… ¬sLçRiQXßØ e @xqs»yùµj… ¿RÁ»R½VuyöµR…M xqsLS*LiaRPM NSª«sVLRiWxmsµ³R…XN`P ee 82

ƒyzqsòNRPù ¿RÁORPVLôRiVxqs=Lig][ ®ªs[µR… ËØx¤¦¦¦ù µ³R…*¬s xqs=µy e úN][µ³R…aRPXLigRiM NRPXxtñsQ ª«sLñ][ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVz¤¦¦¦xtsQ ®ªs[xtsQªyƒ±s ee 83

@µ³R…LRiø ª«sVz¤¦¦¦uyLRiW²³R…Li NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPLi »R½LRiLi¼½¾»½[ e xqs»yùµj… µ³R…LRiø¸R…VVNSò ¹¸…[V bPª«sxmspÇØ xmsLSaRPè ¹¸…[V ee 84

ËØx¤¦¦¦ùª«sVgRiV @LRi胫s ¿Á[¸R…VVªyLRiV @z¤¦¦¦LiryÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV úNTPLiµR… ¼½LRiVgS²R…V¿RÁVLiµR…VLRiV. NS¬s x¤¦¦¦XµR…¸R…Vª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V bPª«so¬s @LjièLi¿RÁVªyLRiV µy¬s NRPLiÛÉÁ ELôðRiQ*ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV F~Li®µ…µR…LRiV (80). ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…ª«sVV ÖÁLigSNSLRiª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sVƒ«sõµj…. NSLRiù ÇÁgRi»R½VòÍÜ[¬s ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV A ÖÁLigRiª«sVV ¹¸…VVNRPä ®ªs[µj… (Fyƒ«sxmsÈíÁª«sVV) ª«sLRiNRPV ªyùzmsLiÀÁ¸R…VVƒ«sõ„s. @Li»R½ª«sLRiNRPV ‡ÁµôðR…ÒÁª«soÌÁV DLiµR…VLRiV (81). @xqs»R½ùª«sVV, @aRPVÀÁ, z¤¦¦¦Lixqs, ¬sLôRi¸R…V @ƒ«sV ƒyÌæÁV FyµR…ª«sVVÌÁV NRPÖæÁƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, N][Ljiƒ«s LRiWxmsª«sVVƒ«sV µ³R…LjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV (82), ƒyzqsòNRP»R½¹¸…[V ®ƒs[ú»R½ª«sVVÌÁVgS NRPÖæÁƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, µR…VxtísQ xqsLigRiª«sVV»][ xqsLS*µy ®ªs[µR…„sLRiVµôR…ª«sVVgS aRPÕôÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, úN][µ³R…®ªs[V aRPXLigRiª«sVVÌÁVgS NRPÖÁgjiƒ«sÉíÓÁ¸R…VV, ƒ«sÌýÁ¬s LRiLigRiV gRiÌÁ „saSÌÁ\®ªsVƒ«s (83) @µ³R…LRiø ª«sVz¤¦¦¦xtsQª«sVVƒ«sV @µ³j…ztîsQLiÀÁ ¸R…VVƒ«sõ NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sV, xqs»R½ùª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV µ³R…LRiøª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV FyÉÓÁxqsWò bPª«so¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVÈÁÍÜ[ »R½»R½öLRiVÌÁgRiV ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V »R½LjiLi¿ÁµR…LRiV (84).

»R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li ª«sXxtsQ˳Ü[ µ³R…L][ø ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁLRiù xqs*LRiWxmsµ³R…XN`P e xqs»yùµj… FyµR…¸R…VVNRPòxqsVò bPª«sÍÜ[NSúgRi»R½M zqós»R½M ee 85

ORPQª«sW aRPXLigRiM aRPª«sVM úa][ú»][ ®ªs[µR… µ³R…*¬s „s˳ÏÁWztsQ»R½M e AzqsòNRPù ¿RÁORPV LjiõaS+Q*xqs gRiVLRiV ‡ÁVµ³ôj… ª«sVƒy ª«sXxtsQM ee 86

úNTP¸R…Wµj… ª«sXxtsQË³Ø ÛÇìÁ[¸R…WM NSLRißصj…xtsv xqsLRi*µy e »R½Li úNTP¸R…Wª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁLi µ³R…LRiøLi NSÍؼd½»][sµ³j… ¼½xtîsQ¼½ ee 87

ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø „sxtñsv ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aSƒyLi xqs*ry*¸R…VVLôjiƒ«sª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ e »R½µR…WLôðRiQ*Li ƒ«s µj…ƒ«sLi LSú¼½ LRiõ ÇÁƒ«sø ª«sVLRißصj…NRPª±sV ee 88

NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV \|msƒ«s µ³R…LRiøª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVV NRPÌÁµR…V. ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁLRiù®ªs[V µy¬s xqs*LRiWxmsª«sVV. xqs»R½ù, af¿RÁ, @z¤¦¦¦Liry, µR…¸R…VÌÁV @ƒ«sV ƒyÌæÁV FyµR…ª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁ A µ³R…LRiø ª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVV bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV FsµR…VÈÁ ¬sÌÁ‡Á²T… ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV (85). µy¬sNTP ORPQª«sV¹¸…[V N]ª«sVVø. aRPª«sVª«sVV (BLiúµj…¸R…V¬súgRiª«sVV) úa][ú»R½ª«sVV. @µj… ®ªs[µR…µ³R…*¬s»][ úxmsNSbPLi¿RÁV¿RÁƒ«sõµj…. AzqsòNRPù®ªs[V µy¬s ®ƒs[ú»R½ª«sVV. g]xmsö ‡ÁVµôðj…¹¸…[V µy¬s ¬saS+Q*xqsª«sVV (86). úNTP¸R…W LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV ª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVVÌÁV xqsµy NSLRiß᪫sVVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V úxms¼½ztîsQ»R½ª«sVV\ÛÍÁ ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. A úNTP¸R…W LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV µ³R…LRiøª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVVƒ«sV NSÍؼd½»R½V²R…gRiV bPª«so²R…V @µ³j…ztîsQLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (87). ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø „sxtñsv ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiVÌÁ (NSLRiù) A¸R…VVLôS¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁNRPV µj…ƒ«sª«sV¬s }msLRiV. A NSÌÁ ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV\|msƒ«s µj…ƒ«sª«sVV, LSú¼½, ÇÁƒ«sø, ª«sVLRiß᪫sVV ®ªsVVµR…\ÛÍÁƒ«s„s ÛÍÁ[ª«so (88).

xmsoƒ«sM NSLRißá xqs»yùLi»yM NSLRißá ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßáxqsò´y e gRiLiµ³yµj… ˳ÏÁùxqsVò ˳ÏÁW¾»½[˳ÏÁùxqsòµR…WLôðRiQ*Li ¬sLjiø»yxqs=µy ee 89

xqsWORPQQø gRiLiµ³R… xqs*LRiWFy z¤¦¦¦ zqós»y ÍÜ[NSaRPè»R½VLôRiaRP e xmsoƒ«sM NSLRißá „suñ¡\lLiQQ* zqós»y ÍÜ[NSaRPè»R½VLôRiaRP ee 90

xmsoƒ«sM NSLRißá LRiVúµR…xqsù ÍÜ[NSuíy „sLiaRPNS ª«sV»yM e xmsoƒ«saRPè NSLRiâßá[aRPxqsù xtsQÈÁöLi¿yaRP»R½ò µR…WLôðRiQ*gSM ee 91

»R½»R½M xmsLRiLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁLRiù ÍÜ[NSÅÁùLi bPª«sxqsLiª«sV»R½»`½ e »R½\¾»½Qûª«s Çì؃«s\ZNPÍØ}qs xmsLi¿yª«sLRißá xqsLi¸R…VV¾»½[ ee 92

xmsLi¿RÁª«sVLi²R…ÌÁ xqsLi¸R…VVNRPòLi xmsLi¿RÁ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø NRPÍجs*»R½ª±sV e Aµj…aRPNTPò xqsª«sW¸R…VVNRPò ª«sWµj… ÖÁLigRiLi »R½V »R½ú»R½ \®ªs ee 93

ª«sVLRiÌÁ NSLRißá xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV NSLRißá ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ¹¸…VVNRPä ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁª«so. B„s gRiLiµ³yµj… ˳ÏÁW»R½ »R½ƒyøú»R½ÌÁ ƒ«sVLi²T… ¬sLjiøLixms‡Á²T… NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV \|msƒ«s gRiÌÁª«so (89). „dsÉÓÁ xqsLiÅÁù xmsµR…VƒyÌÁVgRiV. ª«sVLji¸R…VV, NSLRißá „sxtñsvª«so ¹¸…VVNRPä ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV xmsµR…VƒyÌÁVgRiV (90), NSLRißá LRiVúµR…V¬s ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV BLRi\®ªs Fs¬s„sVµj…, ªyÉÓÁNTP \|msƒ«s NSLRißá CaSƒ«sV¬s ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV G\Û˳Á ALRiV gRiÌÁª«so (91). A \|msƒ«s bPª«soƒ«sNRPV úzms¸R…V\®ªsVƒ«s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁLRiùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V. @¿RÁÈÁ®ƒs[ @LiVVµR…V úFyNSLRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s Çì؃«s\ZNPÍØxqsª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V (92), @LiVVµR…V ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁª«sVVÌÁ»][, @LiVVµR…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øNRPÎÏÁÌÁ»][, Aµj…aRPNTPò»][ NRPW²T…¸R…VVƒ«sõ Aµj…ÖÁLigRiª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V (93).

bPªyÌÁ¸R…VLi „sVµR…Li úF¡NRPòLi bPª«sxqsù xmsLRiª«sW»R½øƒ«sM e xmsLRiaRPNSòQù xqsª«sW¸R…VVNRPòxqsòQ\¾»½Qûª«s xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiM ee 94

xqsXztísQM zqós¼½aRPè xqsLi¥¦¦¦LRizqsòL][ ˳ت¯[%xmsùƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦M e xmsLi¿RÁNRPX»R½ù úxms„dsßãÜ[%r¢ xqsÀÁèµyƒ«sLiµR… „súgRix¤¦¦¦M ee 95

µ³yùƒ«sLi µ³R…LRiø xqs=µy ¸R…Vxqsù xqsµyƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦»R½»R½öLRiM e xqsª«sWµ³yùxqsƒ«s ª«sW{qsƒ«sM ry*»yøLS®ªsW „sLSÇÁ¾»½[ ee 96

»R½xqsù xqsLiµR…LRi+ƒ«sLi ryµ³R…ùLi NRPLRiøµ³yùƒyµj… Õ³ÁM úNRPª«sW»`½ e ¬s»yùµj… NRPLRiø¸R…VÇÁ ƒyÀÁè骫sNRPLRiø ª«sV¼½LRi÷鮪s[»`½ ee 97

úNTP¸R…Wµj… bPª«sNRPLRiø˳ÏÁùM bPªyÇì؃«sLi úxmsryµR…¹¸…[V»`½ e »R½µôR…LRi+ƒ«s gRi»yxqs=lLi[* ª«sVVNSò Gª«s ƒ«s xqsLiaRP¸R…VM ee 98

xmsLRiª«sW»R½ø ¸R…VgRiV bPª«so²R…V „sLSÑÁÛÍýÁ[ bPªyÌÁ¸R…Vª«sVV Bµj…¹¸…[V. xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiV²R…V xmsLSaRPNTPò»][ gRiW²T… B¿RÁÈÁ®ƒs[ ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV (94). xqsÀÁèµyƒ«sLiµR…LRiWxmso²R…gRiV bPª«so²R…V xqsXztísQ, zqós¼½, xqsLi¥¦¦¦LRi, ¼½L][µ³yƒ«s, @ƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁ®ƒs[ HµR…V ÇÁgRi»yäLRiùª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¬sLRi*z¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁVÈÁÍÜ[ xqsª«sVLóRiV²R…V (95). xqsLRi*NSÌÁª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV @ƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁVÈÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V »R½»R½öLRiV\®²…ƒ«s A bPª«so¬s ¬s»R½ù µ³R…LRiøª«sVV µ³yùƒ«sª«sVV. A¸R…Vƒ«s xqsª«sWµ³j… ¹¸…WgRiùª«sVgRiV Axqsƒ«sª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V Dxms„sxtísv\®²… A»yøLSª«sVV\®²… úxmsNSbPLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (96). ¬s»R½ù NRPLSøƒ«sVuîyƒ«sª«sVV, µ³yùƒ«sª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ªyÉÓÁ @˳Øùxqsª«sVV ª«sÌÁƒ«s úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS @ÉíÓÁ bPª«so¬s µR…Lji+Li¿RÁVÈÁ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«s®ªs[V. NSª«soƒ«s, ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R… bPªyLSµ³R…ƒy »R½»R½öLRiV²R…V NSª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (97). xmspÇÁ ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV bPª«sxqsLi‡ÁLiµ³j… NRPLRiøÌÁ ƒ«sƒ«sVztîsQLiÀÁ, ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R… bPª«sÇì؃«sª«sVVƒ«sV ryµ³j…Li¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. bPª«so¬s NRPXFyµR…XztísQNTP Fyú»R½V\ÛÍÁƒ«s ªyLRiLiµR…LRiV ®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sV F~Li®µ…µR…LRiƒ«sVÈÁÍÜ[ xqsLiµj…¸R…Vª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (98).

ª«sVVNTPò LS»R½ø xqs*LRiW}msßá ry*»yøLSª«sV»R½ø®ªs[Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ e úNTP¸R…W»R½F¡ ÇÁxms Çì؃«s µ³yùƒ«s µ³R…lLi[øxtsv xqsVzqós»R½M ee 99

bPxqsù µR…LRi+ƒ«sLi ÌÁËôðØ* ry*»yøLS ª«sV»R½*®ªs[Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ e ¸R…V´y LRi„sxqs=Q* NTPLRißØ µR…aRPVµôðj… ª«sVxms®ƒs[xtsQù¼½ ee 100

NRPXFy „s¿RÁORPQßá aRP+Li˳ÏÁVLRiÇì؃«s ª«sVƒ«s®ƒs[xtsQù¼½ e @Çì؃«s „s¬sª«sX»fò »R½V bPª«sÇì؃«sLi úxmsª«sLRiò¾»½[ ee 101

bPª«sÇì؃y»R½=Q* xqs*LRiWxms ª«sW»yø LSª«sV»R½*®ªs[VxtsQù¼½ e A»yøLSª«sV»R½* xqsLizqsµôð_ NRPX»R½NRPX»][ù ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM ee 102

ª«sVVNTPò ¸R…Vƒ«sgS A»R½øLRiWxmso\®²…, A»yøLSª«sVV\®²… DLi²R…VÈÁ¹¸…[V. NRPLRiøÌÁV, »R½xmsxqsV=, ÇÁxmsª«sVV, ry*µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV, µ³yùƒ«sª«sVV @ƒ«sV µ³R…LRiøª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV úaRPµôðR…gS A¿RÁLjiLi¿RÁV ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V (99). bPª«so¬s µR…LRi+ƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV, A»yøLSª«sV»R½*ª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. xqsWLRiVù²R…V »R½ƒ«s NTPLRiß᪫sVVÌÁ¿Á[ @aRPVÀÁ¬s »]ÌÁgjiLi¿RÁV ¼d½LRiVƒ«s (100), bPª«so²R…V »R½ƒ«s µR…¸R…W µR…XztísQ»][ @Çì؃«sª«sVVƒ«sV »]ÌÁgjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. @Çì؃«sª«sVV »]ÌÁgRigS®ƒs[ bPª«sÇì؃«sª«sVV úxmsª«sLjiòÌýÁVƒ«sV (101). ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V bPª«sÇì؃«sª«sVV ª«sÌÁƒ«s xqs*xqs*LRiWxmsª«sVVƒ«sV, A»yøLSª«sV»R½*ª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. A»R½ø ¸R…VLiµR…V LRi„sVLi¿RÁV Çìجs NRPX»yLóRiV²R…gRiVƒ«sV (102).

xmsoƒ«saRPè aRP»R½ÌÁZOP[Qßá ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßáM xmsµR…ª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè aRP»R½ÌÁZOP[Qßá „suñ¡M xmsµR…ª«sVªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 103

xmsoƒ«saRPè aRP»R½ÌÁZOP[Qßá LRiVúµR…xqsù xmsµR…ª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè aRP»R½ÌÁZOP[Qßá HaRP*LRiLi xmsµR…ª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 104

xmsoƒ«s\ZaPQQ誫sLi „s®µ³…[\®ƒsª«s ÇÁ}msƒ«s xqsVxqsª«sWz¤¦¦¦»R½M e bPª«sÍÜ[NSµj… ˳ÏÁW»R½Li z¤¦¦¦ NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sWªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 105

xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s N][ÉÓÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV, ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRP N][ÉÓÁ ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][ „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV (103), ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRP N][ÉÓÁ ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][ LRiVúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV, BLiN]NRP N][ÉÓÁ ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][ CaRP*LRiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (104). B®µ…[ „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS GNSúgRiª«sVgRiV ª«sVƒ«sxqsV=»][ BLiNRPƒ«sW ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sNRPV Aµj… ¸R…VLiµR…VLi²R…V NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (105).

NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPLi xmsLi¿RÁ ¿RÁúNRP®ªs[V\ZNPZNP[ƒ«s úNRP®ªsW»R½òlLi[ e xqsXztísQ®ªsWx¤¦Ý ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁúNRPLi ˳Ü[gRi®ªsW x¤¦Ý »R½V\®ªsxtñsQª«sª±sV ee 106

N][xms®ªsWx¤¦Ý L_úµR…¿RÁúNRPLi ú˳ÏÁª«sVßáLi \¿ÁaRP*LRiLi „sµR…VM e bPª«s¿RÁúNRPLi Çì؃«s®ªsWx¤¦Ý xmsLi¿RÁ¿RÁúNRPLi „sµR…VLRiV÷µ³yM ee 107

xmsoƒ«saRPè µR…aRPN][ÉÜ[ù z¤¦¦¦ NSLRißá ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßáM xmsµR…ª±sV e xmsoƒ«saRPè µR…aRPN][ÉØùz¤¦¦¦ »R½»R½öQ\®µ…aRP*LRiù ª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ ee 108

Gª«sLi úNRP®ªs[Vßá „suñy*®µ…[M xmsµR…Li ÌÁËôðØ* ª«sVx¤¦ÝÇÁxqsM e úNRP®ªs[Vßá »R½»R½öQ\®µ…aRP*LRiùLi ÌÁËôðØ* \¿Áª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½øƒ«sM ee 109

aRP»R½N][ÉÓÁ ª«sVƒ«sVLi ÇÁFyòQ* xmsLi¿][»R½òLRiª«sV»R½Li úµj…»R½M e bPª«sÍÜ[NRP ª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ xmsLi¿RÁª«sWª«sLRißصR…÷z¤¦¦¦M ee 110

NSÌÁ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V INRPµy¬s\|msƒ«s ª«sVLji¹¸…VVNRPÉÓÁ ¿]xmsöVƒ«s @LiVVµR…V ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁª«so. xqsXztísQ ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁV ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø¿RÁúNRPª«sVV, ˳Ü[gRi®ªsWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁV „sxtñsv ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV (106), N][xms ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁV LRiVúµR…¿RÁúNRPª«sVV, xqsLiryLRiª«sVVÍÜ[ ¼½LRiVgS²R…VÈÁ CaRP*LRi ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV, Çì؃«s®ªsWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁV bPª«s¿RÁúNRPª«sVV ®ªsLRizqs @LiVVµR…V ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVÌÁ¬s xmsLi²T…»R½VÌÁV ¿Á|msöµR…LRiV (107).

xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s xmsµj…N][ÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ NSLRiâßá[aRP*LRi ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (108). ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V B®µ…[ ¼d½LRiVƒ«s úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ª«sV¥¦¦¦ „sxtñsvróyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV, ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aSƒ«sV¬s róyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (109). xmsLi¿yORPQLki ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV úaRPµôðR…»][ ƒ«sWÈÁ @LiVVµR…V N][ÈýÁV ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[¬s @LiVVµR…ª«s úFyNSLRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ‡Á¸R…VÈÁ ƒ«sVLi²R…V rôðyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (110).

LSÇÁ»R½Li ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi »R½ú»R½ ƒ«sLiµk… xqsLiróyƒ«sª«sVV»R½òª«sVª±sV e »R½F¡ LRiWxmsaRPè ª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁxqsòQ\¾»½Qûª«s xmsLjiµR…XaRPù¾»½[ ee 111

xqsµ][ùÇØ»R½xqsù »R½»`½róyƒ«sLi xmsLi¿RÁª«sWª«sLRißáLi xmsLRiª±sV e ªyª«sV®µ…[ª«sxqsù ¿RÁ róyƒ«sLi ¿RÁ»R½VLôðSª«sLRißáLi xmsoƒ«sM ee 112

@|mnsWLRi¬sÌÁ¸R…VLi xmsaSè»`½ »R½X¼d½¸R…Wª«sLRißáLi xmsLRiª±sV e xmsoLRiVxtsQ\|qs#ùª«s ryLi‡Áxqsù µj…*¼d½¸R…Wª«sLRißáLi aRPV˳ÏÁª±sV ee 113

CaSƒ«sxqsù xmsLRi\|qs#ùª«s xmósª«sWª«sLRißáLi »R½»R½M e µ³yùƒ«s µ³R…LRiøxqsù ¿RÁ róyƒ«sLi xmsLi¿RÁª«sVLi ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi »R½»R½M ee 114

‡ÁÖÁƒy´R…xqsù xqsLiróyƒ«sLi »R½ú»R½ xmspLñSª«sVX»R½úxmsµR…ª±sV e ¿RÁ»R½VLóRiLi ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi xmsaSè ¿RÁèLiúµR…ZaP[ÅÁLRi ª«sVWLjiò ª«sV»`½ ee 115

@¿RÁÈÁ úZaP[xtîsQ\®ªsVƒ«s ®ªsLi²T… ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V. @µj…¹¸…[V ƒ«sLiµk…aRP*LRiV¬s rôðyƒ«sª«sVV. »R½F¡LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV ª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVV @¿RÁÈÁ®ƒs[ ¸R…VVLi²R…Vƒ«sV (111). A úZaP[xtîsQª«sVgRiV HµR…ª«s úFyNSLRiª«sVV xqsµ][ùÇØ»R½V¬s róyƒ«sª«sVV. ƒyÌæÁª«s úFyNSLRiª«sVV ªyª«sV®µ…[ª«so¬s róyƒ«sª«sVV (112). µy¬s »R½LRiVªy»R½ ƒ«sVLi®²…[ ª«sVW²R…ª«s úFyNSLRiª«sVV ryLi‡ÁV¬sµj… (113). »R½LRiVªy»R½ ƒ«sVLi®²…[ ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁ úFyNSLRiª«sVV CaSƒ«s®µ…[ª«so¬sµj…. @¿RÁÈÁ ƒ«sVLi²R…V @LiVVµR…ª«s ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV µ³yùƒ«sµ³R…LRiVø¬s róyƒ«sª«sVV (114). xmspLñRiª«sVgRiV Aƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV ¬s¿RÁVè ƒyÌæÁª«s ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV ‡ÁÖÁƒy´R…V¬sµj…. µy¬s ¸R…VLiµR…V ¿RÁLiúµR…ZaP[ÅÁLRiV¬s ª«sVWLjiò gRiÌÁµR…V (115).

r¡ª«sVxqsäLiµR…xqsù ¿RÁ róyƒ«sLi »R½X¼d½¸R…VLi ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi xmsLRiª±sV e µj…*¼d½¸R…VLi ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi ƒ«sX»R½ùLi ª«sVLi²R…xmsLi úFyx¤¦¦¦§LSzqsòNSM ee 116

úxms´R…ª«sVLi ª«sVWÌÁª«sW¸R…W¸R…WM róyƒ«sLi »R½\¾»½Qûª«s a][˳ÏÁƒ«sª±sV e »R½»R½M xmsLRiLi gRiLRi÷égRiXx¤¦¦¦Li ÖÁLigRiróyƒ«sLi xmsLRiLi aRPV˳ÏÁª±sV ee 117

ƒ«sLiµj… xqsLiróyƒ«s»R½M xmsaS胫sõ „sµR…VbP+ª«s \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª±sV e ƒ«sLiµk…aRP*L][ ‡Áz¤¦¦¦zqsòxtîsQ ƒ«söLi¿yORPQLRiª«sVVFyxqs¾»½[ ee 118

Gª«sLi gRiVLRiVúNRPª«sWÌýÁ‡ôÁLi ƒ«sLiµk…aS¿RÁè ª«sV¸R…W xmsoƒ«sM e »R½»R½M xmsLRiLi xqs* xqsLi®ªs[µR…ùLi bP®ªs[\®ƒsªyƒ«sV ˳؄s»R½ª±sV ee 119

bPª«sxqsù NRPXxms¸R…W ryOSQ ÀÁè骫sÍÜ[NRPxqsù \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª±sV e „sÇìØ»R½VLi aRPNRPù¾»½[ xqs\lLiQQ*LSõƒ«sù®´…[»yùx¤¦¦¦§LSzqsòNSM ee 120

ª«sVW²R…ª«s úZaP[xtîsQ ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV r¡ª«sVxqsäLiµR…V¬s rôðyƒ«sª«sVV. lLiLi²R…ª«s ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV ƒ«sX»R½ùª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sV¬s AzqsòNRPVÌÁV ¿ÁxmsöVµR…VLRiV (116). @¿RÁÈÁ®ƒs[ Dƒ«sõ @LiµR…\®ªsVƒ«s ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁ ª«sVLi²R…xmsª«sVV ª«sVWÌÁ ª«sW¸R…V ¹¸…VVNRPä róyƒ«sª«sVV. µy¬s »R½LRiVªy»R½ ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁ NRPLRiª«sVgRiV gRiLRi÷égRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V. µy¬s ¸R…VLiµR…V bPª«sÖÁLigRiª«sVV gRiÌÁµR…V (117). ƒ«sLiµk…aRP*LRiV¬s róyƒ«sª«sVV »R½LRiVªy»R½ DLi®²…[ bPª«so¬s \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª«sVV Fs\®ªsQ*Lji\ZNPƒ«sƒ«sW ¾»½ÖÁ¸R…VµR…V. ƒ«sLiµk…aRP*LRiV²R…V ‡Á¸R…VÈÁ NRPWLRiVèLi²T… xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s DFyxqsƒ«s ¿Á[¸R…VVƒ«sV (118). C Çì؃«sª«sVV ƒ«sLiµk…aRP*LRiV¬s ƒ«sVLi²T… ª«sW gRiVLRiVª«soƒ«sNRPV, A¸R…Vƒ«s ƒ«sVLi²T… ƒyNRPV xqsLiúNRP„sVLiÀÁƒ«sµj…. C \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª«sVV bPª«soƒ«sNRPV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ¾»½ÖÁ¸R…VVƒ«sV. @µj… bPª«so¬s¿Á[ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V @ƒ«sV˳ÏÁ„sLixms‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV (119). bPª«so¬s µR…¸R…V Dƒ«sõ¿][ bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ¹¸…VVNRPä \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª«sVV Fsª«sLji\ZNPƒ«sƒ«sW ¾»½ÖÁ¸R…VVÈÁ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«sª«sVgRiVƒ«s¬s AzqsòNRPVÌÁV ¿Á|msöµR…LRiV (120).

Gª«sLi úNRP®ªs[Vßá ª«sVVNSò xqsV=QùLS÷Qûx¤¦¦¦øßØ \®ªs ÑÁ¾»½[Liúµj…¸R…WM e @®ƒs[ùuyLi ¿RÁ úNRPª«sVLi ª«sZOP[QQù gRiµR…»R½M aRPXßáV»yµR…LS»`½ ee 121

gRiVLRiWxms®µ…[aSÇìØxmsùLi \®ªs ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßÔáƒyLi ƒ«s®ªsWLis»R½NRPª±sV e xmsLi¿yORPQLRiLi xmsLi¿RÁÌÁORPQ ª«sW¸R…VVxtsQùLi úxmsÇÁ}msµj…*µ³j…M ee 122

{qsòQû »y*xms ƒ«s¸R…VƒyLóRiLi »R½V xmsLi¿RÁÌÁORPQLi ÇÁ}ms»R½Vöƒ«sM e ª«sVLiú¾»½[ßá xmsoLRiVu¡ ˳ÏÁW»y* úNRPª«sWƒ«sVøQQN][ò ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[µR…V÷µ³R…M ee 123

ORPQQú¼½¸R…VM xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ORPQQú»R½»R½* ª«sVxms®ƒs[xtsQù¼½ e xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ORPQQú¼½¹¸…W úËØx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ ee 124

ÑÁ¾»½[Liúµj…¸R…VVÌÁgRiV úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÌÁV C ¼d½LRiVƒ«s úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sV F~Li®µ…µR…LRiV. B»R½LRiVÌÁV ®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…V úNRPª«sVª«sVVƒ«sV NRPW²R… ¿Á|msöµR…ƒ«sV. úaRPµôðR…»][ „sƒ«sV²R…V (121). úËØx¤¦¦¦øßá {qsòQûÌÁV gRiVLRiWxms®µ…[aRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…, 'ƒ«sª«sVM'»][ @Li»R½ª«sVgRiV „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV @¬s „sµ³j…. @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s ¹¸…VV²R…ÌÁ A¸R…VVxt<sv ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (122). ª«sVLRiÌÁ BLiN][ @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][, ª«sVLRiVÇÁƒ«søÍÜ[ {qsòQû»R½*ª«sVV »]ÌÁgji xmsoLRiVxtsv\®²…, „s®ªs[NTP\¹¸…V, úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ª«sVVNTPò¬s F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV (123). ORPQQú¼½¸R…VV²R…V @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][, ORPQQú¼½¸R…V»R½*ª«sVVƒ«sV „s²R…ƒy²T…, ª«sVLRiÌÁ HµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…gRiVƒ«sV (124).

ª«sVLiú»R½ zqsµôðj… LêRiFy\¿ÁQ誫s úNRPª«sWƒ«sVøQQN][ò ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM e \®ªsaRPùxqsVò xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá \®ªsaRPù»R½* ª«sVxms®ƒs[ xtsQù¼½ ee 125

xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ª«sVLiú»R½ ORPQQú¼½¸R…V D¿RÁù¾»½[ e xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ORPQ»R½òQû»R½*ª«sVxms®ƒs[xtsQù¼½ ee 126

xmsoƒ«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁÌÁZOP[Qßá ª«sVLiú»R½ ú‡Á¥¦¦¦ßá D¿RÁù¾»½[ e aRPWúµR…\ZaPQQ誫s ƒ«s®ªsWLi¾»½[ƒ«s xmsLi¿RÁ„saRPLi¼½ ÌÁORPQ»R½M ee 127

ª«sVLiú»R½ „súxms»R½* ª«sWxmsµR…ù xmsaSè¿RÁWèéúµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[µôj…*ÇÁM e ƒyLki ªy´R… ƒ«sL][ ªy´R… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßãÜ[ ªysƒ«sù Gª«s ªy ee 128

ƒ«s®ªsWLi»R½Li ªy ƒ«sª«sVM xmspLRi*ª«sW»R½LRiV xqs=LRi*µy ÇÁ}ms»`½ e

ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s ª«sVLiú»R½zqsµôðj…¬s F~Liµj… úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ª«sVVNRPVò²R…gRiVƒ«sV. \®ªsaRPVù²R…V @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s¿][, \®ªsaRPù»R½*ª«sVV »]ÌÁgRiVƒ«sV (125). ª«sVLRiÌÁ @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ ª«sVLiú»R½ ORPQQú¼½¸R…VV²R…ƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. ª«sVLRiÌÁ BLiN]NRP @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ ORPQQú¼½¸R…V»R½*ª«sVV »]ÌÁgRiVƒ«sV (126). ª«sVLRiÌÁ @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ ª«sVLiú»R½ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…ƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. aRPWúµR…V²R…V NRPW²R… BLRi\®ªs @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁ xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s 'ƒ«sª«sV'iM @Li»R½ª«sVgRiVƒ«sÈýÁV ÇÁzmsLiÀÁƒ«s¿][ (127), ª«sVLiú»R½ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßá»R½*ª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…, »R½LRiVªy»R½ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…gRiVƒ«sV. {qsòQû gS¬s xmsoLRiVxtsv²R…V gS¬s úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…V gS¬s, B»R½LRiV²R…V gS¬s (128), 'ƒ«sª«sVM'@Li»R½ª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V gS¬s, ª«sVVLiµR…V gS¬s DLi²R…Vƒ«sÈýÁV xmsLi¿yORPQLji¬s úaRPµôðR…»][ xqsLRi*NSÌÁª«sVVÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV..

ryµ³R…NRPM xmsLi¿RÁÌÁOSQLi¾»½[ bPª«sú{ms»R½ùLóRi®ªs[Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ ee 129

ª«sV¥¦¦¦Õ³Á}tsQNRPLi \®ƒs®ªs[µR…ùLi NRPX»y* ˳ÏÁNSòLiaRPè xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V»`½ e xmspÇÁ¸R…W bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù bPª«sM ú{ms»R½»R½L][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ ee 130

bPª«sxqsù bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù Û˳Á[µ³][ ƒyzqsò bPª¯[ z¤¦¦¦ xqsM e bPª«sxqs*LRiWxms ª«sVLiú»R½xqsù µ³yLRißØÀÁè骫s Gª«s z¤¦¦¦ ee 131

bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPò aRPLkilLi[ z¤¦¦¦ bP®ªs[ »R½»R½öLRi®ªsW ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e bPª«s˳ÏÁNSòM úNTP¸R…Wxqs=LS* ®ªs[µR… xqsLRi*úNTP¸R…WLi „sµR…VM ee 132

¸R…Wª«sµyùª«s ÀÁè骫sLi ª«sVLiú»R½Li ¹¸…[Vƒ«s ÇÁxmsòLi ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ úNRPª«sW»`½ e »yª«s\®µ…Q* bPª«sry¬sõµ³R…ùLi »R½zqsøƒ±s ®µ…[}¤¦¦¦ ƒ«s xqsLiaRP¸R…VM ee 133

ryµ³R…NRPV²R…V bPª«so¬s ú{ms¼½ N]LRiNRPV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V @LiVVµR…V ÌÁORPQÌÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVVƒ«sV xmspLjiò ¿Á[zqs (129), ª«sV¥¦¦¦Õ³Á}tsQNRPª«sVVƒ«sV, \®ƒs®ªs[µR…ùª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs, ˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s xmspÑÁLiÀÁƒ«s¿][, bPª«so²R…V „sVNTPäÖÁ xqsLi»R½zqsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV (130). bPª«soƒ«sNRPV, bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòƒ«sNRPV ¾»½[²y ÛÍÁ[µR…V. bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V bPª«so¬s xqs*LRiWxmsª«sVgRiV ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s bPª«so®²…[ ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV (131). bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s aRPLkiLRiª«sVVÍÜ[ bPª«so²R…V DLi²R…Vƒ«sV. NSƒ«s, bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s úaRPµôðR…»][ ALSµ³j…Li¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁNRPV ÍÝNTPNRP, \®ªsµj…NRP úNTP¸R…VÌÁ¬sõ¸R…VW ÇìØ»R½ª«sVVÛÍÁ[ (132). ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V FsLi»R½ @µ³j…NRPª«sVVgS bPª«sª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁVƒ¯[, @Li»R½ @µ³j…NRPª«sVVgS @»R½¬s ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÍÜ[ bPª«so¬s xqs¬sõµj… DLi²R…Vƒ«sƒ«sVÈÁÍÜ[ xqsLiµj…¸R…Vª«sVV ÛÍÁ[µR…V (133).

®µ…[„dsÖÁLigRiLi ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[úµR…WxmsLi bPª«s˳ÏÁNTPò zqsòQû¸R…Vxqsò´y e ¸R…Wª«sƒ«søLiú»R½Li ÇÁ}ms ®µô…[ªyùryòª«s»y=¬sõµ³R…ùª«sVzqsò z¤¦¦¦ ee 134

bPª«sLi xqsLixmspÇÁ¹¸…[Vµôk…ª«sWƒ«s=Q*¸R…VLi \®ªs bPª«sLRiWxms˳ØN`P e xqs*¸R…VLi \¿Áª«s bPª¯[ ˳ÏÁW»y* xmsLSLi aRPNTPòLi úxmsxmspÇÁ¹¸…[V»`½ ee 135

aRPNTPòLi ÛËÁ[LRiLi ¿RÁ ÖÁLigRiLi ¿RÁ ¥¦¦¦ùÛÍÁ[ÆØù ª«sW¸R…V¸R…W ¸R…VÛÇÁ[»`½ e bPª«sÖÁLigRiLi bPª«sLi ª«sV»y* ry*»yøƒ«sLi aRPNTPòLRiWxmsNRPª±sV ee 136

bPª«sÖÁLigRiLi ƒyµR…LRiWxmsLi ÕÁLiµR…VLRiWxmsLi »R½V aRPNTPòNRPª±sV e Dxmsúxmsµ³yƒ«s ˳خªs[ƒ«s @ƒ¯[ùƒ«sùxqsNRPò ÖÁLigRiNRPª±sV ee 137

xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V¿RÁè bPª«sLi aRPNTPòLi xqs bPª¯[ ª«sVWÌÁ˳ت«sƒy»`½ e

bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòLSÌÁgRiV {qsòQû ®µ…[„ds xqs*LRiWxms ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV. A®ªsV FsLi»R½ @µ³j…NRPª«sVVgS bPª«sª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁzmsLi¿RÁVƒ¯[, A®ªsV ¸R…VLiµR…V ®µ…[„dsry¬sõµ³R…ùª«sVV @Li»R½ @µ³j…NRPª«sVVgS ƒ«sVLi²R…Vƒ«sV (134). ‡ÁVµôðj…ª«sVLi»R½V²R…V xqs*¸R…Vª«sVVgS bPª«sLRiWxmso\®²… bPª«so¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V »R½ƒ«sƒ«sV »yƒ«sV bPª«so¬sgS ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[zqs xmsLSaRPNTPò¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (135). ®µ…[„s¬s, bPª«so¬s ª«sVWLjiò¬s, ÖÁLigRiª«sVVƒ«sV, ª«sVLji¸R…VV bPª«so¬s ÀÁú»R½xmsÈÁª«sVVƒ«sV ¬sxtsQäxmsÈÁ ˳ت«sƒ«s»][ ALSµ³j…Li¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V »R½ƒ«sƒ«sV aRPNTPòLRiWxmsª«sVVgS ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[zqs, bPª«sÖÁLigRiª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V bPª«so¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (136). bPª«sÖÁLigRiª«sVV ƒyµR…LRiWxmsª«sVV. aRPNTPò ÕÁLiµR…VLRiWxmsª«sVV. bPª«saRPNRPVòÌÁV lLiLi²R…V, xmsLRixqsöLRiª«sVV úxmsµ³yƒ«s, gRiVßá (@úxmsµ³yƒ«s) ˳ت«sª«sVV»][ NRPÌÁzqs ¸R…VVLiµR…VLRiV (137). BÈýÁV bPª«so¬s, aRPNTPò¬s xmsoÑÁLi¿RÁV ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V, ª«sVWÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV ˳ت«sƒ«s ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s, bPª«sxqs*LRiWxmso²R…gRiVƒ«sV.

bPª«s˳ÏÁNSòƒ±s bPª«sª«sVLiú»R½ LRiWxmsNSƒ±s bPª«sLRiWxmsNSƒ±s ee 138

u¡²R…\ZaPLRiVxms¿y\lLiaRPè xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V µj…xtísQª«sWxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e ¹¸…[Vƒ«s aRPVúaRPWxtsQßØ\®µ…QùaRPè bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù ÖÁLigjiƒ«sM ee 139

Aƒ«sLiµR…Li ÇÁƒ«s¹¸…[V µj…*µy*ƒ±s bPª«sM ú{ms»R½»R½L][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e bPª«s˳ÏÁNSòƒ±s xqsxms¼d½õNSƒ±s xms»yõQQù xqsx¤¦¦¦ xqsª«sWµR…LS»`½ ee 140

xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V µ][÷éÇÁƒy\®µ…QùaRPè xmsLi¿RÁ ªy µR…aRP ªy aRP»R½LRiª±sV e µ³R…®ƒs[ ®µ…[}¤¦¦¦ ¿RÁ ª«sVLiú¾»½[ ¿RÁ ˳ت«sƒy¸R…W ª«sVª«sLi¿RÁNRPM ee 141

bPª«saRPNTPò xqs*LRiW}msßá ƒ«s xmsoƒ«sLêS¸R…V¾»½[ ˳ÏÁV„se

bPª«sª«sVLiú»R½ ˳ت«sƒ«s¿Á[ bPª«sxqs*LRiWxmso\ÛÍÁƒ«s bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV (138), u¡²R…a][xms¿yLRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁV ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V @Õ³dÁxtísQª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. „sµy*LixqsV²R…V bPª«sxqs*LRiWxmso²R…gRiV bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòƒ«sNRPV aRPVúaRPWxtsQ ¿Á[zqs (139), Aƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV NRPÖÁgjiLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @ÈýÁV ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s bPª«so²R…V „sVNTPäÖÁ xqsLi»R½zqsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V ˳ØLRiù»][ gRiW²T… ˳ØLSùxqs®ªs[V»R½VÌÁgRiV bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV AµR…ª«sVLRiª«sVV»][ (140), @LiVVµR…VgRiVLji¬s, gS¬s, xmsµj…ª«sVLiµj…¬s gS¬s, ÛÍÁ[NRP ª«sLiµR…ª«sVLiµj…¬s gS¬s ˳Ü[ÇÁƒyµR…VÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. µ³R…ƒ«sª«sVVÍÜ[ gS¬s, NS¸R…VNRPxtísQª«sVVÍÜ[ gS¬s, ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÍÜ[ gS¬s, ˳ت«sƒ«s ¸R…VLiµR…V gS¬s ÍÜ[ÈÁV LS¬ds¸R…VNRPW²R…µR…V (141). @ÉíÓÁ ˳ÏÁNRPVò²R…V bPª«saRPNTPò xqs*LRiWxmso\®²… ˳ÏÁWÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ƒ«sLiµR…V ª«sVLRiÌÁ ÇÁ¬søLi¿RÁ²R…V.

ƒyÛ˳Á[LRiµ³][ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ˳ØgRiª«sWNRPLihRiLi „sxtñsv˳ØgRiNRPª±sV ee 142

ª«sVVÅÁLi ÖÁLigRi„sV¼½ úF¡NRPòLi bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPò aRPLkiLRiNRPª±sV e ª«sVX»yƒ±s µy¥¦¦¦µj… ¸R…VVNSòƒy* µy¥¦¦¦µj… LRiz¤¦¦¦»yƒ«søQX»yƒ±s ee 143

Dµôj…aRPù xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V µyµj… zms»R½LRiLi bPª«s®ªs[Vª«s z¤¦¦¦ e xmspÇØLi NRPX»y*µj… ª«sW»R½VaRPè bPª«s˳ÏÁNSòLiaRPè xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V»`½ ee 144

zms»R½XÍÜ[NRPLi xqsª«sWryµR…ù úNRPª«sWƒ«sVøQQN][ò ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«søQX»R½M e

bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s aRPLkiLRiª«sVVÍÜ[ FyµR…ª«sVV ƒ«sVLi²T… ƒyÕ³Á ª«sLRiNRPV ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø˳ØgRiª«sV¬s¸R…VV, ƒyÕ³Á ƒ«sVLi²T… NRPLihRiª«sVV ª«sNRPLRiV „sxtñsv˳ØgRiª«sV¬s¸R…VV (142), ª«sVVÅÁª«sVV ÖÁLigRiª«sV¬s¸R…VV ¿Áxmsö‡Á²T…ƒ«sµj…. ª«sVLRißÓáLiÀÁƒ«s ªy¬s ®µ…[x¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV µR…z¤¦¦¦LiÀÁƒy, ÛÍÁ[NRP ÅÁƒ«sƒyµR…VÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsƒy (143), @µj… zms»R½ ¸R…VgRiV bPª«so¬s, Aµj… ª«sW»R½ ¸R…VgRiV aRPNTPò¬s, bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV xmspÑÁLi¿RÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (144). @xmso²R…V ª«sVLRißÓáLiÀÁƒ«s ÒÁª«so²R…V zms»R½XÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~Liµj…, úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS ®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV.

úNTP¸R…W¸R…VVNRPò µR…aRP˳ÏÁùaRPè »R½F¡¸R…VVN][ò „sbPxtsQù¾»½[ ee 145

»R½F¡¸R…VVNRPò aRP##¾»½[˳ÏÁùaRPè ÇÁxms¸R…VVN][ò „sbPxtsQù¾»½[ e ÇÁxms¸R…VVNRPò xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qs ˳ÏÁùM bPª«sÇìجds „sbPxtsQù¾»½[ ee 146

bPª«sÇìجsxtsv ÌÁZOP[Qxtsv µ³yùƒ«s¸R…VVN][ò „sbPxtsQù¾»½[ e µ³yùƒ«s¸R…VVZNP[òxtsv N][ÉÓÁ˳ÏÁùM xqsª«sWµ³j…ró¡ „sbPxtsQù¾»½[ ee 147

D»R½òL][»R½òLRi \®ªsbPuíyù »R½WöÇظR…W ª«sVV»R½òL][»R½òLRiª±sV e xmnsÌÁLi \®ªsbPxtísQùLRiWxmsLi ¿RÁ µR…VLji*ÛÇìÁ[¸R…VLi ª«sV¬dsztsQÕ³ÁM ee 148

»R½ryøQ\®µ…Q* bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sWƒ«sLi ®ªs[¼½ò N][ ƒ«sLRiM e

ª«sVLiÀÁ NRPLRiøÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VV xmsµj…ª«sVLiµj… NRPLiÛÉÁ »R½xmsxqsV= ¿Á[¸R…VV ªy²R…V ®ªs[VÌÁV (145). ª«sLiµR…ª«sVLiµj… »R½F¡¬sxtîsvÌÁ NRPLiÛÉÁ ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy²R…V ®ªs[VÌÁV; ®ªs[LiVV ª«sVLiµj… ÇÁxmsª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVªyLji NRPLiÛÉÁ bPª«sÇì؃«sª«sVV gRiÌÁªy²R…V ®ªs[VÌÁV (146). ÌÁORPQª«sVLiµj… bPª«sÇì؃«sVÌÁ NRPLiÛÉÁ µ³yùƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy²R…V ®ªs[VÌÁV. N][ÉÓÁ ª«sVLiµj… µ³yùƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVªyLji NRPLiÛÉÁ xqsª«sWµ³j… ¸R…VLiµR…VLi²R…V ªy²R…V ®ªs[VÌÁV (147). „dsLjiÍÜ[ úNRPª«sVª«sVVgS D»R½òL][»R½òLRiª«sVVgS ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sV |msLRiVgRiVƒ«sV. ªyLji¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s NRPÌÁVgRiV ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmnsÌÁª«sVV „sµy*LixqsVÌÁ ‡ÁVµôðj…NTP NRPW²R… @LiµR…µR…V (148). bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sVƒ«sV ¾»½ÖÁ¸R…VgRiÌÁªylLiª«s*LRiV?

bPª«saRPN][òQùM xmspÇÁƒ«sLi ¿RÁ bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPòxqsù xmspÇÁƒ«sª±sV ee 149

NRPVLRiV¾»½[ ¹¸…W ƒ«sL][ ˳ÏÁNSòQù xqs bPª«s bP+ª«s ®ªs[Vµ³R…¾»½[ e ¸R…V Bª«sVLi xmslhi[¾»½[sµ³yù¸R…V ª«sVLóRiª«s®µ…[*µR… xqsLiª«sV»R½ª±sV ee 150

bPª«sÇìجds ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ µj…*úxmsM bP®ªs[ƒ«s xqsx¤¦¦¦ ®ªsWµR…¾»½[ e úaSª«s¹¸…[VÀÁè骫s ˳ÏÁNSòLiaRPè „sZaP[xtsQÇìÜ[ ª«sVV¬dsaRP*LSM ee 151

bPª«súxmsryµR… zqsµôðj… ry=QùÀÁè骫sxqsù NRPXxms¸R…W ‡ÁVµ³yM ee 152

B¼½ $ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSâßá[ „s®µ…[ùaRP*LRi xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»y¸R…WLi xqsxmsòµR…a][sµ³yù¸R…VM (17).

bPª«s aRPNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV, ª«sVLji¸R…VV bPª«s ˳ÏÁNRPVò¬s xmspÑÁLi¿RÁV (149) ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V bPª«sxqs*LRiWxmso\®²… ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV gSLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. ®ªs[µR…»R½VùÌÁ\®ªsV gRiLiÕ³dÁLSLóRiª«sVVƒ«sV NRPÖÁgji¸R…VVƒ«sõ C Aµ³yù¸R…Vª«sVVƒ«sV xmshjiLi¿RÁV (150) úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…V bPª«sÇìجs\¹¸…V, bPª«so¬s»][ NRPW²T… Aƒ«sLiµj…Li¿RÁVƒ«sV. ª«sVV¬súZaP[xtîsvÍØLS! C @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVVÍÜ[¬s „sZaP[xtsQª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¹¸…VLjiLigjiƒ«s ª«sùQQNTPò bPª«s˳ÏÁNRPVòÌÁNRPV „s¬szmsLixmsª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV (151). J „sµy*LixqsVÍØLS! @ÉíÓÁªy¬sNTP bPª«so¬s µR…¸R…V NRPÖÁgji, bPª«so¬s @ƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVV zqsµôðj…Li¿RÁVƒ«sV (152).

$ bPª«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSß᪫sVVÍÜ[¬s „s®µ…[ùaRP*LRi xqsLiz¤¦¦¦»R½ ¸R…VLiµR…V xmsµj…}¤¦¦¦²R…ª«s @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV ª«sVVgjizqsƒ«sµj… (17).

Sri Sivamahapuranamu-I    Chapters