PATHANTARAS :

Different pathas, versions, variants.

PANIS :

Pani is a school or style of music.

SARABHA SASTRI :

Maha-Vaidyanatha Ayyar (1844 - 1893) and Konerirajapuram Vaidyanatha Ayyar (1878 - 1920) were great Carnatic vocalists. Sarabha SAstri (1872 - 1904) was a distinguished Carnatic flautist.

SANGATI :

Sangati means variation of a melodic line.

OR EIGHT ASTAKAS :

The Samhitas of all the four Vedas together have 20, 500 mantras.

- Ra Ga.

A TRUE INTERNATIONAL ANTHEM :

Sangacchadhvam samvadadhvam

Samvo manamsi janatam

Devabhagam yatha purve

Sanjanana upasate

Samano mantrahsamitissamani

Samanam manahsahacittamesak

Samanam mantramabhimantrayevah

Samanena vo havisa johomi

Samani va akutih

Samana hrdayani vah

Samanamastu vomano

Yathavahsusahasati

- Rg Veda, 10. 191. 2, 2 & 4.

RAJASUYA, ASVAMEDHA :

These terms are explained in Chapter 5, Part Nineteen.

DECLARED A HOLIDAY :

This is no longer the case today.

BY THE UTGATA :

The Samaveda Samhita contains the part called "Arcika " of the Rgveda, and the part called "Gana". Gana is subdivided into "krama gana", "aranya gana " and "uhya gana".

- Ra Ga.

OF VEDAS I AM THE SAMAVEDA :

Vedanam Samavedo'smi devanam asmi Vasavah

Indriyanam manascasmi bhutanam asmi cetana

- Bhagavadgita, 10. 22

SYAMASASTRI :

Syamasastri (1762 -1827) is one of the foremost vaggeyakaras of Carnatic music. A vaggeyakara (literally word-song maker )is one who not only creates the text of a song but also determines its musical form and content.

WALAJABAD :

Places in Tamil Nadu.

KOSALA :

Owing to the efforts made by the Paramaguru and Sri Jayendra Saraswati Svami, the study of the Atharvaveda has been revived in the South. Students from Tamil Nadu have been sent for this purpose to Sinor in Gujarat.

- Ra Ga.

WILL LEAD TO LIBERATION :

"Salvation" perhaps is the word more commonly used in Christianity in this context.

PHALA :

"Phala" means a fruit as well as the benefit gained; from may action or the result or reward of any work of endeavour.

MAHAKAVYAS :

The "mahavakya "are "great pronouncements", "great formulas ", "great dicta", found in the Upanasids.

HE SAYS TO ARJUNA :

Yam imam puspitam vacam pravadanti avipascitah

Vedavadaratah Partha nanyad asti ti vadinah

Kam'atmanah svarga-para janma-karma-phala-pradam

Kriya-visesa-bahulam bhog aisvara-gatim prati

Bhog'asivarya-prasaktanam taya'pahrta-cetasam

Vyavasay'atmika buddhih samadhau na vidhiyate

Traigaunya-visaya Veda nistraigunyo bhava'rjuna

NIrdvandvo nitya-sattvastho nirtogaksema Atmavan

- Bhagavadgita, 2. 42 - 45

KRSNA DECLARES :

Na Veda-yajnadhyayanair na danair

Na ca kriyabhir na tapobhir ugraih

Evam-rupah sakya aham nrloke

Drastum tvad-anyena Kurapravira

Ibid 11. 48

BRAHMINS WILL NO LONGER BE BRAHMINS :

Brahma tam paradat yo'nyatratmano Brahma veda : Ksatram tam paradat, yo'nyatratmanah

Ksatram veda:lokastam paraduh, yo'nyatratmano lokan veda; devastam paraduh, yo'nyatratmano devan veda; Vedastam paraduh, yo'nyatratmano bhutani veda; sarvam tam paradat, yo'nyatratmahah sarvam veda; idam Brahma, idam Ksatram, ime lokah, ime devah, ime Vedah, imani bhutani, idam sarvam, yad ayam, Atma

-Brhdaranyaka Upanasid, 4. 5. 7

GITA :

Evam bahuvidha yajna vitata Brahmano mukhe

Karmajan viddhi tan sarvan evam jnatva vimoksyase

Sreyan dravyamayad yajnajjnana-yajnah paramtapa

Sarvam karm'akhilam Partha jnane parisamapyate

- Bhagavadgita, 4. 32-33

IN ONE ANOTHER :

Brahm'arpanam Brahmahavir Brahm'agnau Brahmana hutam

Brahmai'va tana gantavyam Brahma-karma-samadhina

Daivam ev'apare yajnam yoginah paryupasate

Brahm'agnavapare yajnam yajnen'ai'vo'pajuhvati

Srotradini'ndriyanyanye samyam'agnisu juhvati

Sabdadinvisayan anya indriy'agnisu juhvati

Sarvani'ndriya- karmani prana-karmani ca'pare

Atma-samyana-yog'agnou juhvati jnana-dipite

- Ibid 4. 24-27

IT COMMENCES WITH THE STATEMENT :

Isavasyamidam sarvam yatkinca jagatyam jagat

Tena tyaktena bhunjitha ma grdhah kasyasviddhanam

Kurvanneveha karmani jijivisecchatam samah

Evam tvayi nanyatheto'sti na karma lipyate nare

--- Isavasya Upanasid 1 & 2

PARAVIDYA :

Higher knowledge

APARA VIDYA :

Lower knowledge

APARAVIDYA :

Tatrapara Rgvedo Yajurvedah Samavedoh'tharvavedah Siksa Kalpo Vyakarnam Niruktam Chando Jyotisam iti. Atha para yaya tadaksaram-adhigamyate

- Mundaka Upanasid 1. 1. 5

HE IS LIKE A PASU :

Brahma va idam agra asit. tadatmanam evavedaham Brahmasmiti :tasmat tat sarvam abhavat. tad yo yo devanam pratyabudhayata, sa eva tad abbhavat, tatharsinam, tatha manusyanam, taddhaitat pasyan rsir Vamadevah pratipede, aham Manur abhavam, Suryasceti, tad idam api etarhi ya evam veda, aham Brahmasmiti sa idam sarvam bhavati; tasya ha na devasca nabhutya isate, Atmahyesam sa bhavati. Atha yo anyam devatam upaste, anyo'savanyo'ham asmiti, na sa veda; yatha-pasur, evam sa devanam; yatha ha vair bahavah pasavo manusyam bhunjyuh, evam ekaikah puruso devan bhunakti; ekasminneva pasavadiyamane'priyam bhavati, kimu bahusu? Tasmad esam tan na priyam yad etan manusya vidyuh.

_ Brhadaranyaka Upanasid, 1. 4. 10

TAITTIRIYA UPANISAD :

Bhisasmad vatah pavate, bhisodeti suryah, bhisasmad agniscendrasca, mriyur dhavati pancama iti.

Saisanandasya mimamsa bhavati;

Yuva syat sadhu yuvadhyayakah asistho drdhistho balisthah, tasyeyam prthivi sarva vittasya purna syat, sa eko manusa anandah te ye satam manusa anandah, sa eko manusya-gandharvanam anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam manusya gandharvanam anandah sa eko deva-gandharvanam anandah, srotriyssya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam deva-gandharvanam anandah sa ekah pitrnam cira-loka-lokanam anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam pitrnam cira-loka-lokanam anandah, sa eka ajanajanam devanam anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam ajanajanam devanam anandah. sa ekah karmadevanam devanam anandah ye karmana devan apiyanti, srotriyasya cakamahasya;

Te ye satam karma-devanam devanam anandah, sa eko devanam anandah, srotriyssya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam devanam anandah, sa eka Indrasyanandah, srotiyssya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam Indrasyanandah, sa eko Brhaspater anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam Brhaspater anandah, sa ekah Prajapater anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Te ye satam Prajapater anandah, sa eko Brahmana anandah, srotriyasya cakamahatasya;

Sa yascayam puruse, yas casavaditye sa ekah, sa ya evamvit asmallokat pretya, etam annamayam Atmanam upasamkramati, etam pranamayam Atmanan upasamkramati, etam anandamayam Atmanam upasamkramati

Tadapi esa sloko bhavati

- Taittiriya Upanasid, 2. 8. 1

BRHADARANYAKA UPANISAD :

Sa yo manusyanam raddhahsamrddho bhavati, anyasam adhipatih, sarvair manusyakair bhogaih sampannatamah, sa manusyanam paramanandah; atha ye satam manusyanam anandah, sa ekah pitrnam jitalokanam anandah; atha ye satam pitrnam jitalokanam anandah sa eko gandharvaloka anandah; atha ye satam gandharvaloka anandah. sa eka karma-ddvanam anandah, ye karmana devatvam abhisampadyante; atha ye satam karma-devanam anandah, sa eka ajana-devanam anandah, yasca srotriyo'vrjino'kama-hatah; atha ye satam ajana-devanam anandah. sa ekah Prajapatiloka anandah, yasca srotriyo'vrjino'kama-hatah :atha ye satam Prajapatilika anandah, sa eko Brahmaloka anandah, yasca srotriyo'vrjino'kama-hatah: athaisa eva paramanandah; yasca srotriyo'vrjino kama-katah; athaisa eva paramanandah. Esa Brahmalokah, samrad, iti hovaca Yajnavalkyah. So'ham Bhagavate sahasram dadami; ata urdhvam vimoksayaiva br; uhiti. Atra ha Yajnavalkyo bibhatam cakara; medhavi raja, sarvebhyo mantebhya udarautsid iti.

- Brhadaranyaka Upanasid, 4. 3. 33

WHO REALISE THE SELF :

See note 10 above.

ISAVASYOPANISAD :

Or, simply Isa Upanasid

HE DOES NOT KNOW KNOWS :

Yadi manyase suvedeti dabhramevapi nunam tvam vettha Brahmano rupam yadasya

tvam yadasya ca devesvatha nu mimamsyameva te manye viditam

Naha manye suvedeti no na vedeti veda ca

Yo nastadveda tadveda no na vedeti veda ca

Yasyamatam tasya matam matam yasya na veda sah

avijnatam vijanatam vijnatamavijanatam

- Kenopanasid, 2. 1, 2 & 3

KATHOPANISAD -1:

Angusthamatrah puruso'ntaratma sada jananam hrdaye sannivistah. Tam svacchariratpravrhenmunjadivesikam dhairyena tam vidyacchukramamrtam tam vidyacchukramamrtam iti

- Kathopanasid - 6. 18

SAME IDEA IN THE GITA :

Saknoti'hai'va yah sodhum prak sarira-vimoksanat

Kama-krodh'odbhavam vegam sa; yuktah sa sakhi narah

- Bhagavadgita. 5. 23

CHANDOGYA UPANISAD :

Maghavanmartyam va idam sariramattam mrtyunatad-

asyamrtasyasarirasyatmano'shisthanamatto vai sasarirah priyapriyabhyam, na vai sasarirasya satah priyapriyayorapahatirastyasariram vava santam na priyapriye sprsatah

- Chandogya Upanisad. 8. 12. 1

KATHOPANISAD-2 :

Uttisthata jagrata prapya varan nibodhata. Ksurasya dhara nisita duratyaya durgam pathastatkavayo vadanti.

- Kathopanisad, 3. 14

THERE IS THE MANTRA :

Nayamatma pravacanena labhyo na medhaya na bahuna srutena.

Yamevaisa vrnute tena labhyastasyaisa Atma vivrnute tanum svam

- Ibid 2. 23

IS ANOTHER :

Atmanam rathinam viddhi sariram ratham eva tu

Buddhim tu sarathim viddhi manah pragraham eva ca

-Ibid 3. 3

LIKE A THUMB OF LIGHT :

Angusthamatrah puruso madhya Atamani tistahti. . Isano bhutabhavyasya natato vijugupsate. Etadvai tat.

Angusthatmatrah purusojyotirivadhumakah. Isano bhutabhavyasya sa evadya sa u sva etadvai tat.

- Ibid 4. 12 & 13

THEN THERE IS THE MANTRA :

Na tatra suryo bhati na candra-tarakam nema vidyuto bhati kuto'yam agnih. Tameva bhantamanubhati sarvam tasya bhasa sarvamidam vibhati.

- Ibid 6. 1

OR WORLDLY EXISTENCE:

Urdhvamuto'rvaksakhah eso'svatthah sanatanah. Tadeva sukram tadbrahma tadevamrtam ucyate

- Ibid, 6, 1.

AKSARA :

"Aksara" also means a letter or syllable.

PANCAKSARA, ASTAKSARA :

"Pancaksara" and "Astaksara" are mantras with five and eight syllable respectively ("Namah Sivaya"; "Om Namo Narayanaya ").

MUNDAKOPANISAD :

Pranavo dhanuh saro hyatma Brahma tallaksyamucyate. Apramattena veddhavyam saravattanmayo bhavet.

- Mundakopanasid, 2. 2. 3

PIPPALA TREE :

Dva suparna sayuja sakhaya samanam vrksam parisasvajate. Tayoranyah pippalamsvadvattyanasnannanyo abhicakasiti

- Ibid 3. 1. 1

SATYAMEVA JAYETE :

Satyameva jayatenanrtam satyena pantha vitto devayanah. Yenakrmantyrsyo hyaptakama yatra tatsatyasya paramam nidhanam

- Ibid 3. 1. 6

THE MANTRA :

Vedanta-vijnana-suniscitarthah sannyasa-yogadyatayah suddhasattavah. Te Brahmalokesu parantakale paramrtah parimucyanti sarve.

- Ibid 3. 2. 6

PURNA KUMBHA :

It is customary to receive acaryas and other distingushed men with a purna-kumbha, a pot or jar filled with water and decorated with mango leaves, darbha grass, etc.

JNANIN THUS:

Yatha-nadyah syandamanah samudre'stam gacchanti nama-rupe vihaya. Tatha vidvannamarupadvimuktah paratparam purusamupaiti divyam.

- Mundakopanisad, 3. . 2. 8

SIVO'DVAITA :

Amatrascaturtho'vyavaharyah prapancopasamah Sivo'dvaita evamonkara Atmaiva samvisatyatmana'tmanam ya evam veda ya evam veda

- Mandukyopanisad, 12

AVAHANTI HOMA:

Avahanti vitanvana kurvana ciramatmanah.Vasamsi mama gavasca.Annapane ca sarvada.Tato me sriyamavaha.Lomasam pasubhih saha svaha.A mayantu brahmacarinah svaha.Vi mayantu brahmacarinah svaha.Pra mayantu brahmacarinah svaha.Da mayantu brahmacarinah svaha. Sa mayantu brahmacarinah svaha.

--Taittiriya Upanisad ,1.4.2

ATMA-SVARAJYA:

Suvarityaditye, maha iti Brahmani, apnoti svarajyam apnoti manasaspatim, vakpatiscaksuspatih, srotrapatih, vijnajapatih, etat tato bhavait, akasasariram Brahma. satyatmapranaramam mana anandam. Santi samrddhamamrtam iti pracinayogyopasva.

- Ibid, 1. 6. 2

IN THIS UPANISAD :

Vedamanucyacaryo'ntevasinam anusasti. Satyam vada, dharmam cara, svadhyayan ma pramadah, acaryaya priyam dhanam ahrtya prajatantum ma vyvacchetsih. Satyanna pramaditavyam, dharmanna pramaditavyam kusalanna pramaditavyam, bhutyai na pramaditavyam, svadhyaya-pravacanabhyam na pramaditavyam, deva-pitr-karyabhyam na pramaditavyam

Matrdevo bhava, pitrdevo bhava, acarya-devo bhava, atithi-devo bhava, yanyanavadyani karmani tani sevitavyani, no itarani, yanyasmakam sucaritani tani tvayopasyani, no itarani.

Ye ke casmaccchreyamso Brahmanah. Tesam tvayasanena prasvasitavyam. Srddhaya deyam. asraddhaya'deyam, sriya deyam, hriya deyam, bhiya deyam, samvida deyam.

- Ibid 1. 11. 1, 2 & 3

GREATER THAN THE PREVIOUS ONE :

See notes appended to Chapter 32 of this part.

YATO VACO :

Yato vaco nivarttante, aprapya manasasaha, anandam Brahmano vidvan, na bibheti kutascaneti. Etam ha vava na tapati, kim aham sadhu nakaravam kimaham papam akaravamiti, sa ya evam vidvanete Atamanam sprnute. Ubhe hyevaisa ete Atmanam sprnute, ya evam veda, ityupanisat.

Taittiriya Upanisad, 2. 9. 1

ARE ADMONISHED :

Annam na nindyat. Tad vratam, Prano va annam, sariram annadam. Prane sariram pratisthitam, sarire pranah pratisthitah, tadetadannamanne pratisthitam. Sa ya etadannamanne pratisthitam veda pratitisthati, annavanannado bhavati, mahan bhavati, prajaya pasubhir Brahma-varcasena mahan kirtya

- Ibid, 3. 7. 1

THE ONE WHO EATS IT:

Aham annam aham annam aham annam; ahamannado' hamannado'ham annadah; aham slokakrdaham slokakrdaham slokakrt; aham asmi prathamaja rtasya, purvam devebhyo amrtasya nabhayi, yoma dadati, sa id eva ma, vah, aham annam annamadantam admi, aham visvm bhuvanam abhyabhavam, suvarna jyotih. Ya evam veda ityupanisat.

Ibid, concluding mantra.

RGVEDA:

Esa Brahmaisa Indrah. Esa Prajapatirete sarve deva imani ca pancamahabhutani prtivivayurakasa apojotimsityetanimani ca ksudremisraniva bijanitarani cetarani candajani ca jarujani ca svedajani codbjijjani casva gavah purusa hastino yatkimvedam prani jamgamam ca patatri ca yacca sthavaram sarvam tatprajnanetram prajnane pratisthitam prajnanetro lokah prajna pratistha.

Prajnanam Brahma

- Aitareya Upanisad, 3. 1. 3

SAMAVEDA :

Sa ya eso'nimaitadatmyamidam sarvam tatsatyam sa Atma TAttvamasi Svetaketo iti bhuya-eva ma Bhagavan vijnapayitviti tatha somyeti hovaca

Chandogyapanisad, 6. 8. 7

LIKE HONEY TO THE WORLD :

Iyam prthivi sarvesam bhutanam madhu, asyai prthivyai sarvani bhutani madhy; yascayam asyam prthivyam tejomayo'mrtamayah purusah, yascayam adhyatmam sarirastejomayao'mrtamayah purusah, ayam eva sa yo'yam Atna, idam amrtam, idam amrtam, idam Brahma, idam sarvam.

- Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, 2. 5. 1

NETI, NETI :

Sa va esa mahanaja. Atma yo'yam vijnajamyah pranesu ya eso'ntarhrdaya akasastasminchete sarvasya vasi sarvasyesanah sarvasyadhipatih sa na sadhuna karmana bhuyanno evasadhuna kaniyanesa sarvesvara esa bhutadhipatiresa bhutapala esa seturvidharana esam Jokanamasambhedaya tametam Vednuvacanena Brahmana vividisanti yajnene danena tapasa'nasakenaitameva viditva munirbhavatyetameva pravrajino lilamicchantah pravrajantyetadha sma vai tatpurve vidvamdah prajam na pravrajino lokamicchantah pravrajantyetaddha sma vai tatpurve vidvamsah prajam na kamayante kim prajaya karisyamo yesam no'yamatma'yam loka iti te he sam putraisanayasca vittaisanayasca lokaisanayasca vyutthayatha bhiksacaryam caranti ya hyeva putraisana sa vittaisana ya vittaisana sa likaisanobhe hyete esane eva bhavatah. Sa esa neti netyatma'grhyo na hi grhyate'siryo na hi siryate'sango na hi sajyate'sito na vyathate na risyatyetamu haivaite na tarata ityatah papamakaravamityatah kalyanamakaravamityubhe u haivaisa ete tarati nainam krtakrte tapatah

- Ibid, 4. 4. 22

YAJNAVALKYA TELLS JANAKA:

Salilom eko drastadvaito bhavati, esa Brahmalokah, samrad iti, hainam anusasasa Yajnavalkyah; esasya parama gatih, esasya parama sampadeso'sya paramo lokah, eso'sya parama anandah; etasyaivanandsasyanyani bhutani matram upajivanti.

- Ibid 4. 3. 32

UNITED WITH THE BRAHMAN :

Tad esa sloko bhavati :- Tad eva saktah saha karmanaiti lingam mano yatra nisaktam asya. Prapyantam karmanastasya yat kim ceha karotyayam. Tasmallokat pupnaraiti asmai lokaya karmana iti nu kamayamanah; athahkamayamanah, yo'kamo niskama apta-kama Atmakamo na tasya prana utkramanti, Brahmaiva sanbrahmapyeti

Tad esa sloko bhavati - Yada sarve paramucyante kama ye'sya hrdi sritah, Atha martyo'mrto bhavati, atra Brahma samasnute iti, tad yathahinirvlayani valmike mrta pratyasta sayita, evam evedam sariram sete. Athayam asariro'mrtah prano Brahmaiva, teja eva; so'ham Bhagavate sahasram dadami, iti hovaca Janako vaidehah

- Ibid 4. 4. 6 & 7

ALL ROUND HER :

Sucau caturnam jvalatam havirbhujam

Sucismita madhyagata sumadhyama

Vijitya netrapratighatinim prabha-

Mananyadrstih savitaramaiksata

Tathatitaptam saviturgabhastibhir-

Mukham tadiyam kamalasriyam dadhau

Apangayoh kevalamasya dirghayoh

Sanaih sanaih syamikaya krtam padam

- Kumarasambhavam, 5, 20 &21

KATHOPANISAD-3 :

Sarve Veda yatpadamamananti, taptamsi sarvani ca yad-vadanti; yadicchanto brahmacaryam caranti, tatte padam samgrahena bravimi Omityetad

- Kathopanisad, 2. 15

KNOWN BY ALL THE VEDAS :

See note 4 appended to Chapter 6 of this part.

KATHOPANISAD-4 :

Paranci khani vyatrnatsvayambhustasmatparan pasyati nantaratman. Kascid dhirah pratyagatmanamaiksadavrttacaksuramrtatvamicchan

- Kathopanisad, 4. 1

DOUBT IN THIS :

The reference is to liberation in this world itself, not in an unknown next world.

SPEAK TO YOU:

See Part Twelve.

BRAHDRANYAKA UPANISAD:

. . . . Atma va are drastavyah srotavyao mantavyo nididhyasitavyo, Maitreyyatmani khalvare drste, srute, mate, vijnate, idam sarvam viditam,

- Brhadaranyaka Upanisad, 4. 5. 6

TO BE A RELATIVE :

There is a custom in the South of a girl being married to her maternal uncle's or paternal aunt's son.

TATTVA :

The word is also used in the sense of a "principle". Literally, "tattva" may be understood as "thatness".

MIRRORS IN A ROW :

Parallel mirrors.

KENOPANISAD :

Tasyaisa adeso yadetadvidyuto vyadyutada iti tinyamimisada, ityadhidaivatam.

- Kenopoanisad, 4. 4

THAT WE KNOW :

". . . . . first speak about the dualism that we know": what is meant here is the fact that to our direct perception the phenomenal world appears divided and manifold. "The non-dualism we do not know" : it means that the oneness of all objects is not directly perceived or is not apparent.

THE SAME ENERGY :

The Paramaguru said many years before nuclear science had developed that countless objects were formed by different combination of two or more of the elements. He also observed that with further research scientists would discover that the source of all the elements would be the same. Is there any wonder that what he foresaw has come true.

- Ra Ga.

TIRUTTANI :

Tiruttani is Tamil Nadu is on the border of that state with Andhra Prades. Years ago when the states were reorganised there was a dispute over this town (it has a famous temple to Subrahmanya), the Andhras demanding its inclusion in their state and the Tamils refusing to yeild to the demand. (We must remember that the Paramaguru is speaking here to a Tamil audience. )

ISAVASYA SAYS :

Tadejati tannaijati taddure tadvadantike

Tadantarasya sarvasya tadu sarvasyasya bahyatah

Yastu sarvani bhutanyatmanyevanupasyati

Sarvabhutesu catmanam tato na vujugupsate

Yasmin sarvani bhutanyatmaivabhudvijanah

Tatra ko mohah kah soka ekatvamanupasyatah

Sa paryagacchukramakayamavranamasnaviram suddhamapapaviddham, Kavirmanisi paribhuh, svayambhurtathatathyato'rthan vyadadhacchasvatibhyah samabhyah

- Isavasya Upanisad, 5, 6, 7 & 8

VEDIC MOUNTAIN :

See Chapter 12 of this part.

STATED CLEARLY IN GITA :

Yatah pravrttir bhutanam yena sarvam idam tatam

Svakarmana tam abhyarcya siddhim vindati manavah

--- Bhagavadgita, 18.46

SAMSKARAS:

Described in detail in Part Sixteen

DATES BACK TO 5, 000 YEARS AGO :

The implication is that Vedavyasa lived during the same time.

TRIVEDI:

C. M. Trivedi.

NANMARAI JNANASAMBANDHAR :

"Jnanasambandhar who knows the four Vedas. "

TO PROMOTE VEDIC LEARNING:

The Kanci Matha under the inspiration of the Paramaguru himself started the scheme.

NAYAKAS :

The Nayakships of Tanjuvur and Madurai were established about the same time, in the 16th century.

KISTI :

"Kisti" is a tax on landed property.

OF ALL MANKIND :

See Part Seventeen.

SRI RUDRAM :

Vedic hymns.

VIRYAVATTARAM :

See Chapter 14 of this part.

NIRUKTA :

Part Nine deals with this Anga.

DAYANANDA SARASWATI :

Svami Dayanda Sarasvati (1824-83), reformer and founder of the "Arya Samaj". To him only the Vedas and the six darsanas (or systems of philosophy) mattered.

ARAVINDA GHOSE :

Sri Aurobindo (1872 - 1950) was patriot and revolutionary who turned to philosophy and mysticism. The asrama founded by him in Pondicerri (Pondicherry) is called Auroville.

SASTYABDAPURTI TRUST :

The Trust formed on the 60th birthday of the Paramaguru in 1954.

SIMANTA CEREMONY :

Dealt with in Chapter Sixteen.

IS MORE BENEFICIAL :

---- than performing them without knowing their meaning.

ALL OVER THE WORLD :

Perhaps what is meant is no more than a monarch who holds undisputed sway over a large kingdom.

SARDA ACT :

The Child Marriage Restraint Act came into force in 1929 mainly through the efforts of Harbilas Sarda. The Paramaguru speaks more on the subject when he comes to the marriage samskara, Part Eighteen. This discourse must have been given before the comprehensive new Hindu Code came into force.

BIGGER THAN A MUSTARD SEED :

In comparison with the vast government establishment.

KADAI SAMGAM :

The third and last Madurai academy which had 49 men of letters.

SUNDARESVARA :

Sundaresvara is Siva, the consort of Minaksi of the famous Madurai temple.

TRAVANCORE:

Now part of the state of Kerala.

UTTARAMERUR INSCRIPTION:

The Uttaramerur Inscriptions (tenth century A. D) show that the Colas had an advanced system of local self-government. The Paramguru has dealt with the subject in detail in one of his discourses and we hope to include it in a subsequent volume.