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J úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÍØLS! C \|msƒ«s zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁƒ«sV gRiVLjiLiÀÁ FsNRPV䪫s „sryòLRiª«sVV NSNRPVLi²R…gS ¿Á|msöµR…ƒ«sV. zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁNRPV róyƒ«sª«sVV ALRiV ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁV. C ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁV @®ƒs[ róyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V ªyLjiNTP @Õ³Áª«sWƒ«sª«sVV (ƒyµj… @®ƒs[ ˳ت«sƒ«s) gRiÌÁµR…V (44). NSª«soƒ«s, ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÛÍÁ[ zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV @gRiVµR…VLRi¬s ®ªs[µR…ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁÍÜ[ „sƒ«s‡Á²R…V¿RÁVƒ«sõµj…. ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiúFyßáVÌÁ¬sõ¸R…VV ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁ¸R…VLiµR…V ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ÇÁ¬søLi¿RÁV¿RÁVƒ«sõ„s (45). NSª«soƒ«s, C zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ALRiòª«soÌÁV (‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁ @Õ³Áª«sW¬s ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV) @¬s ®ªs[µR…ª«sVV ¿ÁxmsöV¿RÁVƒ«sõµj…. C „sµ³R…ª«sVVgS ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁV @®ƒs[ NSÍØLiaRPª«sVVÌÁNRPV @Õ³Áª«sW¬s ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁgRiV zms»R½LRiVÌÁÍÜ[ @gjiõuy*»R½VòÌÁV, ‡ÁL>jixtsQµR…VÌÁV @®ƒs[ lLiLi²R…V LRiNRPª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁLRi¬s ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<RiVÌÁV ¿Á|msöµR…LRiV. ®ªs[VxmnsVª«sVVÌÁ»][ NRPÖÁzqs DLi®²…[ C zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV A»R½øÇì؃«sª«sVV @®ƒs[ HaRP*LRiùª«sVV gRiÌÁ ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½VøÌÁV (46, 47). gRiXx¤¦¦¦xqósVÌÁgRiV A lLiLi²R…V LRiNRPª«sVVÌÁ zms»R½LRiVÌÁÍÜ[ lLiLi²R…ª«s ªyLRiV ¸R…VÇìÁ¸R…WgRiª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ¿Á[zqsƒ«sªyLRiV NSgS, ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁ ªyLRiV @ÈýÁV NSµR…V. zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁNRPV xqs*µ³R…¸R…VLiµR…V ÍÜ[NRPúxmsÆØù¼½¬s gSLiÀÁƒ«s BµôR…LRiV NRPVª«sWlLiòÌÁV NRPÖÁgjiLji (48). ®ªs[Vƒ«s, µ³R…LRißÓá @ƒ«sVƒ«s„s ªyLji }msLýRiV. ªyLjiµôR…LRiV C ÇÁgRi»R½Vòƒ«sLi»R½ƒ«sW ¬sÌÁÛËÁÉíÓÁƒyLRiV. ®ªs[Vƒ«s @gjiõuy*»R½VòÌÁ xmsoú¼½NRP NSgS, µ³R…LRißÓá ‡ÁL>jixtsQµR…VÌÁ xmsoú¼½NRP (49). z¤¦¦¦ª«sVª«sLi»R½V¬s ˳ØLRiù¸R…VgRiV ®ªs[Vƒ«s \®ªsVƒyNRPV²R…V, úN_Li¿RÁV²R…V @ƒ«sV xmsoú»R½VÌÁƒ«sV, g_Lji, gRiLigRi @®ƒs[ xmsoú¼½NRPÌÁƒ«sV NRP®ƒsƒ«sV. bPª«so¬s aRPLkiLRiª«sVVƒ«sV AÖÁLigRiƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ¿Á[ gRiLigRi Fyª«s¬s \¹¸…Vƒ«sµj… (50). ®ªs[VLRiVxmso¹¸…VVNRPä ˳ØLRiù¸R…VgRiV µ³R…LRißÓá µj…ª«sùª«sVgRiV JxtsQµ³R…VÌÁ»][ ¬sLi²T…¸R…VVƒ«sõªy²R…V, LRiLigRiV LRiLigRiVÌÁ @LiµR…\®ªsVƒ«s bPÅÁLRiª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁªy²R…V @gRiV ª«sVLiµR…LRiV¬s xmsoú»R½V¬sgS NRP®ƒsƒ«sV (51). a][˳ظR…VVNRPVò²R…V, ®ªs[VLRiVxmsoú»R½V²R…V @gRiV A ª«sVLiµR…LRiV®²…[ »R½xmsxqsV=¹¸…VVNRPä ‡ÁÌÁª«sVV¿Á[ NRPLihRiª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V „sxtsQª«sVVgRiÌÁ ÇÁgRiƒyõ´R…V²R…gRiV bPª«soƒ«sNRPV ryOSQ»R½VògS ¬sªyxqsróyƒ«s\®ªsVƒy²R…V (52). A µ³R…LRißÓá ª«sVLRiÌÁ ®ªs[ÌÁ, ¬s¸R…V¼½ ª«sVLji¸R…VV A¸R…V¼½ @®ƒs[ ª«sVVgæRiVLRiV ÍÜ[NRPúxmsÆØù¼½¬s gSLiÀÁƒ«s NRPƒ«sùÌÁƒ«sV NRP®ƒsƒ«sV (53). A¸R…V¼½, ¬s¸R…V¼½ @ƒ«sV ªyLjiµôR…LRiV ˳ÏÁXgRiVª«so¹¸…VVNRPä xmsoú»R½VÌÁNRPV BµôR…LjiNTP ˳ØLRiùÌÁV @LiVVƒyLRiV. ªyLji ª«sLiaRPª«sVVƒ«sV gRiVLjiLiÀÁ xmspLRi*ª«sVV ®ƒs[ƒ«sV ry*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁVª«s ª«sVƒ«s*Li»R½LRi úxmsxqsLigRiª«sVVÍÜ[ ¿Ázmsö¸R…VVLiÉÓÁ¬s (54).

xqsVxtsv®ªs[ rygRiLS®µ…[*ÍØ NRPƒyù®ªs[VNSª«sV¬sLiµj…»yª±sV e xqsª«sLñSLi ƒyª«sV ryª«sVVúµk…Li xms¼d½õLi úFyÀdÁƒ«s‡ÁL>jixtsQM ee 55

ryª«sVVúµk… xqsVxtsv®ªs[ xmsoú»yƒ±s µR…aRP úFyÀdÁƒ«s‡ÁL>jixtsQM e xqslLi[* úFy¿Á[»R½ry ƒyª«sV µ³R…ƒ«sVlLi[*µR…xqsù FyLRigSM ee 56

¹¸…[VuyLi ry*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁV®ªs[ µR…ORPQM xmsoú»R½»R½*ª«sVgRiª«sV»R½VöLS e ú¼½¸R…VLi‡ÁNRPxqsù aS}msƒ«s ¿yORPVxtsQryùLi»R½lLi[ ª«sVƒ¯[M ee 57

B¾»½[ù¾»½[ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øxmsoú»yßØLi µ³R…LSøµk…ƒyLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½øƒyª±sV e ƒy¼½xqsLiZOP[Qxms»][ „súFy ƒy¼½„sxqsòLRi»R½M úNRPª«sW»`½ee 58

ª«sLñji»y \®ªs ª«sV¸R…W ª«sLiaS µj…ªyù ®µ…[ª«sgRißجs*»yM e úNTP¸R…Wª«sLi»R½M úxmsÇت«sLi»][ ª«sVx¤¦¦¦LôðjiÕ³ÁLRiÌÁLiNRPX»yM ee 59

úxmsÇ؃yLi xqsLi¬s®ªs[a][%¸R…VLi úxmsÇØxms¼½xqsª«sVVµR…÷骫sM e ƒ«s z¤¦¦¦ aRPNRPùM úxmsxqsLiÆØù»R½VLi ª«sL<RiN][ÉÓÁaRP##\¾»½LRizms ee 60

LSÇìت«sVzms ¿RÁ ¹¸…W ª«sLia][ µj…*µ³y r¡%zms úxmsª«sLRiò»R½ e xqsWLRiùª«sLiaRPr¡=ª«sVª«sLiaRP B¼½ xmsoßáù»R½ª«sVM OTPQ»f ee 61

BOSQQ*NRPVLRiLi‡ÁLkixtsQaRPè ¸R…V¸R…W¼½LSõx¤¦¦¦§uyµR…¸R…VM e xmsoßáùaý][NSM úaRPV»y ¹¸…[V%ú»R½ ¾»½[%zms »R½µR…*LiaRPxqsLi˳ÏÁªyM ee 62

@®ƒs[ù ¿RÁ LSÇÁ‡ÁVVxtsQ¹¸…W ƒyƒy„dsLRiùxqsª«sV¬s*»yM e NTPLi \¾»½M xmnsÌÁª«sVƒ«sV»yäQûLiQ\¾»½LRiVNRPòxmsp\lLiQQ*M xmsoLS»R½\®ƒsM ee 63

NTPLi ¿Á[aRP*LRiNRP´yª«sX»fò ¸R…Vú»R½ »R½ú»yƒ«sùNUPLRiòƒ«sª±sV e ƒ«s xqsµj…÷éxqs=Liª«sV»R½Li ª«sV»y*ƒ¯[»R½= }¤¦¦¦ ‡Áx¤¦¦¦§ ˳ØztsQ»R½ª±sV ee 64

úxmsxqsLigSµk…aRP*LRi\|qs#ùª«s úxms˳ت«sµ][ù»R½ƒyµR…zms e xqsLæSµR…¹¸…W%zms NRP´j…»y B»R½ùú»R½ »R½»R½ûQö„sxqsòQ\lLiM ee 65

B¼½ $bPª«sª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSâßá[ ªy¸R…V„ds¸R…VxqsLiz¤¦¦¦»y¸R…WLi xmspLRi*˳Ølgi[ xqsXztísQNRP´R…ƒ«sLi ƒyª«sV xqsxmsòµR…a][%µ³yù¸R…VM (17)

®ªs[ÌÁ rygRiLRiV¬s»][ NRPÖÁzqs INRP xqsVLiµR…Lji¸R…VgRiV NRPƒ«sùƒ«sV NRP®ƒsƒ«sV. xqsª«sLñRi @®ƒs[ }msLRiVgRiÌÁ A xqsª«sVVúµR…xmsoú¼½ úFyÀdÁƒ«s‡ÁL>jixtsv¬s ˳ØLRiù @¹¸…Vƒ«sV (55). úFyÀdÁƒ«s‡ÁL>jixtsvƒ«sNRPV A xqsª«sVVúµR…xmsoú¼½¸R…VLiµR…V xmsµj… ª«sVLiµj… N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV NRPÖÁgjiLji. ªyLjiNTP úFy¿Á[»R½xqsVÌÁV @¬s }msLRiV. ªyLRiV µ³R…ƒ«sVlLi[*µR…ª«sVVÍÜ[ µj…ÈíÁÌÁV (56). ry*¸R…VLi˳ÏÁVª«sª«sVƒ«s*Li»R½LRiª«sVVÍÜ[¬s µR…ORPV²R…V bPª«so¬s aSxmsª«sVV ª«sÌÁƒ«s xmspLRi*ª«sVV ¿yORPVxtsQxtsQª«sVƒ«s*Li»R½LRiª«sVVÍÜ[ ªyLjiNTP xmsoú»R½V²R…V @¹¸…Vƒ«sV (57). J úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÍØLS! BLi»R½ª«sLRiNRPV „dsVNRPV C µ³R…LRiVø²R…V ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½VøÌÁ¹¸…VVNRPä ª«sX»yòLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV „sVNTPäÖÁ xqsLiZOP[Qxmsª«sVV NSNRPVLi²R…gS ª«sVLji¸R…VV @¼½„sryòLRiª«sVV NSNRPVLi²R…gS ª«sLRiVxqsgS ¿Ázmsö¼½¬s (58). ®µ…[ª«sgRiß᪫sVVÌÁ»][ NRPW²T…¸R…VVƒ«sõ„s, \®ªsµj…NRPNRPLSøƒ«sVuîyƒ«sª«sVV»][ NRPW²T…ƒ«s„s, xqsLi»yƒ«sª«sLi»R½ª«sVVÌÁV, g]xmsö ˳Ü[gRi˳ØgRiùª«sVVÌÁ»][ »R½VÌÁµR…WgRiVƒ«s„s @gRiV µj…ª«sùª«sLiaRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ®ƒs[ƒ«sV ª«sLñjiLiÀÁ ¿Ázmsö¼½¬s (59). úxmsÇØxms¼½ƒ«sVLi²T… xmsoÉíÓÁƒ«s C xqsLi»yƒ«sxqsª«sVWx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sLiµR…ÌÁ N][ÈýÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVVÌÁ NSÌÁª«sVVÍÜ[\®ƒsƒ«sƒ«sW ÅÁÀÁè»R½ª«sVVgS ÛÍÁNTPäLi¿RÁVÈÁ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«sª«sVV NSµR…V (60). ˳ÏÁWÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ „sVNTPäÖÁ xms„sú»R½\®ªsVƒ«s LSÇÁÙÌÁ ª«sLiaRPª«sVV NRPW²R… xqsWLRiùª«sLiaRPª«sVV, ¿RÁLiúµR…ª«sLiaRPª«sVV @®ƒs[ lLiLi²R…V aSÅÁÌÁƒ«sV NRPÖÁgji¸R…VVƒ«sõµj… (61). BOSQQ*NRPVª«so, @Li‡ÁLkixtsv²R…V, ƒ«sx¤¦¦¦§xtsv¬s xmsoú»R½V²R…gRiV ¸R…V¸R…W¼½ ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV xms„sú»R½NUPLjiò gRiÌÁ G LSÇÁÙÌÁV ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÍÜ[ úxmsÆØù¼½¬s gSLiÀÁ¸R…VVƒyõL][, ª«sVLji¸R…VV @®ƒs[NRPaRPNTPòryª«sVLóRiQùª«sVVÌÁV gRiÌÁ G B»R½LRiLSÇÁL<RiVÌÁV gRiÌÁL][, ªyLRiV NRPW²R… A ª«sLiaRPª«sVVÌÁNRPV ¿ÁLiµj…ƒ«sªylLi[. ª«sVLRißáLRiz¤¦¦¦»R½VÌÁgRiV A xmsoLS»R½ƒ«s¿RÁúNRPª«sLRiVòÌÁƒ«sV gRiVLjiLiÀÁ xmspLRi*ª«sVVÍÜ[ ¿Ázmsö¸R…VVLiÉÓÁ¬s. ª«sVLRiÌÁ ªyLji¬s gRiVLjiLiÀÁ ¿ÁxmsöVÈÁÍÜ[ xmnsÌÁ®ªs[V„sV gRiÌÁµR…V? (62, 63). BLi¾»½[ gSNRP, CaRP*LRiV¬s NRP´R…ƒ«sV ¿Á}msö xqsLiµR…LRi÷骫sVVÍÜ[ @®ƒs[NRPª«sVVÌÁgRiV B»R½LRi„sxtsQ¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV gRiVLjiLiÀÁ @µ³j…NRPúxmsxqsLigRiª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVÈÁ xqs»R½VöLRiVxtsvÌÁNRPV xqsª«sVø»R½ª«sVV NSËÜ[µR…¬s »R½ÌÁLiÀÁ ®ƒs[ƒ«sV A „sª«sLRiª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV D»y=x¤¦¦¦ª«sVV»][ ¿ÁxmsöVÈÁ ÛÍÁ[µR…V (64). CaRP*LRiV¬s ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sVƒ«sV NRPÎýÏÁNRPV NRPÉíÓÁƒ«sÈýÁV ª«sLñjiLi¿Á[ xqsLiµR…LRi÷骫sVVƒ«sV xmsoLRixqsäLjiLi¿RÁV N]¬s ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ®ƒs[ƒ«sV xqsXztísQ ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ªyÉÓÁ¬s gRiVLjiLiÀÁ ¿Ázmsö¼½¬s. A„sª«sLRiª«sVVÌÁV NRPW²R… BNRP ¿yÌÁVƒ«sV (65).

$ bPª«sª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsoLSß᪫sVVÍÜ[¬s ªy¸R…V„ds¸R…VxqsLiz¤¦¦¦»R½¸R…VLiµR…V xmspLRi*˳ØgRiª«sVVÍÜ[ xqsXztísQ¬s ª«sLñjiLi¿Á[ xmsµR…V®ƒs[²R…ª«s @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV ª«sVVgjizqsƒ«sµj… (17).

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