@»yùaRPèLRiùª«s¼d½ LRiª«sWù NRP®´…[¸R…VLi FyxmsƒyaRP¬ds e „sxqsòlLi[ßá ¿RÁ ®ªs[V ú‡ÁWz¤¦¦¦ ¸R…V´y»R½®´…[ùƒ«s xmsX¿RÁèé»R½M ee 1

ª«sW¥¦¦¦»R½øQùLi ª«sVµ³R…ùª«sVryùzms ‡ÁVVztsQÕ³ÁM xmsLjiNUPLjiò»R½ª±sV e xmnsÌÁLi ¿yƒ«sõxqsù NRP´j…»R½Li ª«sW¥¦¦¦»R½øQùLi ¿RÁ µR…ª«sVxqsù »R½V ee 2

„sxtñsvƒy ¿RÁ xmsµR…ƒyùxqsM NRPX»][ ¸R…Vú»R½ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sVV®ƒs[ e NRP¬ds¸R…Vxqsxqsò´][»R½ö¼½òLRiù´y ˳ÏÁW»y ª«sµR…xqs* ®ªs[V ee 3

xmsoÌÁxqsòQù Dªy¿RÁ : xmsoLS LRi´R…Li»R½lLi[ NRPÛÍÁ[ö LSÇØ{qs»`½ xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sM e

ƒyª«sWõ ÍÜ[ZNP[xtsv „sÆØù»R½}qsòÇÁry xqsWLRiùxqs¬sõ˳ÏÁM ee 4

»R½xmsry »R½xqsù »R½V}tísQƒ«s ¿RÁ»R½VLRi*QQZNP[òQûßá ˳ØLRi»R½ e NRPª«sVÌÁLi NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi µR…»R½òLi ¸R…V´y NSª«sVgRiª«sVLi ƒ«sXxms ee 5

xqsxmsòµk…*Fy¬s ÍÜ[NRPLi ¿RÁ ¸R…V®´…[xtísQLi \®ªs ¿RÁLRi»R½=µy e NRPÍØö®µ…[ »R½V xqsª«sVLi µk…*xmsLi »R½xqsù xmsoxtsQäLRiªyzqsƒy ee 6

ÍÜ[ZNP[ƒ«s xmspÑÁ»R½Li »R½ryø»`½ xmsoxtsQäLRiµk…*xmsª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ e »R½®µ…[ª«s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßØ µR…»R½òLi ¸R…Wƒ«sª«sVxqsù »R½»][Li‡ÁVÇÁª±sV ee 7

xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«s B»yùx¤¦¦¦§xqsòryø»R½Li ®µ…[ª«sµyƒ«sªyM e

ƒ_xmsª«sVùª«sV{qsòx¤¦¦¦ ÇÁgRiú»R½¹¸…[Vzms ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi‡ÁVÇÁ xqósxqsù ¿RÁ »R½xqsù LSÇìÁM ee 8

»R½F¡ƒ«sV˳تyµR…´R… »R½xqsù LSÒìÁ ƒyLkixqsx¤¦¦¦\|qs#ûLRiÕ³Áª«sLiµR…ùª«sWƒy e

ƒyª«sWõ¿RÁ Íت«sßáùª«s¼d½ ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«s ¸R…W FyLRi*¼d½®ªs[xtísQ»R½ª«sW ˳ÏÁª«sxqsù ee 9

»R½ryù»R½øÇ؃yª«sV¸R…VV»R½Li ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«s µ³R…LSø»R½øƒy ª«sVgRiûQùµ³R…ƒ«sVLôðRiLSßØLi e »R½µ³y»R½øÇØLiryòƒ«sÕ³Á„dsORPQQù LSÇØ ª«sVVx¤¦¦¦§LRiVøx¤¦¦¦§Lji*xqsø ¸R…Vª«sWxqsryµR… ee 10

Õ³dÁxtsvø²R…V xmsoxtsQäLRiZOP[QQú»R½ ª«sVµ³R…ùúxms®µ…[aRPª«sVV NRP´R… ¿yÍØ „sLi\¾»½ƒ«sµj… ¿RÁNRPä¬sµj… FyxmsƒyaRPƒ«sª«sVV\®ƒsƒ«s ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sV. Bµj… ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV ª«sLñjiLiÀÁƒyLRiV. ÀÁª«sLji úxms®µ…[aRPNRP´R… |qszmsö¼½Lji. B¿RÁèÈÁ „sxtñsvª«so FyµR…ª«sVV ƒ«sVLi¿RÁVÈÁ ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁVgRi xmsoxtsQäLRiZOP[QQú»R½ª«sVV »R½Vµj… úxms®ªs[aRPNRP´R…ƒ«sV xqs„sxqsòLRiª«sVVgS ®µ…ÌÁVxmsoª«sVƒ«s xmsoÌÁxqsVòQù ²R…¬s¹¸…V:c ª«sVVƒ«sVxmso LRi´R…Li»R½LRi NRPÌÁöª«sVLiµR…V xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sV²R…ƒ«sV LSÇÁÙ ÍÜ[NRPúxmszqsµôðR…V²R…V. xqsWLRiVù¬s ª«sLiÉÓÁ ¾»½[ÇÁzqs* ¹¸…VVNRP²R…VLi®²…ƒ«sV. @»R½¬s »R½xmsxqsV=NRPV xqsLi»R½Vxtísv\®²… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ‡ÁLigSLRiV »yª«sVLRixmsoª«so* ƒ«sƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV. NSª«sVgRi„sª«sWƒ«sª«sVµj… ¹¸…VNTPä ¸R…W LSÇÁÙ xqsxmsò µk…*xmsª«sVVÌÁLiµR…V ¸R…V®µ³…[xtísQª«sVVgRi xqsLi¿RÁLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. A NRPÌÁöª«sVV ª«sVVLiµR…µj… ¹¸…VVNRP µk…*xmsª«sVÈíÁV\ÛÍÁ xqsV„saSÌÁ\®ªsV xmsoxtsQäLRiµk…*xmsª«sVƒ«sV úxmszqsµôðj…ƒ«sLi®µ…ƒ«sV. xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVV= »yª«sVLRixmsoª«so*. A xmsoxtsQö®ªs[V ¸R…V»R½¬sNTP ªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«s\®ªsVƒ«sLiµR…Vƒ«s ƒ«s»R½¬s¬s xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sV²R…¬s ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV µyƒ«sª«soÌÁV }msL]ä¬sLji. ª«sVW²R…V ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁLiµR…V »R½xmsM úxms˳ت«sª«sVVƒ«s ƒy LSÇÁÙƒ«sNRPV ryÉÓÁ ¹¸…Vª«s*LRiV ÛÍÁ[LRiV. A»R½¬s LSßÓá Íت«sßáùª«s¼½¸R…Vƒ«sV }msLRi úxmszqsµôðj…gRi¬s ®ªs[ÌÁN]ÌÁµj… {qsòQûÌÁ úxmsaRPLiÌÁxqsLiµj…ƒ«sµj…. xmsLRi®ªs[VaRP*LRiV¬sNTP FyLRi*¼½ ¸R…VÉýØ âàá[¬sZNPLi¾»½[¬s LiVVxtísvLSÌÁ¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. A»R½¬sNTP xmsµj…®ªs[ÌÁ ª«sVLiµj… N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV gRiÖÁgjiLRiLiµR…LRiV xmsLRiª«sV µ³R…LSø»R½VøÌÁV, xmsLRiª«sVaRPWLRiVÌÁV. ªyLjiLigRi¬s ¸R…W»R½®²…Li»][ ¸R…WaRPèLRiùxms²R…V¿RÁVLi®²…ƒ«sV. 10

r¡Ë³ØùgRi»R½Li xmspÇÁùª«sVV¬súxms„dsLRiLi úxms¿Á[»R½xqsLi ªyNRPù„sVµR…Li ‡Á˳Ø}tsQ e

NRPryøµj…*˳ÏÁW¼½LRi ¿RÁÍت«sVLRiª«sVLRiòQùxmspÇØ ÇØ»y NRP´R…Li NRPª«sVÌÁÇØ xqsµR…XbdPxqsV LSÒìÁ ee 11

˳ØLSù ª«sV¸R…WÌÁö»R½xmsry xmsLji»][ztsQ¾»½[ƒ«s µR…»R½òLi ª«sVª«sWLi‡ÁVÇÁgRiXx¤¦¦¦Li ¿RÁ ª«sVV¬dsLiúµ³R…µR…»R½òª±sV e

¸R…Vzqsøƒ±s úxms„sxtísQª«sVzms N][ÉÓÁaRP»R½Li ƒ«sXFyßØLi ryª«sW»R½ùNRPVLiÇÁLRiLRi´_xmnsVÇÁƒyª«sX»yƒyª±sV ee 12

ƒyÌÁORPQQù¾»½[ NRP*gRi»R½ª«sVLi‡ÁLRigS„sVÕ³ÁaRPè »yLSgRiâßá[LiµR…VLRi „sLRibPøÕ³ÁLRixmsùgRiª«sVùª±sV e

»R½ryø»`½ NTPª«sVƒ«sùÇÁƒ«s¬dsÇÁhRiL][µR…÷®ªs[ƒ«s µ³R…LSøµ³j…NRPLi NRPX»R½ª«sVZaP[xtsQÇÁƒy¼½gRiLi ¸R…V»`½ ee 13

xqs\lLiQQ*LRiø¸R…W´R… »R½ƒ«s\¹¸…VLRi´R…ªy ª«sV¸R…Wzms xqsµy÷éLRiù¸R…W »R½µR…ÐÁÌÁLi NRP´R…¸R…V úxms¿Á[»R½M e

r¡7xmsù˳ÏÁùµ³yµR…´R… ˳ÏÁªyLi»R½Lji»R½Li ¬sLkiORPQQù xmsX´k…*xms¾»½[ aRPXßáV »R½µR…µR…V÷é»R½}¤¦¦¦»R½Vª«sX»R½òª±sV ee 14

ÇÁƒyø˳ÏÁª«s»R½òª«s »R½V ÌÁV‡ôðÁNRPVÛÍÁ[zms |mnsWLRiLi ÇØ»R½ xqsòQ*LRi ª«sVxmsùƒ«sVµj…ƒ«sLi NTPÌÁ FyxmsNSLki e ª«sxmsoLRixmsù˳ÏÁW»R½òª«s xmsoƒ«sM xmsoLRiVuyLigRixqsLiµ³j…µR…VLæRiLiµ³j…xqs»R½*NRPVƒ«sÆØ˳ÏÁLRißáLi xqsª«sVLi»y»`½ ee 15

ƒ«s ¿RÁ ¾»½[ xqsVx¤¦¦¦Xƒ«sõ xqsV»R½‡ÁLiµ³R…VÇÁƒ¯[ ƒ«s »yµR…XN`P \®ƒsª«s xqs*ry ƒ«s ÇÁƒ«s¬ds ¿RÁ »R½µyÕ³ÁaRPryò e @¼½xqsª«sVø»y xmsLRiª«sVÕ³dÁxtísQ»R½ª«sWÕ³Áª«sVVÐdÁ ÇØ»y ª«sV{¤¦¦¦aRP »R½ª«s ¹¸…WztsQµj…¸R…VLi xqsVLRiWFy ee 16

@˳ÏÁWµR…ƒyª«sXztísQLRi¼d½ª«s L_úµy NRPµy¿RÁƒy¥¦¦¦LRi¬s„sV»R½òª«sVryùª±sV e

ORPV¼d½ö²T…¾»½[ƒ«s ˳ÏÁª«s»y »R½V ¸R…Vµy ƒ«s NTPLiÀÁµyryµj…»R½Li ª«sƒ«sùxmnsÍصj…˳ÏÁORPQQùª±sV ee 17

@´yÕ³ÁµR…XxtísQLi ª«sVx¤¦¦¦µR…Li‡ÁVÇز³R…ùLi xqsL][ª«sLRiLi xmsLiNRPxmsLki»R½L][µ³R…M e

xmsµyøƒ«sù´yµy¸R…V »R½»][ ‡Áx¤¦¦¦¨¬s gRi»R½M xmsoLRiLi \®ªsµj…aRPƒyª«sV®µ³…[¸R…Vª±sV ee 18

»R½ƒ«sWøÌÁùÍØ˳ظR…V xmsoLRiLi xqsª«sVxqsòLi ú˳ØLi»R½Li »R½*¸R…W ZaP[xtsQª«sVx¤¦¦¦xqsòµy{qs»`½ e

úZNP[»y ƒ«s NRPbPè»R½äª«sVÛÍÁ[xtsv ÇØ»R½M NýSLi»R½M xmsLRiLi ORPV»R½öLji{ms²T…»R½aRPè ee19

INRP»R½àÓá úª«s¿Á[»R½xqsV²R…ƒ«sV ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ji ¸R…V˳ØùgRi»R½V\®²…ƒ«sLi»R½ ƒ«s»R½¬sLi ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁ ¸R…W LSÇÁÙ »R½ƒ«sNRPV gRiÖæÁƒ«s ¸R…W „s˳ÏÁW¼½ \®ªs˳ÏÁª«sª«sVƒ«sVxqsª«sWƒ«sª«sVV aSaRP*»R½ª«sVV ®µ…[ª«sª«sWƒ«sª«soÌÁ xmspÇÁÌÁLiµj…ƒ«sµj… ryOSQ»R½Vò NRPª«sVÌÁÇÁÙ (NRPª«sVÌÁª«sVLiµR…VµR…LiVVLiÀÁƒ«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦ÌÁOTPQQø) ƒyµ³R…LRiøxms¼½õ gRiXx¤¦¦¦ÌÁOTPQQø¬ds ƒy ¿Á[zqsƒ«s N]ÌÁµj… »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sZNP[ ®ªsVÀÁè xmsLRi®ªs[VztísQ gRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVgRi ‡ÁµR…øª«sVV ƒ«sƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV. ƒy gRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVLiµR…V ª«sVLiú»R½Li ¹¸…[Vƒ«sVgRiVÌÁV, LRi´R…ª«sVVÌÁV, ˳ÏÁÈÁxmsLjiªyLRiª«sVV ª«sLiµR…ÌÁV N][ÈýÁVgS ƒy gRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVÌÁLiNRPLjiLixms‡Á²T… ¬s»R½ù a][˳ÏÁƒ«s\®ªsVƒ«sµj…. »yLSúgRix¤¦¦¦ ƒ«sORPQQú»yµR…VÌÁNRPV xqsWLRiù ¿RÁLiúµR… NTPLRiß᪫sVVÌÁNRPV ƒyNSaRP xqsLi¿yLRiVÌÁgRiV ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁNRPVLi gRiW²R… ¿][LRiLS¬sµj… ¹¸…VÈÁV F¡LiVVƒ«sµ][ gRiVLjiòLixmsLS¬s gRigRiƒ«s ª«sµ³R…ª«sVVƒ«s }qs*¿yèé xqsLi¿yLRiª«sVV }qs¸R…VV µj…ª«s* „sª«sWxqsª«sVV ƒyNTPµj… ¹¸…VÈýÁV ÌÁÕ³ÁLiÀÁƒ«sµj…? BLiN]NRP »R½ÖýÁ NRP²R…Vxmsoƒ«sLi ‡ÁVÉíÓÁƒ«s ª«sVàÓá ¹¸…[V ÒÁ„s }qs¸R…V¬s µ³R…LRiøª«sVV ®ƒs[®ƒs[„sV }qszqs¼½? ƒy ÕÁ²ïR…ÌÁV }qszqsƒyLS? ƒy ˳ØLRiù }qszqsƒ«sµy? úxms¿Á[»R½ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ji xqs»R½òª«sV! Aƒ«s¼½ª«sVøƒ«s ƒ«sª«sVVø¬s ÇÁƒyøLi»R½LRiª«sVVƒ«s ¬dsª«so ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ¸R…VµR…V÷é»R½ ¿RÁLjiú»R½ª«sVµj… µk…¬sNTP NSLRißá ª«sWÖÁLixmsoª«sV¬s ¸R…Vª«sVVø¬s LiVVÈýÁƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV.

ª«sVVƒ«sVF~NRP ËÜ[¸R…VNRPVÌÁª«sVLiµR…V ¬dsNRPV @¼½ |mnsWLRi\®ªsVƒ«s ÇÁƒ«sø NRPÖÁgjiƒ«sµj…. ¬ds aRPLkiLRiª«sVLi»R½ÉØ NUPÎÏÁ§þ xqs²R…ÖÁ, µR…VLæRiLiµ³R…ª«sVV NRPÌÁ\®µ…, g][ÎÏÁ§þ NRPÌÁgjiƒ«s\®µ…¸R…VVLi®²…ƒ«sV. ¬dsNRPV „sVú»R½V²R…V, ‡ÁLiµ³R…Vª«soÌÁV, xmsoú»R½VÌÁV, r¡µR…Lji, »R½ÖýÁ Fsª«sLRiW ÛÍÁ[NRPVLi²T…Lji. LSÇØ! @xmso²R…V ¬dsNRPV C {qsòQû FsNRPV䪫s BxtísQ\®ªsVƒ«s\®µ… ¸R…VVLi®²…ƒ«sV. INRPxmsöV²R…V |mnsWLRi\®ªsVƒ«s @ƒyª«sXztísQ NRPÌÁVgRigS, ANRPÖÁ Ëص³R…»][ ¬dsª«so A¥¦¦¦LRiª«sVVƒ«s\ZNP ¼½Ljigji Gµk… F~LiµR…ÛÍÁ[NRP INRP xmsµR…øª«sVVÌÁ»][ ¬sLi²T…ƒ«s xqsLRixqsV=ƒ«sV ¿RÁWÀÁ¼½„s. xmsµR…øª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV |msNRPVä úgRiz¤¦¦¦LiÀÁ @ª«sVVøÈÁ\ZNP „sµj…aSxmsoLS¬sNTP ®ªs×Áþ µy¬s ƒ«sª«sVVøÈÁNRPV xmsoLRiª«sVLi»y ¼½Ljigjiƒ«sƒ«sW Fsª«sLRiW N]ƒ«s\lLiLji c ¬dsª«so @ÌÁzqs ANRPÖÁ Ëص³R…¿Á[»R½ {ms²T…Lixms‡Á²T…¼½„s. 19

c: xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sV¬s xmspLRi*ÇÁƒ«sø ª«sX»yòLi»R½ª«sVV :c

Dxms„sxtísQxqsòQ*®ªs[VNRPzqsøƒ±s xqs˳ØL][ù ˳ÏÁª«sƒyLigRiâßá[ e »R½»][ LSú»f ˳ÏÁªyLixqsòú»yúZaP[{tsQƒ±s ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁµ³R…*¬sLi ee 20

xqs˳ØLRiùxqsòú»R½ gRi»R½ªyƒ±s ¸R…Vú»yr¢ ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁµ³R…*¬sM e »R½ú»R½ ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁª«sVxmsùxqsù „suñ¡LRiLSè „sÍÜ[NTP»y ee 21

®ªs[aSùƒ«sLigRiª«s¼d½ ƒyª«sV ÕÁú˳ÏÁ¼d½ µy*µR…bdPúª«s»R½Li e xqsª«sWxmsù ª«sWxmnsVª«sWxqsxqsù µy*µR…aSùLi ÌÁª«sßØ¿RÁÌÁª±sV ee 22

ƒ«sù®ªs[µR…¸R…V»R½Vò gRiVLRi®ªs[ aRP¸R…WùLi¿][xmsxqsäLS¬s*»yLi e @ÌÁLiNRPX»R½ù x¤¦¦¦X{tsQZNP[aRPLi r¢ª«sLñRixqsª«sVª«sWµR…LS»`½ ee 23

ry »R½V µR…Xuíy »R½»R½ryò˳Øù„sVµR…Li ¿RÁ xmsLjiÀÁLi¼½»R½Li e NTP®ªs[VÕ³ÁM NRPª«sV\ÛÍÁM NSLRiùLi ª«sLRiLi „sxtñsvLRiÌÁLiNRPX»R½M ee 24

B¼½ ˳ÏÁNTPòxqsòµy ÇØ»y µR…Lixms»][ùxqsVò ƒ«slLi[aRP*LRi e »R½»R½ûQöxqsLigS»`½ xqsª«sV˳ÏÁùLRièQù ZNP[aRPª«sLi ÌÁª«sßØ¿RÁÌÁLi ee 25

aRP¸R…Wù ¿RÁ xmsoxtsQöúxmsNRP\lLiM xmspÑÁ»y ˳ÏÁWaRPè xqsLRi*aRPM e @µ³yƒ«sLigRiª«s¼d½ »R½Vuíy »R½¹¸…WLôðSƒ«sùaRP»R½ú»R½¸R…Vª±sV ee 26

µk…¸R…V»yª«sWµj…®µ…[aSµ³R… NRPÌÁµ³_»R½xmnsÌÁú»R½¸R…VLi e ƒ«s gRiX{¤¦¦¦»R½Li »R½»R½ryò˳ØùLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqs»y*ª«sÌÁLi‡Áƒy»`½ ee 27

@ƒ«sLigSª«s»yù ¿RÁ xmsoƒ«sxqsò¹¸…WLRiƒ«sõLi ¿RÁ»R½VLji*µ³R…Li xmse A¬ds¸R…V ªyùx¤¦¦¦X»R½Li ¿yƒ«sõLi ˳ÏÁVÇÁù»y„sVª«s ˳ÏÁWxms¾»½[ ee 28

»y˳ØùLi ¿RÁ »R½µR…zms »R½ùQQNRPòLi ˳Ü[OSQQùª«sx¤¦¦¦ a][* ª«sLSƒ«s®ƒs[ e úxmsxqsLigSµR…Vxmsªyr¡®ƒs[ »R½ªyµyùxqsVò aRPV˳ت«sx¤¦¦¦M ee 29

ÇÁƒ«søúxms˳ÏÁX¼½ FyzmsuîyªyªyLi ®µ…[„s µ³R…X²R…úª«s¾»½[ e »R½»R½öQûryµy»`½ ˳ÏÁª«s®µæ…[}¤¦¦¦ µ³R…LRiø ®ªs[a][xqsVò ƒy„sx¤¦¦¦ ee ª«sV30

B¼½ ÇØgRiLRißáLi »y˳ØùLi »R½ú»R½ xqsLigSµR…ƒ«sVztísQ»R½Li e úxms˳ؾ»½[ ¿RÁ »R½¸R…W µR…»yò aRP¸R…Wù xqsÌÁª«sßØ¿RÁÍØ ee 31

úgSª«sVaRPè gRiVLRi®ªs[ ˳ÏÁNSòQù „sú}ms˳Ü[ù µy*µR…\ZaPª«s »R½V e ª«sryòQûÌÁLiNSLRixqsLi¸R…VVNSò gSª«saRPè NRPƒ«sNS¬s*»yM ee 32

˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sLi ¿RÁ xqsVx¤¦¦¦X¬søú»R½µk…ƒyLiµ³R…NRPXxms\âßáxqs=x¤¦¦¦ e »R½»][ ÌÁV‡ôðÁNRP µyLixms»R½ùLi xmspÇÁLiVV»y* „sxqsLêji»R½ª±sV ee 33

ƒ«s ˳ÏÁªyƒ±s ÌÁV‡ôÁN][ ÇØ»R½M xqsxms¼d½õN][ ƒ«sX}msaRP*LRiM e xmsoxtsQäLRiúxmsNRPLS»R½òryø¾»½[äaRPª«sxqsù »R½V xmspÇÁƒy»`½ ee 34

„sƒ«suíyZaP[xtsQFyª«sxqsù »R½ª«s xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVLiµj…LRiLi e »R½xqsùxqs»R½ùxqsù ª«sW¥¦¦¦»yøQùµR…ÍÜ[˳ÏÁ»R½xmsry ƒ«sXxms ee 35

úFyµy»y䪫sVgRiª«sVLi ¸R…Wƒ«sLi ÍÜ[NRPƒy´R…aRPè»R½VLRiVøÅÁM e xqsLi»R½VxtísQxqsòª«s LSÛÇÁ[LiúµR… xmsoxtsQäLRiLi »R½*Li xqsª«sWúaRP¸R…V ee 36

NRPÌÁöLi xqs »R½*Li xqsª«sWryµR…ù „s˳ÏÁW¼½µy*µR…bdPúª«s»R½Li e NRPVLRiV LSÛÇÁ[LiúµR… ¬sLS*ß᪫sVª«saRPùLi xqsª«sVªyxms=Qùzqs ee 37

G»R½µR…VNSòQ* »R½V xqsª«sVV¬s xqsòQ\¾»½QûªyLi»R½LRiµ³k…¸R…V»R½ e LSÇØ ¸R…V´][NRPòLi ¿RÁ xmsoƒ«sM úxmsNRPL][»`½ xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sM ee 38

ANRPÖÁNTP ‡ÁNRPäÀÁNTPä |msLi²ýyª«sVV»][ ƒ¯NRPä²R…ª«so ¬sLiÉÓÁ ª«sVVLigjiÈÁ gRiWLRiVèƒyõª«so. @xmsöV²R…V LSú¼½ ¬dsª¯NRP ª«sVLigRiÎÏÁ µ³R…*¬s „sƒyõª«so. ˳ØLRiù»][ ƒ«sµj… (®ªs[µj…NRP) „s¬szmsLiÀÁƒ«s ¿][ÉÓÁ ZNP[gji¼½„s. @¿RÁÈÁ „sxtñsv xmspÇØ ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁª«sVV @ÈÁ @ƒ«sLigRiª«s¼½ ¸R…Vƒ«sV ®ªs[aRPù µy*µR…bdP úª«s»R½ª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁV ª«sWxmnsV ª«sWxqsª«sVVƒ«s µy*µR…bdP úª«s»R½ª«sVV }qszqs gRiVLRiVª«soƒ«sNRPV ÌÁª«sßá xmsLRi*»R½ª«sVV xmsLRiVxmso »R½ÌÁgRi²R…ÌÁV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ryª«sWúgji»][ aRP¸R…Vùƒ«sV µyƒ«sª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. ‡ÁLigSLRiV „sxtñsv „súgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV @ÌÁLiNRPLjiLiÀÁ ¿RÁNRPägS xmspÇÁ }qs|qsƒ«sV. A®ªsVƒ«sV ÇÁÚÀÁ ¸R…W ËÜ[¸R…VµR…Lixms»R½VÖÁÈýÁƒ«sVN]¬sLji. C NRPª«sVÌÁª«sVVÌÁ»][ ª«sVƒ«sZNP[„sV xms¬s? „ds¬s»][ „sxtñsvª«so ƒ«sÌÁNRPLiLjiLi»R½ª«sV¬s˳ÏÁNTPò

g]¬s „sxtñsvª«soƒ«sV ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁ »yª«sVLRi xmspÌÁ»][ aRP¸R…Vù®ƒs[LRiöLRiÀÁ ¸R…W úxms®µ…[aRPª«sVVƒ«sLi ÇÁNRPägS ‡ÁWÑÁLi¼½Lji. @ƒ«sLigRiª«s¼½ (®ªs[aRPù) ¸R…W µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁ ˳ÏÁNTPò ¿RÁWÀÁ ª«sVW²R…Vª«sLiµR…ÌÁ ‡ÁryòÌÁ µ³yƒ«sùª«sVV, ª«sVW²R…V ‡ÁLigSLRiV xmnsÌÁª«sVVÌÁV (xmsLi²ýR…) ¬sª«sVø¬s xmsLjiªyLRiª«sVVƒ«s NSÇìÁ LiVV¿Á胫sV. NS¬s ¸R…W µyƒ«sª«sVV ƒy ËÜ[¸R…VÌÁV ZNP[ª«sÌÁ xqs»R½òQ*gRiVßá xqsLixms¼½ò¿Á[ ¼d½zqsN]ƒ«s\lLiLji. F¡¬sª«sVø¬s ¸R…W ®ªs[aRPù ªyLjiNTP ˳ÏÁORPQQù ˳Ü[ÇÁù a][xtsQù }ms¸R…V LRiWxmsª«sVVÌÁgRiV A¥¦¦¦LRiª«sVV „sLiµR…V¿Á[zqs ˳ÏÁVÑÁLixmso²R…¬s N][lLiƒ«sV. @µj…¸R…VV ƒy LiVVµôR…LRiV ¬ds®ªs[ÎÏÁ ª«sµôR…V lLi[xmso ¼½LiµR…Vª«sV¬sLji. ¬ds úª«s»R½ª«sVV xqsLiµR…LRi÷骫sVVÍÜ[ ®ªs[Vª«sVV ƒ«sVxmsªyxqsª«sVVƒ«sõ¿][ aRPV˳ÏÁª«sVgRiVƒ«s¬sLji. xmsoÉíÓÁƒ«sµj… ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV ®ªs[V„sVµôR…LRiª«sVV xmsLRiª«sV FyzmsxtísvÌÁª«sVV. ®µ…[„ds ª«sV¥¦¦¦ xmsoßáVùLSÌÁª«so úª«s»R½¬sxtísvLSÌÁª«so. ¬ds LiVVLiÈÁ ¬ds úxmsryµR…ª«sVVƒ«s ª«sW ®ªs[Vƒ«sV ÛÍÁ[aRPª«sWú»R½„dsV µ³R…LRiøª«sVV NRPÌæÁVgSNRP @¬s ¸R…W LiVVµôR…LRiV ƒy LiVVLiÈÁ ƒyLSú¼½ ÇØgRiLRiß᪫sVV }qszqsLji. ®ªs[NRPVª«s®ƒs[ ¸R…W µR…Li»R½VÌÁNS ®ªs[aRPù DxmsöV N]Li²R…»][ aRP¸R…Wùµyƒ«sª«sVV gRiW²R… }qs|qsƒ«sV. gRiVLRiVª«soƒ«sNRPV ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ƒ¯NRP úgSª«sVª«sVV. úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÌÁNRPV ª«sryòQûÌÁLiNSLRi xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½ª«sVVgS ‡ÁLiú®²…Li²R…V g][ª«soÌÁƒ«sV gRiW²R… µyƒ«sª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. NRPVLiÉÓÁ úgRiV²ïT… ªyLi²ýR…»][ ÕdÁµR…ÌÁ»][ Axmsò„sVú»R½ ‡ÁLiµ³R…VÌÁ»][ ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV „sLiµR…V }qs|qsƒ«sV. @Li»R½¸R…VV\®ƒsƒ«s »R½LRiVªy»R½ ƒy µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁ rygRiƒ«sLi|msƒ«sV. A ËÜ[¸R…Vª«so, A¬ds |msLi²ýy®ªs[V LiVVxmsöV²R…V LSÇÁÙƒ«sV LSßÓá¸R…VV\®ƒs xmsoÉíÓÁƒyLRiV. xmsoßØù»R½VøÌÁV »R½ª«sVLRiV.

„sxtñsvª«soƒ«sV xmsoxtsQäLRi úxmsNRPLRiª«sVVƒ«s (xmsµR…øª«sVVÌÁ LSbP¿Á[) BÈýÁV xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVÈÁ ª«sÌÁƒ«s®ƒs[ Fyxms®ªsVÌýÁ ®ªsW¸R…VV ¬dsNUP xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVV ª«sVLiµj…LRi\®ªsVƒ«sµj…. LSÇØ A xqs»R½ùª«sVV¹¸…VVNRPä ª«sVz¤¦¦¦ª«sV A @ÍÜ[˳ÏÁª«sVV (AaRP ÛÍÁ[NRPF¡ª«soÈÁ) @ƒ«sV »R½xmsxqsV= ª«sÌÁƒ«s ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁV²R…V xqsLi»R½Vxtísv\®²… ¬dsNUP NSª«sVgRi „sª«sWƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV @ƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV. NSª«soƒ«s ¬ds„sNRP xmsoxtsQäLRi ZOP[QQú»R½ª«sVVƒ«s ¬sª«szqsLixmsoª«sVV. xqs»R½òQ*NRPÌÁö ª«sWúaRPLiVVLiÀÁ ZNP[ª«sÌÁ xqs»R½òQ*gRiVßá xqsLixmsƒ«sVõ²R…\®ªs „s˳ÏÁW¼½ µy*µR…bdP úª«s»R½ª«sVV }qs¸R…VVª«sVV. @µj… ¿Á[zqs¼½®ªs[¬s »R½xmsöNRP ®ªsWORPQª«sVLi®µ…µR…ª«so. @¬s |qszmsö ¸R…Vª«sVVø¬s ¸R…VNRPä²R…®ƒs[ @Li»R½LôðSƒ«s ª«sV¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. xmsoxtsQöªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦LSÇÁÙ ª«sVV¬s |qszmsöƒ«sÈýÁV }qs|qsƒ«sV. 38

BµR…ª«sW¿RÁLRi»][ LSÇÁƒ«sõÅÁLi²R…úª«s»R½»y ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e ¸R…Vµ³yNRP´R…LiÀÁ»yäÛÍÁ[ƒ«s µy*µR…aRPµy*µR…bdPM ƒ«sXxms ee 39

NRPLRiòªyù aRPNTPò»][ ®µ…[ª«s „sú}ms˳Ü[ùµR…OTPQßØ ƒ«sXFy e ÛÇÁ[}tîsQ gSª«sM úxmsµy»R½ªyù ª«sVµ³R…ù®ªs[V ˳ÏÁW„sVLRiV»R½òª«sW ee 40

NRP¬s}tísQ NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi ®µ…[¸R…V„sV¾»½[ùuy µR…OTPQßØ xqsøQX»y e úxmsµ³R…ª«sVLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øQ\®µ…ª«s»R½ùLi \®ªsxtñsQª«sLi »R½´y ee 41

»R½X¼d½¸R…VLi LRiVúµR…\®µ…ª«s»R½ùLi ú»R½¹¸…W ®µ…[ªyzqsòQûxtsv zqós»yM e B¼½ NRPÌÁVxtsQ„sµyLRißáLi ÇÁƒyƒyLi xmshRi¼½ ¿RÁ ¸R…VxqsVò aRPXßãÜ[¼½ ¿yzms ˳ÏÁNSòQùM ee 42

ª«sV¼½ª«sVzms ¿RÁ xqs ¸R…W¼½ ®µ…[ª«sÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sxqs¼½ ¿RÁ L][ª«sVxqsª«sW¬s ª«s»R½=LSßÓá e @µ³y»R½M xqsLiúxmsª«sOSQQù„sV úª«s»yƒyª«sVV»R½òª«sVLi úª«s»R½ª±sV ee 43

LSÇØ! Bµj… }qszqsƒ«s¿][ ¬sNRP ®ƒsƒ«sõ²R…V úª«s»R½Ë³ÏÁLigRiª«sVV NRPÌÁVgRi®ƒs[ NRPÌÁVgRiµR…V. xqsª«sV¸R…Vª«sVV µR…xmsöNRP xmsLi®²…Liú²R…V µy*µR…bdP úª«s»R½ª«sVVÌÁV ¸R…Vµ³yaRPNTPò®ƒsÈýÁLiVVƒ«s LiVW úª«s»R½ª«sVV ¬sLRi*QQLjiòLi¿RÁ ª«sÌÁzqsƒ«s®µ…[.

BNRP „súxmsoÌÁNRPV µR…OTPQßá:c ÛÇÁ[xtîsQ xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVLiµR…V xmsoxtsQäLRiZOP[QQú»R½ª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÈÁ g][ª«soÌÁV ª«sVµ³R…ùª«sVLiµR…V ˳ÏÁWµyƒ«sª«sVV NRP¬sxtîsQ xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVLiµR…V (ÀÁLRi) ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV µR…OTPQßágS ¬ds¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«s¬s xqsøQX»R½VÌÁVƒ«sõ„s. ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁµj… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø®µ…[ª«s »yNRPª«sVV µj…*¼d½¸R…Vª«sVV \®ªsxtñsQª«sª«sVV »R½X¼d½¸R…Vª«sVV LRiVúµR… ®µ…[ª«s»yNRPª«sVV. CÍØ ú¼½ª«sVWLRiVòÌÁV xqsLi»R½VztísQƒ«sLiµR…VµR…VLRiV. Bµj… ÇÁƒ«sª«sVVÌÁ Fyxmsª«sVVÌÁ®ƒs²R…ÌÁV xmsoßáùNRPµ³R… ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ¿RÁµj…„sƒ«s „sƒ«sõƒ«sV Çì؃«sª«sVVƒ«sV ËÜLiµR…Vƒ«sV. µyƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ¸R…Wg][ª«so L][ª«sVª«sVVÛÍÁ¬sõ gRiÌÁª«s¬sõ ¹¸…[VLi²ýR…V ®µ…[ª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s ¬sª«szqsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV.

NRP´j…»R½Li ¾»½[ƒ«s LRiVú®µ…[ßá ª«sV¥¦¦¦Fy»R½NRPƒyaRPƒ«sLi e ƒ«sNRPòª«sV‡ôðÁLi ¿RÁLji»y »R½V gRiªy ryLóRiLi NRPVÈÁVLiÕÁ®ƒs[ ee 44

\|¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi ¿RÁúNRPLi ú¼½aRPWÌÁLi ¿RÁ µR…µyùµj…*úFy¸R…V ªyxqs{qs e Gª«sLi ¸R…VM NRPVLRiV¾»½[ xmsoßáùLi bPª«sÍÜ[ZNP[ xqs ®ªsWµR…¾»½[ ee 45

G»R½®µô…[ª«súª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV ª«sV¥¦¦¦Fy»R½NRPƒyaRPƒ«sLi e ¸R…V}qsòQ*NRP˳ÏÁ##ZNP[òƒ«s OTPQ }ms®µô…[ƒ«sVLi ª«sXxtsQƒ«sª«sV¬s*»yª±sV ee 46

®µ³…[ƒ«sVLi ¼½ÌÁª«sVLiVWLi µR…µyù»`½ ƒ«s xmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ aSLiNRPLRiLi e G»R½»`½ LRiVúµR…úª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV ˳ÏÁ¸R…Va][NRP„sƒyaRPƒ«sª±sV ee 47

¸R…VaRPè ¬dsÍÜ[»R½öÌÁLi \|¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi ÎÏÁLRiä LSFyú»R½xqsLi¸R…VV»R½Li e GNSLi»R½Lji»R½ƒ«sNSò{qs xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ ª«sXxtsQxqsLi¸R…VV»R½ª±sV ee 48

\®ªsxtñsQª«sLi xqs xmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ ¬dsÌÁúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½Li e Auy²³yµj…¿RÁ»R½VLSøxqsª«sV˳ÏÁùLigRiLi ª«sLêRi¹¸…[Vƒ«sõLRiM ee 49

˳Ü[ÇÁƒ¯[xmsxqsäLRiLi µR…µyù»`½ xqs ¸R…W¼½ ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sLi x¤¦¦¦lLi[M e ÇÁƒ«sú{ms¼½NRPLRiLi ƒ«sYßØLi ú{ms¼½úª«s»R½„sVx¤¦Ü[¿RÁù¾»½[ ee 50

ª«sLêRiLiVV»y* ª«sVµ³_ ª«sVxqsVò µR…µ³j…OUPQLRixmnsVX\¾»½QORPQª«sLi e µR…µyù»`½ ª«sryòQûßÓá xqsWOSQQøßÓá LRixqsFyú¾»½[ßá xqsLi¸R…VV»R½ª±sV ee 51

xqsLixmspÇÁù „súxms„sV´R…Vƒ«sLi g_Lki ®ªs[V ú{ms¸R…V»y„sV¼½ e G»R½»`½ g_Lkiúª«s»R½ƒyõª«sV ˳ÏÁªy¬dsÍÜ[NRPµy¸R…VNRPLi ee 52

xmsouyùµ_ ¸R…VxqsòQû¹¸…WµR…aSùLi NRPX»y* ƒ«sNRPòª«sV´][xmsoƒ«sM e @a][NRPLi NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi µR…µyùµj…ORPV¸R…VVNRPòLi µR…aSLigRiVÌÁª±sV 53

„súFy¸R…V ª«sxqsòQûxqsLi¸R…VVNRPòLi úxmsµR…Vùª«sVõM ú{ms¸R…V»y„sV¼½ e NRPÌÁöLi „sxtñsvxmsolLi[ zqós»y* „sa][NRPryù»R½Vöƒ«sL`i ƒ«sXxms 54

G»R½»`½ NSª«sVúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV xqsµy a][NRP„sƒyaRPƒ«sLi e Auy²³yµj…úª«s¾»½[ ¸R…VxqsVò ª«sLêRiQù¹¸…[VµR…ùM xmnsÍØaRPƒ«sLi ee 55

¿y»R½VLSø}qsù ¬sª«sX¾»½[ò »R½V xmnsVÈÁLi xqsLjiöLæRiV²y¬s*»R½Li e NSLjiòNSùLi »R½»R½Vöƒ«sL`i\|¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi úËØx¤¦¦¦øßظR…V ¬s®ªs[µR…¹¸…[V»`½ ee 56

xqs LRiVúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sWF¡õ¼½ bPª«súª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e ª«sLêRi¹¸…[VµR…ùxqsVò xmsouyößÓá }¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi¾»½[ bPbPLSª«sX¾»½[ ee 57

xmsoxtsQöú»R½¸R…VLi ¿RÁ FnyÌæÁVƒyùLi NRPX»y* aRPNSòQù ¿RÁ NSLi¿RÁƒ«sª±sV e µR…µyùµôðj…*NSÌÁ®ªs[ÎظR…WLi ú{ms¹¸…[V»yLi bPª«sZNP[aRPª_ ee 58

µR…»yòQ* xmsLRiLi xmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ r¢ª«sVùúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e FnyÌæÁVßصj…»R½X¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi ÌÁª«sßáLi ª«sxqsVò ª«sLêRi¹¸…[V»`½ ee 59

xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ aRP¸R…Vƒ«sLi µR…µyù»`½ gRiXx¤¦¦¦Li ¿][xmsxqsäLS¬s*»R½Li e xqsLixmspÇÁù „súxms„sV´R…Vƒ«sLi ˳ÏÁªy¬ds ú{ms¸R…V»y„sV¼½ ee 60

g_LkiÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»`½ NRPÌÁöLi r¢Ë³ØgRiùúª«s»R½ª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ e xqsLiµ³yùª«s°ƒ«sLi ƒ«sLRiM NRPX»y* xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ xmnsVX»R½NRPVLi˳ÏÁNRPLi ee 61

ª«sxqsòQû¸R…VVgRiøLi ¼½Í؃±s xmnsVLiÉØLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßظR…V ¬s®ªs[µR…¹¸…[V»`½ e ÍÜ[NRPLi ryLRixqs*»R½Li ¸R…W¼½ xmsoƒ«sLSª«sX¼½òµR…VLýRi˳ÏÁLi ee 62

C\|ms ¬sNRP úª«s»R½ª«sVVÌÁZNPÌýÁ ƒ«sV»R½òª«sVª«sVgRiV ¬sLiN]NRP úª«s»R½ª«sWƒ«s¼½»R½Vòƒ«sV. Bµj… ª«sV¥¦¦¦ Fy»R½NRP ƒyaRPƒ«sª«sVV LRiVúµR…V²yƒ«s¼½ÀÁ胫sµj…µj…. INRP ¹¸…[V²yµj… ƒ«sNRPòúª«s»R½ª«sW¿RÁLjiLiÀÁ (LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV}qszqs) INRP NRPVÈÁVLiÕÁNTP ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬sNTP g][ª«so»][ ‡ÁLigSLRiV ¿RÁúNRPª«sVV ú¼½aRPWÌÁª«sVV µyƒ«s„dsVª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. BÈýÁV }qszqsƒ«s»R½²R…V bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV ®µ…[ª«sú»R½»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV }msLRiV ¬sµj… xmsLRiª«sVxmsoßáùª«sVV. ILiÉÓÁxmspÇÁ ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV }qszqs FsµôR…V»][ Aª«soƒ«sVª«soƒ«sV ª«sµR…ÌÁª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ¼½ÌÁ®µ³…[ƒ«sV µyƒ«sª«sVV NRPW²y ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. xmsoßáùúª«s»R½„sVµj… }qszqs ƒ«s»R½²R…V bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµyƒ«sLiµj…Li¿RÁVƒ«sV. Bµj… ˳ÏÁúµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVV ˳ÏÁ¸R…Va][NRPª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV x¤¦¦¦LjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. ‡ÁLigSLRiV ¬dsÍÜ[»R½öÌÁª«sVV (ƒ«sÌýÁ NRPÌÁ*xmspª«so) ¿Á[LiVVLiÀÁ xmsLi¿RÁµyLRi ¬sLizmsƒ«s Fyú»R½»][ µyƒ«s„dsV¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. G²yµj… L][ÇÁÙ „s²T…ÀÁ L][ÇÁÙ ƒ«sNRPò ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV (LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV) }qszqs ª«sXxtsQ˳ÏÁª«sVVgRiW²R… µyƒ«s„sVÀÁè ƒ«s»R½²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV. Auy²³R… xmspLñjiª«sV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV ƒyÌæÁV ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁV ¿y»R½VLSøxqsùª«sVV »R½ÌÁLiÈÁV ª«sW¬s®ªs[zqs ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«s Fyú»R½ª«sVV µyƒ«sª«sVV }qszqsƒ«s „sxtñsv ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV, ª«sxqsLi»R½ ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÍÜ[ |msLRiVgRiV FyÌÁV ®ƒs[LiVV ª«sµR…ÖÁ (»yƒ«sV ˳ÏÁVÑÁLixmsNRP) LRixqsFyú»R½ª«sVV»][ gRiW²R… xqsƒ«sõ¬s ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁV µyƒ«sª«sVV }qszqsƒ«s¿][ g_Lkiúª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. B„s LiVV¿RÁV胫sxmso²R…V ""g_Lki®ªs[V ú{ms¸R…V»yª±sV'' ƒy¹¸…V²R…ÌÁ g_Lki®µ…[„s úxmsxqsƒ«sVõLSÌÁgRiVƒ«sV gSª«so»R½ @¬s xmsÖÁNTP LiVW¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. Bµj… }qszqsƒ«s ˳ÏÁªy¬ds ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…Vƒ«sV xmsoxtsQùaRPVµôR… ú»R½¹¸…WµR…bPƒy²R…V ƒ«sNRPòª«sVV}qszqs ‡ÁLigSLRixmso @a][NRPxmsoxtsQöª«sVVƒ«sV xmsµj… ¸R…VLigRiVÎÏÁª«sVVÌÁ F~²R…\®ªsƒ«s ¿ÁàáNRPV gRi²R…»][ „súxmso¬sNTP ª«sxqsòQûª«sVV»][gRiW²R… ""úxmsµR…Vùª«sVõM ú{ms¸R…V»yª«sV¼½'' úxmsµR…Vùª«sVVõ²R…V úxmsxqsƒ«sVõ²R…VgSgSª«so»R½ª«sV¬s LiVW¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. Bµj… }qszqs ƒ«s»R½²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…V INRP NRPÌÁöª«sVV ¬sª«szqsLiÀÁ ¹¸…[V a][NRPª«sVVÛÍÁ[¬sªy\®²… ÇÁ¬søLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. Bµj… NSª«sVúª«s»R½ª«sVV @ƒ«sV }msLjiµj…. a][NRP ƒyaRPƒ«sª«sVV c Auy²³yµj… úª«s»R½ª«sVLiµR…V ¿y»R½VLSøxqsùª«sVLiµR…V (ƒyÌæÁV ®ƒsÌÁÌÁV) G xmsLi²R…VgS¬s ¼½ƒ«sNRP ÀÁª«sLRi úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬sNTP ÛËÁÌýÁª«sVV»][gRiW²R… ®ƒs[¼½»][²T… ‡ÁLigSLRiV Fyú»R½ª«sVV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s FnyÌæÁVƒ«s aRPVNýRP »R½X¼d½¸R…V ƒ«sVLiÀÁ ¹¸…VVNRPä xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV DxmsöVƒ«sV ¼½ƒ«sgRiW²R…µR…V. xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ÀÁª«sLRi aRP¸R…Wùµyƒ«sª«sVV xqsLRi*ryª«sWúgji»][ gRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sV „súxms µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁ ""˳ÏÁªy¬ds ú{ms¸R…V»yª±sV'' ˳ÏÁªy¬s (g_Lji) ú{ms¼½|qsLiµR…VgSª«so»R½ª«sV¬s LiVW¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. r¢Ë³ØgRiùª«sVƒ«sV }msLji LiVW úª«s»R½ª«sVV }qszqsƒ«s xmsoßáVù²R…V g_LkiÍÜ[NRPƒ«sVLiµ]NRP NRPÌÁöª«sVVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V xqsLiµ³R…ù®ªs[ÎÏÁÌÁ ª«s°ƒ«súª«s»R½ª«sVW¬s ¹¸…[V²yµj… ÀÁª«sLRi ®ƒs[¼½ NRP²R…ª«sƒ«sV ‡ÁÈíÁÌÁ¿yxmso (lLiLi²R…V ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV) »R½ZNPä²R… xmnsVLiÈÁƒ«sV úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVƒ«sNUP¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁ. xmsoƒ«sLSª«sX¼½òÛÍÁ[¬s (¼½àÓágjiLS¬s) ryLRixqs*»R½ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV (xqsLRixqs*¼d½ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV) ËÜLiµR…Vƒ«sV. ryLRixqs*»R½ úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi ¬sµj… LRiWxmsª«sVVƒ«sV (@LiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV) „sµR…ùƒ«sV ¹¸…VVxqsLigRiVƒ«sV. 62

G»R½»y=LRixqs*»R½Li ƒyª«sV LRiWxms„sµyùúxmsµy¸R…VNRPª±sV e ÌÁOUPQQøª«sV˳ÏÁùLRièQù xmsLi¿RÁª«sWùª«sVVxmsªy{qs ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM ee 63

xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ }¤¦¦¦ª«sVNRPª«sVÌÁLi µR…µyù®µôð…[ƒ«sVxqsª«sV¬s*»R½Li e xqs \®ªs „sxtñsvxmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ ÌÁOUPQQøMryù»`½ ÇÁƒ«søÇÁƒ«sø¬s ee 64

G»R½»`½ ÌÁOUPQQø úª«s»R½ƒyõª«sV µR…VMÅÁa][NRP„sƒyaRPƒ«sLi e NRPX»][*xmsÛÍÁ[xmsƒ«sLi aRPLi˳Ü[LRiúgRi»R½M ZNP[aRPª«sxqsù ¿RÁee 65

xmsLi¿RÁ„sV ¼½´j…¸R…VLiµR…V ÌÁOUPQQø ®µ…[„sƒ«sLjièLiÀÁ ¸R…VVxmsªyxqsª«sVVLi²T… ¹¸…[V²yµj… ÀÁª«sLRi ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVV µR…OTPQßágS ‡ÁLigSLRiV NRPª«sVÌÁ„dsV¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @ÈÁV}qszqsƒ«s ¸R…V»R½²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV, ÇÁƒ«søÇÁƒ«søÌÁNRPVƒ«sV ÌÁOTPQQø gRiÌæÁVƒ«sV. ÌÁOTPQQøQúª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sVƒ«sµj… µR…VMÅÁa][NRP„sƒyaRPNRPª«sVV. 65

¸R…Wª«sµR…‡ôðÁLi xmsoƒ«slLôði[¸R…W ®µ³…[ƒ«sVLêRiÌÁxmnsVÈÁ xqsòµy e ÇÁƒyø¸R…VV»R½Li xqs LSÇØ ryù»R½ò»R½M bPª«sxmsoLRiLi úª«sÛÇÁ[»`½ ee 66

G»R½µy¸R…VVLRiûQ*»R½ƒyõª«sV xqsLRi*NSª«sVúxmsµy¸R…VNRPLi e @aRP*»óR½Li ˳ØxqsäLRiLi gRiLigSLi úxmsßá\®ªsVùNSúgRiª«sWƒ«sxqsM ee 67

bPª«so¬sª«sVVLiµR…V „sxtñsvª«soª«sVVLiµR…V (®µ…[ªyÌÁ¸R…Vª«sVVÍÜ[) @ÖÁNTP úª«sVVgæRiVÌÁV®ªsÉíÓÁ ¸R…WLRiV ª«sWryÌÁV xmspÑÁLiÀÁ ÀÁª«sLRi g][ª«soƒ«sV ÇÁÌÁNRPVLi˳ÏÁª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s¿][ ƒ«s»R½²R…V xmsµj…®ªs[ÛÍÁ[Liú²R…V úxms˳ÏÁV\®ªs \|ms¬s bPª«sxmsoLRiª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…Vƒ«sV, Bµj… A¸R…VVLRiûQ*»R½ª«sVV xqsLRi*NSª«sVúxmsµR…ª«sVV. 67

GNRP˳ÏÁNRPòLi ƒ«sLRiM NRPVLSùµR…‡ôÁ®ªs[VNRPLi „sª«sV»R½=LRiM e úª«s»yLi¾»½[ „súxms„sV´R…Vƒ«sLi xmspÇÁùLi ®µ³…[ƒ«sVú»R½¸R…W¬s*»R½Li ee 68

ª«sXORPQLi z¤¦¦¦LRißáø¸R…VLi µR…µyùµ`… r¡7aRP*®ªs[Vµ³R…xmnsÌÁLi ÌÁÛ˳Á[»`½ e G»R½¼d½äQQLjiòúª«s»R½ƒyõª«sV ˳ÏÁW¼½NUPLjiòxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV ee 69

LS„s¿ÁÈíÁVƒ«sV ˳ØxqsäLRiV¬s gRiLigRiƒ«sV GNSúgRi ª«sVƒ«sxqsVäQ\®²… ú®ªsVVNTPä ¹¸…VVNRPä ¹¸…[V²R…V GNRP˳ÏÁNRPòª«sVV}qszqs ª«sW»R½=LRiùª«sVV „s²T…ÀÁ xqsª«sWzmsò¸R…VLiµR…V úËØx¤¦¦¦øßá µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁ ª«sVW²yª«soÌÁ»][ ‡ÁLigSLRiV ª«sXORPQª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s ¸R…V»R½²R…V @aRP*®ªs[Vµ³R…ª«sVV}qszqsƒ«s xmnsÌÁª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV. NUPLjiòúª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi¬sµj… \¹¸…VaRP*LRiùª«sVVƒ«sV NUPLjiò¬s LiVV¿RÁV胫sV.

xmnsVX¾»½[ƒ«s xqsõxmsƒ«sLi NRPX»y* aRPLi˳Ü[LS* ZNP[aRPª«sxqsù ªy e @ORPQ»yÕ³ÁM xqsVxmsoFyöÕ³ÁM NRPX»y* g][ª«sV¸R…Vª«sVßñáÌÁª±sV ee 70

xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ }¤¦¦¦ª«sVNRPª«sVÌÁLi ¼½ÌÁ®µ³…[ƒ«sVxqsª«sV¬s*»R½Li e aRPWÌÁª«sVuíyLigRiVÌÁLi µR…µyù»`½ bPª«sÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦¸R…V¾»½[ ee 71

ryª«sVgS¸R…Vƒ«sNRPLi \¿Áª«s ryª«sVúª«s»R½„sVx¤¦Ü[¿RÁù¾»½[ e ƒ«sª«sª«sWùLi GNRP˳ÏÁNRPòLi »R½V NRPX»y* NRPƒyùaRPè aRPNTPò»R½M ee 72

˳Ü[ÇÁLiVV»y* xqsª«sVLi µR…µyù»`½ }¤¦¦¦ª«sVNRPLi¿RÁVNRPªyxqs{qs e \|¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi zqsLix¤¦¦¦Li ¿RÁ „súFy¸R…V µR…µyùÀÁè骫sxmsµR…Li úª«sÛÇÁ[»`½ ee 73

ÇÁƒyøLRiV÷µR…Li xqsVLRiWxmsM ryù¿RÁèé»R½XÕ³ÁaSèxmsLSÑÁ»R½M e G»R½µk…*LRiúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV ƒ«sLSßØLi ¿RÁ xqsVÅÁúxmsµR…Li ee 74

x¤¦¦¦Lji¬sgS¬s x¤¦¦¦LRiV¬sgS¬s ®ƒs[¼½»][ ƒ«sÕ³Á}tsQNRPª«sVV}qszqs xmspÌÁ»][ @ORPQ»R½ÌÁ»][ ƒ«sLjièLiÀÁ g][ª«sV¸R…Vª«sVV»][ ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁ®ªsVVƒ«sLjiLiÀÁ ¸R…VLjièLiÀÁ ¹¸…[V²yµj… ÀÁª«sLRi ‡ÁLigSLRiV NRPª«sVÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV ¼½ÌÁ®µ³…[ƒ«sVª«so»][ NRPÖÁzms ¹¸…V¬s„sVµR…LigRiVÎØÌÁ aRPWÌÁª«sVV»][ µyƒ«s„dsV¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. Bµj… }qszqsƒ«s bPª«sÍÜ[NRP ª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV C µyƒ«sª«sVV ryª«sV®ªs[µj…¸R…VgRiV „súxmso¬sNUP¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ryª«sVúª«s»R½ª«sV¬s úxmszqsµôR…ª«sVV.

ƒ«sª«s„sVƒy²R…V GNRP˳ÏÁNRPòª«sVV}qszqs ‡ÁLigRiLRiV ÇÁLki LRi„sZNPÌÁV ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁV ‡ÁLigSLRiV zqsLix¤¦¦¦ª«sVVúµR… „súxmso¬sNUP¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. Bµj… bPª«súª«s»R½ª«sVV. Bµj… }qszqsƒ«s µ³R…ƒ«sVù²R…V.

@LRiV÷µR…ª«sVV: ÇÁƒ«søÌÁV @LiµR…gS\®²… aRPú»R½Vª«soÌÁNRPV ÇÁLiVVLixms ª«saRPª«sVVgSNRP úxms˳ÏÁV\®ªs a][Õ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. Bµj… „dsLRi úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi ª«sWƒ«sª«soÌÁNRPV xqsVÅÁúxmsµR…ª«sVV.

\¿Áú»yµj…¿RÁ»R½VL][ ª«sWryƒ±s ÇÁÌÁLi µR…µyùµôR…¸R…W¬s*»R½M e úª«s»yLi¾»½[ ª«sVßÓáNRPLi µR…µyùµR…ƒ«sõLi ª«sxqsòQûxqsª«sV¬s*»R½Li ee 75

¼½ÌÁFyú»R½Li z¤¦¦¦LRißáùLi ¿RÁ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦¸R…V¾»½[ e NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ ˳ÏÁW»R½ÇÁƒ«sƒ«sª«sWƒ«sLiµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ ee76

\¿Áú»yµj…gRi ƒyÌÁVgRiV ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁV µR…¸R…Vg]¬s ÇÁÌÁµyƒ«sª«sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. úª«s»R½ª«sVV ÀÁª«sLRi @ƒ«sõª«sVV ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁ»][ ª«sVßÓáNRPª«sVV (LRi»R½õª«sVV) ¼½ÌÁFyú»R½ƒ«sV ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV ƒ¯xqsLigRiª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVV µR…ƒ«sVNRP HaRP*LRiù„sV¿RÁV胫sV. Bµj… Aƒ«sLiµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV.

xmsLi¿yª«sVX¾»½[ƒ«s xqsõxmsƒ«sLi NRPX»y* xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiLi „s˳Ü[M e ª«s»R½=LSLi¾»½[ xmsoƒ«sLôRiµyù®µôð…[ƒ«sVLi xmsLi¿yª«sVX»y¬s*»yLi ee 77

„súFy¸R…V µR…µyù¿RÁèéLi¿RÁ xqs xmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ aSLiNRPLRiLi e LSÇØ Ë³ÏÁª«s¼½ NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ µ³R…X¼½úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li úaRPV»R½Li ee 78

ª«sLêRiLiVV»y* xmsoª«sWƒ«sz¤¦¦¦LiryLi úª«s»yLi¾»½[ g][úxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e »R½µR…*®µôð…[ª«sVª«sVXgRiLi µR…µyù»`½ r¡7aRP*®ªs[VxmnsÌÁLi ÌÁÛ˳Á[»`½ ee 79

@z¤¦¦¦Liryúª«s»R½„sV»R½VùQQNRPòLi NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ ˳ÏÁWxms¼½LRi÷鮪s[»`½ e

aRPLiNRPLRiV¬sNTP INRPä xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV xmsLi¿yª«sVX»R½ ryõƒ«sª«sVV gS„sLiÀÁ ÀÁª«sLRi ª«sVLRiÌÁ xmsLi¿yª«sVX»R½ª«sVVÌÁ»][ gRiW²R… g][ª«soƒ«sV „súxmso¬sNTP aRPLiÅÁª«sVV»][¬ds¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. A xmsoßáVù²R…V aSLiNRPLRi róyƒ«sª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV INRPä NRPÌÁöª«sVVƒ«sVLi²T… ¸R…W\|ms ˳ÏÁW„sV\|ms úxms˳ÏÁVª_ƒ«sV. Bµj… µ³R…X¼½úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi „sƒ«s\®ƒsƒ«sµj…. ª«sWƒ«sª«so²R…V z¤¦¦¦Lixqs ª«sµR…ÖÁ ¹¸…[V²yµj… ÀÁª«sLRi g][µyƒ«sª«sVV }qszqsƒ«s¿][ ¬sµj… @z¤¦¦¦Liry úª«s»R½ª«sVV 79 1/2

NRPÌÁùª«sVV»óy¸R…V \®ªs ryõƒ«sLi NRPX»y* µyLixms»R½ùª«sVLRi蹸…[V»`½ ee 80

˳Ü[ÇÁLiVV»y* ¸R…V´yaRPNTPò ª«sWÌÁùª«sxqsòQû„s˳ÏÁWxtsQ\âßáM e xqsWLRiùÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁöLi xqsWLRiùúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li úaRPV»R½Li ee 81

úª«s»R½ª«sVV ÀÁª«sLRi ‡ÁLigSLRiV ®ªsLi²T…¬s g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«sª«sVV}qszqsƒ«s ƒ«s»R½²R…V @aRP*®ªs[Vµ³R… xmnsÌÁª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV @z¤¦¦¦Liry úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi ¬sµj… }qszqs ƒ«s»R½²R…V NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V úxms˳ÏÁVª«sgRiVƒ«sV. ®ªs[NRPVª«sƒ«s ÛÍÁ[ÀÁ ryõƒ«sª«sVV}qszqs µR…Lixms¼½ xmspÇÁ }qszqs ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV ®ªsÉíÓÁ ¸R…V´yaRPNTPò xmspÌÁ ª«sWÌÁÌÁ ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ ˳ÏÁWxtsQß᪫sVVÌÁ¿Á[ ‡ÁWÑÁLiÀÁƒ«s xmsoßáùbdPÖÁ¹¸…VVNRPä NRPÌÁöª«sVV xqsWLRiùÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…VLi²R…Vƒ«sV. xqsWLRiù úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sV }msLRi¬sµj… „sƒ«s‡Á²T…ƒ«sµj….

Auy²³yµj…¿RÁ»R½VLSøxqsLi úFy»R½MryõLiVW ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM e „súFy¸R…V ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sLi µR…»y* NSLjiòNSùLi g][úxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ ee 82

Auy²³R…ª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV ƒyÌæÁV ª«sWxqsª«sVVÌÁV úFy»R½Mryõƒ«sª«sVV }qszqs µR…Lixms»R½VÌÁNRPV ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV ®ªsÉíÓÁ NSLkiòNRPª«sWxqsª«sVLiµR…V g][ª«so¬sÀÁ胫s ƒ«s»R½²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sV Bµj… \®ªsxtñsQª«s úª«s»R½ª«sVV.

xqs \®ªsxtñsQª«sxmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ „sxtñsvúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li úaRPV»R½Li e @¸R…VƒyµR…¸R…Vƒ«sLi ¸R…Wª«sµR…*LêRi¹¸…[V»`½ xmsoxtsQöxqsLjiö{tsQ ee 83

»R½µR…Li¾»½[ xmsoxtsQöª«sVƒyõ¬s xmnsVX»R½®µ³…[ƒy* xqs\|¤¦¦¦ª«s »R½V µR…»y* bPª«sxmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ „súFy¸R…V xmnsVX»R½Fy¸R…VxqsLi ee 84

G»R½ÀdÁèéÌÁúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV bdPÍØL][gRiùxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…Li e ¸R…Wª«s»R½=ª«sVLi ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[µR…ùxqsVò xmsLi¿RÁµR…aSùLi xms¹¸…W úª«s»R½M ee 85

xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ úaSµôðR…NRPXµôR…µyùµæyaRPè xmsLi¿RÁ xms¸R…Vzqs*¬dsM e ªyryLizqs ¿RÁ zmsaRPLigS¬s ÇÁÌÁNRPVLi˳ÏÁ¸R…VV»y¬s ¿RÁ ee86

xqs ¸R…W¼½ \®ªsxtísQª«sLi ÍÜ[NRPLi zms»R½YßØLi »yLRi¹¸…[V¿RÁèé»R½ª±sV ee 87

NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ LSÇÁLSÛÇÁ[LiúµR… zms»R½Xúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e xqsLiµ³yùµk…xmsúxmsµ][ ¸R…VxqsVò xmnsVX\¾»½|q^s#òÌÁLi „sª«sLêRi¹¸…[V»`½ ee88

INRP @¸R…Vƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sVLi²T… LiVVLiN]NRP @¸R…Vƒ«sª«sVVµyNRP AàáV ª«sWryÌÁV xmsoª«so* »yNRPLSµR…V. ®ƒs[LiVV ªy²R…LSµR…V. A„dsVµR… g][ª«so»][ xmspª«soÌÁV @ƒ«sõª«sVV xmnsVX»R½ ®µ³…[ƒ«sVª«so»][ gRiÖÁzms úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬sN]xqsgji ƒ«s»R½²R…V bPª«sÍÜ[NRP®ªs[VgRiVƒ«sV. Bµj… bdPÌÁúª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. Bµj… D»R½òª«sV bdPÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV AL][gRiùª«sVV¿RÁV胫sV.

INRP xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ú»R½¹¸…WµR…bP ¼½´j…¸R…VLiµR…V FyÌÁV ª«sWú»R½ª«sVV ú»ygji xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ÀÁª«sLRi zms»R½X ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁNRPV úaSµôðR…ª«sVV®ªsÉíÓÁ \¹¸…VµR…V FyÖÁ¿RÁVè g][ª«soÌÁƒ«sV FsàüáLRiLigRiV ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ÇÁÌÁNRPVLi˳ÏÁª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s»R½²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRP®ªs[VgRiVƒ«sV. zms»R½LRiVÌÁ ƒ«sWLRiV »R½LSÌÁ ªyLjiƒ«sVµôðR…LjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVLiµR…V ryLRi*˳ݪ«sVV²R…gRiVƒ«sV. zms»R½Xúª«s»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV }msLRi ¬sµj… xqsøQX¼½zqsµôðR…ª«sVV. 88

xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ µk…xmsNRPLi µR…µyù¿RÁèéúNRPLi aRPWÌÁLi NSLi¿RÁƒ«sª±sV e ª«sxqsòQû¸R…VVgRiøLi ¿RÁ „súFy¸R…V xqs ¾»½[ÇÁzqs* ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[ƒ«sõLRiM ee 89

ª«s»R½=LSLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV µk…xmsª«sVVƒ«sV, ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sV, aRPWÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV, ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVª«s*ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV „súxmsoƒ«sNRPV ª«sxqsòQû¸R…VVgRiøª«sVV NRPW²y B¿RÁVè ƒ«sLRiV²R…V ¾»½[ÇÁzqs* ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV.

LRiVúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ µk…zmsòúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sVe NSLjiòNSµj…»R½X¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi úFyaRPù g][ª«sVWú»R½¸R…Wª«sNRPª±sV ee 90

LRiVúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sW F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. Bµj… µk…zmsòúª«s»R½ª«sV¬s }msL]Liµj…ƒ«sµj…. NSLkiòNRPª«sVV ®ªsVVµR…VÌÁV ª«sVW²R…ª«s ®ƒsÌÁ¸R…VLiµR…V g][ª«sVWú»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV, ¸R…Vª«sÌÁúµR…ª«sª«sVVƒ«sV ú»y„s.

ƒ«sNRPòLi ¿RÁlLi[µR…‡ôÁ®ªs[VNRPª«sVËØò®ƒs[ò g][úxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e g_LkiÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁöLi »R½»][ LSÇØ Ë³ÏÁ##®ªs[µj…x¤¦¦¦ ee 91

INRP xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV LSú¼½ gRi²T…zms, xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ÀÁª«sLRi g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVª«s*ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @ÛÉý^Áƒ«s NRPÌÁöª«sVVª«sLRiNRPV g_LkiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sVLi²T…, »R½LRiVªy»R½ LSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV. 91

G»R½úµR…VúµR…úª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sW xqsµy NRPÍØùßáNSLRiNRPª±sV e ª«sLêRi¹¸…[V¿RÁè»R½VL][ ª«sWryƒ±s ¸R…VxqsVò gRiLiµ³yƒ«sVÛÍÁ[xmsƒ«sª±sV ee 92

aRPVNTPògRiLiµ³yORPQ»yƒ±s µR…µyùµj…*úFy¸R…V zqs»R½ªyxqs{qs e ªyLRiVßáLi xmsµR…ª«sWF¡õ¼½ µR…X²³R…úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 93

Bµj… FsÌýÁxmsö²R…W NRPÍØùß᪫sVV NRPÖÁgjiLi¿RÁV LRiVúµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sVƒ«sµj… c gRiLiµ³yƒ«sVÛÍÁ[xmsƒy¬sõ ƒyÌÁVgRiV ®ƒsÌÁÌÁV ª«sµj…ÖÁ „súxmsoƒ«sNRPV ª«sVV»R½ùxmso gRiLiµ³yORPQ»R½ÌÁƒ«sV, aRPVú˳ÏÁª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVª«s*ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ª«sLRiVßá xmsµR…ª«sVVƒ«s úFyzmsòLixmsÛÇÁ[¸R…VV µR…X²³R…úª«s»R½„sVµj…. 93

\®ªsaSÛÆÁ[ xmsoxtsQöÌÁª«sßáLi ª«sLêRi¹¸…[VµR…´R… g][úxmsµR…M e ˳ÏÁW»y* „sxtñsvxms®µ…[ NRPÌÁöLi zqós»y* LSÇØ Ë³ÏÁ##®ªs[µj…x¤¦¦¦ ee 94

G»R½¿yèé¬sòúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV NUPLjiòNSª«sVxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV e ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…Li NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi NRPX»y* ¼½ÌÁLSbP xqsª«sV¬s*»R½ª±sV ee 95

xmnsVX¾»½[ƒyƒ«sùúxmsµ][˳ÏÁW»y*ª«sz¤¦¦¦õLi xqsLi»R½LRiöQùxqsµôj…*ÇÁª±sV e xqsLixmspÇÁù „súxmsµyLixms»R½ùLi ª«sWÌÁùª«sxqsòQû „s˳ÏÁWxtsQ\âßáM ee 96

aRPNTPò»R½zqsòQûxmsÍصR…WLôðRiQ*Li „saS*»yø ú{ms¸R…V»y„sV¼½ e xmsoâßá[ù7z¤¦¦¦õ µR…µyùµR…xmslLi[ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ¸R…W»R½ùxmsoƒ«sLRi÷骫sª±sV ee 97

\®ªsaSÅÁª«sVVƒ«s xmspÌÁV, DxmsöV ª«sµR…ÖÁ g][µyƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s „sxtñsvxmsµR…ª«sVVƒ«s NRPÌÁöª«sVV ª«sLRiNRPV ª«soLi²T… LSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV. NUPLjiòNSª«sVxmnsÌÁª«sVVÌÁƒ¯xqsgRiV Bµj… aSLi¼½úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV c ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVV»][, ¼½ÌÁLSbPÍÜ[ƒ«sVLiÀÁƒ«s ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²R…ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬s, ª«sz¤¦¦¦õ¬s xqsLi»R½LjiöLiÀÁ „súª«sµR…Lixms»R½VÌÁƒ«sV ª«sWÌÁùª«sxqsòQû „s˳ÏÁWxtsQßØÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLiÀÁ ¸R…V´yaRPNTPò ª«sVW²R…V xmsÌÁª«sVVÌÁNRPV \|msƒ«s DLi²R…Vƒ«sÈýÁV ¿Á[zqs ª«sVLiÀÁ L][ÇÁÙƒ«s "„saS*»R½ø ú{ms¼½ ¿ÁLiµR…VgS»R½'¸R…V¬s µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s ®ªsWORPQª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…Vƒ«sV.

G»R½µ`… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV ¬sLS*ßáxmnsÌÁµR…Li ƒ«sXßت±sV e ¸R…Va][è˳ÏÁ¸R…Vª«sVVÐdÁLi µR…µyù»`½ úxms˳ÏÁW»R½xqsNRPÍجs*»R½ª±sV ee 98

µj…ƒ«sLi xms¹¸…Wúª«s»R½Li ¼½}tîsQ»`½ xqs ¸R…W¼½ xmsLRiª«sVLi xmsµR…ª±sVe G»R½\®µ…Q* xqsVúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV xmsoƒ«sLSª«sX¼½òµR…VLýRi˳ÏÁª±sV ee 99

®ªsWORPQª«sVV¬s¿RÁVè Bµj… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øúª«s»R½ª«sVV c xmsgRiÌÁLi»y FyÌÁƒ«sV ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V {qs*NRPLjiLiÀÁ g][µyƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy²R…V xmsLRiª«sVxmsµR…ª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. Bµj… xqsVúª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«sVƒ«sµj….

»R½ûQùx¤¦¦¦Li xms¹¸…Wúª«s»R½M zqós»y* NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi NRPÌÁöFyµR…xmsª±sV e xmsÍصR…WLóRiQ*Li ¸R…V´yaRPNTPò »R½Li²R…VÌÁúxmsxqósxqsLi¸R…VV»R½ª±sV ee 100

µR…»yòQ* ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øxmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ Õ³dÁª«sVúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e ª«sWr¡xmsªy{qs ¹¸…W µR…µyù®µôð…[ƒ«sVLi „súFy¸R…V a][˳ÏÁƒyª±sV ee 101

ƒ«s \®ªsxtñsQª«sxmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ Õ³dÁª«sVúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e µR…µy*µj…*LiaRP»R½öÍصR…WLôðRiQ*Li ª«sV{¤¦¦¦Li NRPX»y* »R½V NSLi¿RÁ¬dsª±sV ee102

µj…ƒ«sLi xms¹¸…Wúª«s»R½zqsò}tîsQúµR…VúµR…ÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦¸R…V¾»½[ e µ³R…ƒ«súxmsµR…„sVµR…Li úF¡NRPòLi xqsxmsòNRPÌÁöaRP»yƒ«sVgRiª±sV ee 103

ª«sVW²R…VL][ÇÁÙÌÁV OUPQLRiª«sVV®ƒs[ úgRiz¤¦¦¦LiÀÁ xmsÌÁª«sVVNRPLiÛÉÁ[ FsNRPV䪫s ª«soLi²R…Vƒ«sÈýÁV ‡ÁLigSLRiV NRPÌÁöª«sXORPQª«sVVƒ«sV ÕÁ¸R…VùLiÍÜ[ ª«soLiÀÁ µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øxmsµR…ª«sVVƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. Bµj… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øúª«s»R½ª«sVV. INRP®ƒsÌÁ Dxmsª«szqsLiÀÁ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬sNTP @LiµR…\®ªsVƒ«s g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèªy²R…V „sxtñsvÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV c Bµj… Õ³dÁª«sVúª«s»R½ª«sVV. L][ÇÁLi»y FyÌÁ®ƒs[ {qs*NRPLjiLiÀÁ BLRiVª«sµj… xmsÌÁª«sVVÌÁNRPLiÛÉÁ \|msƒ«s ª«soLi²R…Vƒ«sÈýÁV ‡ÁLigSLRiV˳ÏÁW„sV ¬s¿RÁVèªy²R…V LRiVúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. µ³R…ƒ«sª«sVVƒ¯xqsgRiV G²R…Vª«sLiµR…ÌÁ NRPÌÁöª«sVVÌÁV ®ªsLiÈÁƒ«sVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. 103

ª«sW}mnsVª«sWxqsù´R… \¿Áú¾»½[ ªy gRiV²R…®µ³…[ƒ«sVúxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e gRiV²R…úª«s»R½Li »R½X¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi g_LkiÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦¸R…V¾»½[ ee 104

ª«sWxmnsVª«sWxqsª«sVVÍÜ[ ÛÍÁ[µy \¿Áú»yª«sWxqsª«sVVÍÜ[ gRiV²R…®µ…[ƒ«sVª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s gRiV²R…ª«sú»R½ ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV µk…¬s®ƒs[ g_LjiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. 104

ª«sV¥¦¦¦ª«sú»R½„sVµR…Li ƒyª«sV xmsLRiª«sWƒ«sLiµR… NSLRiNRPª±sV e xmsO][Qxmsªy{qs ¹¸…W µR…µyùµj…*úFy¸R…V NRPzmsÍصR…*¸R…Vª±sV ee 105

xqs ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sWF¡õ¼½ ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRiƒ«sVxmspÑÁ»R½M e NRPÍØö®ƒs[ò xqsLRi*LSÇØ ryù»`½ úxms˳Øúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 106

xmsLRiª«sWƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV¬s¿RÁVè Bµj… ª«sV¥¦¦¦úª«s»R½ª«sVV. xmsORPQª«sVVL][ÇÁÙÌÁV Dxmsª«szqsLiÀÁ „súxmso²T…NTP ¾»½ÌýÁ¬s g][ª«soÌÁ lLiLiÉÓÁ¬s µyƒ«s „sVÀÁ胫s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRiVÌÁ¿Á[ xmspÇÁƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s LSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV. Bµj… úxms˳Øúª«s»R½ª«sVV 106

ª«s»R½=LRiLi ¾»½[*NRP˳ÏÁNSòbdP xqs˳ÏÁORPQQùÇÁÌÁNRPVLi˳ÏÁµR…M e bPª«sÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁöLi úFyzmsò úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 107

INRP ª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV INRPxmspÈÁ ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«s®ªs[V ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁW ˳ÏÁORPQQùª«sVVÌÁV, ÇÁÌÁª«sVVgRiÌÁ NRPVLi˳ÏÁª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s NRPÌÁ誫sVVª«sLRiNRPV ª«soLi²R…Vƒ«sV. Bµj… úFyzmsòúª«s»R½ª«sVV 107

ƒ«sNSòbdP »R½*xtísQ„dsVxtsv ryùµR…*»R½=LSLi¾»½[ »R½V ®µ³…[ƒ«sVµR…M e F¢LRiLiµR…LRiLi xmsoLRiLi ¸R…W¼½ xqsVgRi¼½úª«s»R½ª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ ee 108

BLiµ³R…ƒ«sLi ¹¸…W µR…®µ…[µj…*ú}ms ª«sL<Sµk…LiaRPè»R½VLRixqsòQùQX»R½Wƒ±s e xmnsVX»R½®µ³…[ƒ«sVúxmsµ][Li¾»½[ ¿RÁ xqs xmsLRiLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø gRi¿RÁèé¼½ ee 109

\®ªsaSùƒ«sLRiúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV xqsLRi*FyxmsúxmsßØaRPƒ«sª±sV e GNSµR…aSùLi »R½V ƒ«sNSòbdP ¸R…VaRPèúNRPLi „s¬s®ªs[µR…¹¸…[V»`½ ee 110

NRPX»y* xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ r¢ª«sLñRiLi „suñ¡M xmsµR…ªyxmsoõ¸R…W»`½ e G»R½»`½ NRPXxtñsQúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ LSÇÁùÍØ˳ÏÁNRPX»`½ ee 111

@xtísQ„sVÌÁ¸R…VLiµR…V LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiLi ÀÁª«sLý][ ®µ³…[ƒ«sVª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèªy²R…V xqs*LæRiª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[LRiVƒ«sV Bµj… xqsVgRi¼½úª«s»R½ ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. xqsLiª«s»R½=LSµj… ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁVgRi ƒyÌÁVgRiV ‡ÁVV»R½Vª«soÌÁ ¸R…VLiµR…V „súxmso²T…NTP BLiµ³R…ƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèªy²R…V, ÀÁª«sLRixmnsVX»R½®µ³…[ƒ«sVª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sVÀÁ胫s xmsLRiú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øƒ«sV F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV Bµj… @¬sõ Fyxmsª«sVVÌÁ ƒ«sbPLixms¿Á[¸R…VV \®ªsaS*ƒ«sLRiúª«s»R½ª«sVV c GNSµR…bPƒ«s LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LSLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s xqsVª«sLñRi ¿RÁúNRPª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ NRPXxtñsQúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ „sxtñsvxmsµR…ª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s LSÇÁùÍØ˳ÏÁª«sVVƒ«sV NRPÖÁgjiLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. 111

Fy¸R…VrybdP xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ »R½V µR…µyùµj…*úFy¸R…VLi g][¸R…VVgRiª±sV e ÌÁOUPQQøÍÜ[ZNP[ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁö®ªs[V»R½®µô…[„dsúª«s»R½Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 112

xqsxmsòª«sWùLi ƒ«sNRPò˳ÏÁVgôðRiµyù»R½ª«sW}msò gSLi xms¸R…Vzqs*¬dsª±sV e xqsWLRiùÍÜ[NRPª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ ˳؃«sVúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 113

Fy¸R…Vxqsª«sVV®ƒs[ ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁV¿RÁW xqsLiª«s»R½=LSLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s „súxmso¬sNTP lLiLi²R…V g][ª«soÌÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ®µ…[„ds úª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ NRPÌÁöNSÌÁª«sVV ÌÁOUPQQøÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s ¬sª«szqsLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. xqsxmsò„sV¸R…VLiµR…V LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳ÏÁVÑÁLi¿RÁV¿RÁW xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV gRi²T…zms ÀÁª«sLRi FyÖÁ¿RÁVè g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ˳؃«sVª«sú»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ xqsWLRiùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. 113

¿RÁ»R½VLóSQùLi ƒ«sNRPò˳ÏÁVgôðRiµyù®µô…[ª«sVLi¾»½[ g][¸R…VVgRiLi »R½´y e G»R½Li\®µ…Q*ƒy¸R…VNRPLi ƒyª«sV bPª«sÍÜ[NRPxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV ee 114

ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmnsÍجs ¸R…VxqsòQùQQNSòQ* ¿y»R½VLSøxqsùLi µj…*ÇØ»R½¹¸…[V e \|¤¦¦¦ª«sW¬s NSLjiòZNP[ µR…µyù®µô…[ª«sVLi¾»½[ g][¸R…VVgRiLi »R½´y ee 115

G»R½»`½ r¢LRiúª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV xqsWLRiùÍÜ[NRPxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV e µy*µR…aRP µy*µR…bdPLRiùxqsVò xqsª«sWF¡ùF¡xtsQâßá[ ƒ«sXxms ee 116

g][ª«sxqsòQûNSLi¿RÁ\®ƒsLji*úFyƒ±s xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V¿RÁèéQQNTPò»][ ƒ«sLRi e xmsLRiLi xmsµR…ª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ „sVxtñsvúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 117

¿RÁ»R½VLôðRiaSùLi »R½V ƒ«sNSòbdP xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ g][¸R…VVgRiúxmsµR…M e \ZaPª«sLi xmsµR…ª«sVªyF¡õ¼½ \¾»½Qû¸R…VLiÕÁNRP„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 118

}¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s ¿RÁ»R½VLóji¸R…VLiµR…V LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ, lLiLi²R…V g][ª«soÌÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ \®ªsƒy¸R…VNRP ª«sú»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ bPª«sÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. ¿y»R½VLSøxqsùª«sVVƒ«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xmnsÌÁª«sVVÌÁ ª«sµR…ÖÁ }¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s lLiLi²R…V g][ª«soÌÁƒ«sV, NSLjiòNRPª«sVVƒ«s ‡ÁLigSLRiVxmsÎÏÁþƒ«sVµyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ r¢LRiúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ xqsWLRiùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV úFyzmsòLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. µy*µR…aRP µy*µR…bPÌÁV Dxmsªyxqsª«sVV ¿Á[zqs ¸R…V´yaRPNTPò úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬s g][ª«so, ª«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁV, NSLi¿RÁƒ«sª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[»R½ xmspÑÁLi¿RÁVÈÁ „sxtñsvúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ xmsLRiª«sVxmsµR…ª«sVV ƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. ¿RÁ»R½VLôðRibPƒy²R…V LSú¼½ ª«sWú»R½®ªs[V ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiLi ÀÁª«sLRiÍÜ[ g][ª«soÌÁ lLiLiÉÓÁ¬s µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ \¾»½Qû¸R…VLiÕÁNRP úª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ bPª«sxmsµR…ª«sVV úFyzmsòLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. 118

xqsxmsòLSú»][ztsQ»][ µR…µyùµ`… xmnsVX»R½NRPVLi˳ÏÁLi µj…*ÇØ»R½¹¸…[V e ª«sLRiúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li úFyx¤¦¦¦§LRi÷Qûx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRP xmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV ee 119

@r¢ NSbdPLi xqsª«sWryµR…ù ®µ³…[ƒ«sVLi µR…¾»½[ò ª«s¸R…Vxqs*¬dsª±sV e aRPúNRPÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁö„sVµR…Li ª«sVLiú»R½úª«s»R½Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 120

ª«sVVÅÁªyxqsLi xmsLji»R½ùÇÁù xqsª«sWLi¾»½[ g][úxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e ªyLRiVßáLi ÍÜ[NRPª«sWF¡õ¼½ ªyLRiVßáúª«s»R½ ª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ ee 121

¿yLiúµy¸R…VßáLi ¿RÁ ¸R…VM NRPVLSù®µô…[ª«sVLi ¿RÁLiúµR…Li ¬s®ªs[µR…¹¸…[V»`½ e ¿RÁLiúµR…úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li úF¡NRPòLi ¿RÁLiúµR…ÍÜ[NRPxmnsÌÁúxmsµR…ª±sV ee 122

G²R…VLSú»R½V ÌÁVxmsª«szqsLiÀÁ „súxmso¬sNTP xmnsVX»R½ NRPVLi˳ÏÁª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ª«sLRiª«sú»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. NSbdPÍÜ[ g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ª«sVLiú»R½úª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[

BLiúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. ª«sVVÅÁªyxqsª«sVVƒ«sV „s²T…ÀÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LSLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s g][µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ªyLRiVßáúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ª«sLRiVßá ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sVc ¿yLiúµy¸R…Vß᪫sW¿RÁLjiLiÀÁ ‡ÁLigSLRiV ¿RÁLiúµR…V¬s µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ¿RÁLiúµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ¿RÁLiúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV.

ÛÇÁ[ù}tîsQ xmsLi¿RÁ»R½Fy ¹¸…W 7iLi¾»½[ }¤¦¦¦ª«sV®µ³…[ƒ«sVúxmsµ][ µj…ª«sª±sV e ¸R…W»R½ùxtísQ„dsV ¿RÁ»R½VLôðRia][ù LRiVúµR…úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 123

xqsNRPXµj…*µ³yƒ«sNRPLi NRPVLSù»R½òQX¼d½¸R…W¸R…WLi bPªyÌÁ¹¸…[V e xqsª«sW}msò ®µ³…[ƒ«sVµ][ ¸R…W¼½ ˳ÏÁªy¬dsúª«s»R½ª«sVV¿RÁù¾»½[ ee 124

ª«sW}mnsV ¬saSùLôRiQûªyryM ryù»R½=xmsòª«sWùLi g][úxmsµ][ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e µj…„s NRPÌÁöLi ª«s{qs¾»½[*x¤¦¦¦

LSÇØ ryù»R½öª«sƒ«sª«sú»R½ª±sVee 125

ÛÇÁ[ùxtísQª«sWxqsª«sVVƒ«s @LiVVµR…gRiVõÌÁª«sVµ³R…ù ¬sÌÁÀÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiLi ÀÁª«sLRiÍÜ[ ‡ÁLigSLRiV g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ LRiVúµR…úª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ xqs*LæRiª«sVV ƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. »R½X¼d½¸R…Vƒy²R…V bPªyÌÁ¸R…Vª«sVVƒ«s INRP䪫sW\lLiƒ«s „sµ³j…xmspLRi*NRPª«sVVgS xmspÑÁLiÀÁ xqsª«sWzmsòƒy²R…V ®µ³…[ƒ«sVª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ˳ÏÁªy¬dsúª«s»R½ ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. ª«sWxmnsVª«sVVƒ«s LSú¼½ »R½²T…‡ÁÈíÁÌÁV µ³R…LjixqsWò xqsxmsò„sVƒ«s g][ª«soƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ xmsª«sƒ«súª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ NRPÌÁöª«sVV xqs*LæRiª«sVVƒ«s DLi²T… ÀÁª«sLRi LSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV.

ú¼½LSú»][F¡ztsQ»][ µR…µyù»`½ FyÌæÁVßØùLi ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sLi aRPV˳ÏÁª±sV e Aµj…»R½ùÍÜ[NRP ª«sWF¡õ¼½ µ³yª«sVúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sVee 126

ú¼½xqsLiµ³R…ùLi xmspÇÁù µyLixms»R½ùª«sVVxmsªy{qs „s˳ÏÁWxtsQ\âßáM e µR…µR…ƒ¯[øQORPQª«sV ªyF¡õ¼½ ®ªsWORPQQúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV ee 127

µR…»yòQ* zqs»R½µj…*¼d½¸R…W¸R…W„sVLiµ_ ÌÁª«sßá˳ØÇÁƒ«sª±sV e xqsª«sW}msò g][úxmsµ][ ¸R…W¼½ „súFy¸R…V bPª«sª«sVLiµj…LRiª±sV ee 128

ª«sVW²R…VLSú»R½V ÌÁVxmsª«szqsLiÀÁ FnyÌæÁVƒ«sª«sVVƒ«s aRPV˳ÏÁª«sVgRiV ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ µ³yª«sVúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ Aµj…»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sVc Dxmsª«szqsxqsWò ª«sVW²R…V xqsLiµ³R…ùÌÁV „súxmsµR…Lixms»R½VÌÁƒ«sV „s˳ÏÁWxtsQß᪫sVVÌÁ»][ xmspÑÁLiÀÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ ®ªsWORPQQúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ®ªsWORPQª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLi¿RÁVƒ«sV. aRPVNýRP „sµj…¸R…Vƒy²R…V DxmsöV Fyú»R½ƒ«sV, g][ª«soƒ«sV „súxmso²T…NTP µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèªy²R…V bPª«sª«sVLiµj…LRiª«sVV ƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. 128

NSLixqsùLi xqsª«sxqsòQûLi LSÛÇÁ[LiúµR… µR…OTPQßØxqsz¤¦¦¦»R½Li »R½´ye xqsª«sW}msò gSLi ¿RÁ ¹¸…W µR…µyù»R½= ¸R…W¼½ bPª«sª«sVLiµj…LRiª±sVee 129

NRPÍØöLi¾»½[ LSÇÁLSÇÁry=»`½ r¡ª«sVúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV eúxms¼½xms¾»½[=Q*NRP˳ÏÁNSòbdP xqsª«sW}msò ¿RÁ xmnsÌÁúxmsµR…M ee 130

\®ªsaS*ƒ«sLRixmsµR…Li ¸R…W¼½ bPÐÁúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e \|¤¦¦¦ª«sVLi xmsÌÁµR…*¸R…WµR…WLôðRiQ*Li LRi´R…ª«sVaRP*¸R…VVgS¬s*»R½ª±sV ee 131

µR…µyù»R½äQX»][xmsªyxqsM xqs µj…„s NRPÌÁ=aRP»R½Li ª«s}qs»`½ e »R½µR…Li¾»½[ LSÇÁLSÇÁry=QùµR…aRP*úª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sVee 132

»R½µR…*®µô…[ª«sVLRi´R…Li µR…µyù»R½äLji˳ØùLi xqsLi¸R…VV»R½Li xmsoƒ«sM e xqsLRi*ÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«s}qs»R½äÌÁöLi xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsª«sVzms ˳ÏÁW„sVxmsM ee 133

˳ÏÁ##®ªs[µj…¥¦¦¦gRi»][ ˳ÏÁWª«sWùLi NRPLjiúª«s»R½„sVµR…Li xqsøQX»R½ª±sV e µR…aRPª«sWù®ªs[VNRP˳ÏÁNSòbdP xqsª«sW}msò µR…aRP##®µ³…[ƒ«sVµR…M ee 134

µk…xmsLi ¿RÁ NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi µR…µyùµR…÷Qû¥¦¦¦øLi²yµ³j…xms¼½LRi÷鮪s[»`½ e G»R½µj…*aRP*úª«s»R½Li ƒyª«sV ª«sV¥¦¦¦Fy»R½NRPƒyaRPƒ«sª±sV ee 135

NRPƒyùµyƒ«sLi »R½V NSLjiòNSùLi xmsoxtsQälLi[ ¸R…VM NRPLjixtsQù¼½ e GNRP„sLiaRPµæR…VßãÜ[}ms»][ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPLi gRi„sVxtsQù¼½ ee 136

ª«sxqsòQûª«sVV, µR…OTPQßá ª«soLi²R…Vƒ«sÈýÁV NRPLi¿RÁV Fyú»R½ƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ¿Á[, ÀÁª«sLRi g][µyƒ«sª«sVV¿Á[ bPª«sª«sVLiµj…LRiª«sVV ®ƒs[gRiVƒ«sV. Bµj… r¡ª«sVúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ NRPÍØöLi»R½ª«sVVƒ«s LSÇÁLSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV. Fy²R…ù„sVƒy²R…V INRPäxmspÈÁ ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ bPÐÁúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ \®ªsaS*ƒ«sLRi xmsµR…ª«sVV ƒ¯LiµR…Vƒ«sV. lLiLi²R…V gRiVúLSÌÁÍÜ[ƒ«sVƒ«sõ LRi´R…ª«sVVƒ«sV lLiLi²R…V xmnsÌÁª«sVVÌÁNRPLiÛÉÁ FsNRPV䪫s ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVV»][ ¿Á[LiVVLiÀÁ, Dxmsª«szqsLiÀÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁV胫sªy²R…V ƒ«sWLRiV NRPÌÁöª«sVVÌÁV xqs*LæRiª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sVLi²R…Vƒ«sV. ÀÁª«sLRi LSÇÁLSÇÁgRiVª«sV. Bµj… @aRP*úª«s»R½ª«sVƒ«s‡Á²R…Vƒ«sV. @ÛÉýÁ[ lLiLi²R…V Gƒ«sVgRiVÌÁ»][ ‡ÁLigSLRiV LRi´R…ª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[LiVVLiÀÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ NRPLjiúª«s»R½ª«sVV. µk…¬s¿Á[ ®ªs[LiVV NRPÌÁöª«sVVÌÁV xqs»R½ùÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sVLi²T… ˳ÏÁW„sVNTP ª«sÀÁ胫sƒ«sW LSÇÁgRiVƒ«sV. µR…aRP„sVƒy²R…V INRPäxmspÈÁ ˳ÏÁVÑÁLiÀÁ xqsª«sWzmsòNSgS xmsµj…g][ª«soÌÁ µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ, ‡ÁLigSLRiV µk…xmsª«sVVƒ«sV µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèÈÁ „saRP*úª«s»R½ª«sVV. ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øLi²yµ³j…xms¼½ ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV. NSLkiòNRP xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVVƒ«s NRPƒyùµyƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…VVªy²R…V BLRiVª«sµj…¹¸…VVNRPä gRiVß᪫sVVÌÁV NRPÖÁgji ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sV ¿Á[LRiVƒ«sV. 136

NRPƒyùµyƒ«s»R½öLRiLi µyƒ«sLi \®ƒsª«s ¿yxqsòQùµ³j…NRPLi NRP*ÀÁ»`½ e xmsoxtsQälLi[ßá »R½V „sZaP[}tsQßá NSLjiòNSùLi »R½V „sZaP[xtsQ»R½M ee 137

„súFy¸R…V „sµ³j…ª«s®µô…[¸R…VLi ¾»½[uyLi ÍÜ[N][7 ORPQ¹¸…W ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»`½ e ¼½ÌÁzmsxtísQª«sV¸R…VLi NRPX»y* gRiÇÁLi LRi»R½õxqsª«sV¬s*»R½Li ee 138

„súFy¸R…V ¹¸…[V úxms¸R…V¿RÁèéLi¼½ ÇÁÌÁª«sV®µ³…[ù zqós»y ƒ«sLSM ee ¾»½[uyLi \¿ÁªyORPQ¹¸…W ÍÜ[N][ ˳ÏÁ„s»y 7˳ÏÁW »R½xqsLixmýsª«sLi ee 139

NRPƒyùµyƒ«sª«sVVNRPLiÛÉÁ g]xmsöµyƒ«sª«sVV ª«sVL]NRPÉÓÁ ÛÍÁ[µR…V. „sZaP[xtsQª«sVVgS NSLkiòNRPª«sWryƒ«s, xmsoxtsQäLRiª«sVVƒ«s NRPƒyùµyƒ«sª«sVV „sVNTPäÖÁ úxmsaRPxqsòª«sVVc „súxmsoÌÁNRPV „sµ³j…xmspLRi*NRPª«sVVgS µyƒ«s„sV¿RÁVèªyLjiNTP @ORPQ¸R…VÍÜ[NRPª«sVV NRPÌÁVgRiVƒ«sV. ƒ«sVª«so*ÌÁ zmsLi²T…»][ Gƒ«sVgRiVƒ«sV ¿Á[zqs LRi»R½õª«sVVÌÁ»][xqs¥¦¦¦ ¬dsÉÓÁ ª«sVµ³R…ùÍÜ[ ¬sÌÁÀÁ „súxmso¬sNTP B¿RÁVèªyLjiNTP úxmsÎÏÁ¸R…Vª«sVVª«sLRiNRPV @ORPQ¸R…VÍÜ[NRPª«sVV NRPÌÁVgRiVƒ«sV. 139

¸R…VM xmslhi[¿RÁVèé%ÁXßáV¸R…Wµy*zms úª«s»R½xmsoztísQª«sVƒ«sV»R½òª«sWLi e ª«sVƒ«s*Li»R½LRiaRP»R½Li r¡zms gRiLiµ³R…LS*µ³j…xms¼½LRi÷鮪s[»`½ ee 140

xtsQztísQúª«s»R½Li ˳ØLRi»R½ xmsoßáù®ªs[V»R½»`½ »R½ª¯[µj…»R½Li „saRP*ÇÁ¬dsƒ«sª«sVµR…ù e úa][»R½VLi ¸R…Vµk…¿yèé »R½ª«s LSÇÁLSÇÁ aRPXßáV µj…*Çؾ»½[ NRPLRißÔá¸R…V®ªs[V»R½»`½ ee 141

c: µj…*ÇÁÙÌÁV »R½xmsöNRP }qs¸R…Vª«sÌÁzqsƒ«s µ³R…LRiøª«sVVÌÁV :-

C úª«s»R½ xmsoztísQ¬s xqsLixmsµR…ƒ«sV Fsª«s*²R…V ¿RÁµR…Vª«soƒ¯[, „sƒ«sVƒ¯[ @»R½²R…V ƒ«sWLRiV ª«sVƒ«s*Li»R½LRiª«sVVÌÁV gRiLiµR…LRi* ÍÜ[NSµ³j…xms¼½¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV. „saRP*úxmszqsµôR…\®ªsVƒ«s C xmsoztísQúª«s»R½ª«sVV xmsLRiª«sV xmsoßáùª«sVV ˳ØLRi»y: Õ³dÁuyø¿yLSù ¬dsNTPxmso²R…V ¾»½ÖÁö¼½¬s. BNRP „sƒ«sª«sÛÍÁƒ«sƒ«sVN][LjiNRP gRiÌÁ®µ…[¬s µj…*ÇÁÙÌÁNRPV @xmsaRPùNRPLRißÔá¸R…V µ³R…LRiøª«sVVÌÁ ®µ…ÖÁ|msµR… ƒyÖÁLixmsoª«sVV. 141

c: @ª«saSù¿RÁLRißÔá¸R…WM µ³R…LSøM :-

\®ƒsLRiøÌÁùLi ˳ت«saRPVµôj…aRPè „sƒy ryõƒ«sLi ƒ«s „sµR…ù¾»½[ e »R½ryøƒ«søƒ¯[„saRPVµôR…ùLôRiLi ryõƒ«sª«sWµ_ „sµ³k…¸R…V¾»½[ ee 142

@ƒ«sVµôR…QX\¾»½LRiVµôR…QX\¾»½ LS* ÇÁ\ÛÍÁM ryõƒ«sLi xqsª«sW¿RÁlLi[»`½ e ¼d½LóRiLi úxmsNRPÌÁö¹¸…[V»`½ „sµy*ƒ±s ª«sVWÌÁª«sVLiú¾»½[ßá ª«sVLiú»R½„s»`½ ee 143

ƒ«s®ªsW ƒyLS¸R…Vßع¸…[V¼½ ª«sVWÌÁª«sVLiú»R½ Dµyx¤¦¦¦X»R½M e xqs µR…LRi÷éFyßÓáLji*µ³j…ƒy A¿yLi»R½úxms¸R…V»R½M aRPVÀÁM ee144

¿RÁ»R½VL>Rixqsòxqsª«sW¸R…VVNRPòLi ¿RÁ»R½VLRiúaRPLi ƒ«sª«sVLi»R½»R½M úxmsNRPÍØöQùªyx¤¦¦¦¹¸…[V»`½ gRiLigS®ªs[VÕ³ÁLRiøQ\¾»½QûLji*QORPQßáM ee 145

„suí¡M FyµR…úxmsxqsW»yzqs \®ªsxtñsQ„ds „sxtñsQ®µ…[ª«s»y e ú»yz¤¦¦¦ ƒ«s}qsòQ*ƒ«sxqsxqsòryøµyÇÁƒ«sø ª«sVLRißØLi¼½NS»`½ ee 146

ú¼½úxqsN][ÉÜ[ùLóRiN][ÉÓÁ ¿RÁ ¼d½LôðSƒyLi ªy¸R…VVLRiú‡Á„ds»`½ e µj…„s ˳ÏÁVª«sùLi»R½LjiZOP[Q ¿RÁ »y¬s ¾»½[ xqsLi¼½ ÇØx¤¦¦¦õ„ds ee 147

ƒ«sLiµj…¬ds¾»½[ùª«s ¾»½[ ƒyª«sV ®µ…[®ªs[xtsv ƒ«sÖÁ{qs¼½ ¿RÁ e µR…OSQ xmsXµ³k…* ¿RÁ aRPV˳ÏÁgS „saRP*NS¸R…W bPªy zqs»y ee 148

„sµyùµ³R…Lki xqsVúxmsxqsƒyõ »R½´y ÍÜ[NRPúxmsryµj…¬ds e ZOP[Qª«sW ¿RÁ ÇØx¤¦¦¦õ„ds \¿Áª«s aSLi»y aSLi¼½úxmsµyLiVV¬ds ee 149

aRPLkiLRiaRPV+µôðj… ª«sVƒ«saRPVµôj…¸R…VV ryõƒ«sª«sVV }qs¸R…VNRP NRPÌÁVgRiª«so. @LiµR…V¿Á[ ryõƒ«sª«sVV ®ªsVVÈíÁ®ªsVVµR…ÈÁ „sµ³j…Lixms‡Á²T…ƒ«sµj…, ƒ«sµk…úxmsª«sVVÅÁ úxmsªyx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVÌÁLiµR…V ryõƒ«sª«sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @ƒ«sVµôR…QX»R½ ÇÁÌÁª«sVV=»][²R…VN]ƒ«sNRPVLi²R… ª«s¿RÁVè ¬dsLRiV úxmsaRPxqsòª«sVV. ¾»½ÖÁzqsƒ«sª«sVLiú»R½®ªs[»R½ò ª«sVWÌÁ ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVV»][ ¼d½LóRiª«sVVƒ«sV ®ªsVVµR…ÈÁ NRPÖÁöLi¿RÁVN]ƒ«sª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ƒ«s®ªsW ƒyLRi¸R…VßظR…V @ƒ«sVƒ«sµj… ª«sVWÌÁ ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVV, µR…LRi÷é¿Á[»R½µ³R…LjiLiÀÁ aRPVÀÁ\¹¸…V ¬s¸R…Vª«sV ª«sVW¬s ¸R…W¿RÁª«sVƒ«sª«sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. ƒyÌæÁVª«sVWLRiÌÁ ®ªs[VLRi ¿RÁ»R½VLRiúaRPª«sVVgRi (ƒ«sÌÁV ¿RÁµR…LRiª«sVVgRi) ¹¸…VVNRP x¤¦¦¦µôR…V ®ƒs[LRiöLRiÀÁ C úNTPLiµj… ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁ»][ gRiLigRiƒ«sV Aªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sª«sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. A ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁV c ª«sVWÌÁª«sVVÍÜ[ 146c149

G»y¬s xmsoßáùƒyª«sW¬s ryõƒ«sNSlLi[ù úxmsNUPLRiò¹¸…[V»`½ e ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»R½=¬sõz¤¦¦¦»y »R½ú»R½ gRiLigS ú¼½xms´R…gS„sV¬ds ee 150

xqsxmsòªyLSÕ³ÁÇÁ}msòƒ«s NRPLRixqsLixmsoÈÁ¹¸…WÑÁ»R½Li e ª«sVWLôðjiQõ NRPVLSùÇêÁÌÁLi ˳ÏÁW¸R…VzqsòQû¿RÁ»R½VM xmsLi¿RÁ xqsxmsòµ³y ee 151

ryõƒ«sLi NRPVLSùƒ«søQXµy »R½µR…*µyª«sVLi»R½ûQù»R½V „sµ³yƒ«s»R½M e @aRP*úNS®ƒs[ò LRi´R…úNS®ƒs[ò „sxtñsvúNS®ƒs[ò ª«sxqsVLiµ³R…lLi[ ee 152

„sxtñsvFyµR…ª«sVVƒ«sLi ‡ÁVÉíÓÁ¼½„s \®ªsxtñsQ„s„s. „sxtñsQª«so ¬ds ®µ…[ª«s»R½. NSª«soƒ«s xmsoÉíÓÁƒ«sµyµj… ÀÁª«sLRiµyNRP ª«sVª«sVVø Fyxmsª«sVVÌÁ ƒ«sVLi²T… LRiOTPQLixmsoª«sVª«sVø : ª«sVVxmsöµj…ƒ«sõLRiN][ÈýÁV ¼d½LóRiª«sVVÌÁV ˳ÏÁW„sV\|ms ƒyNRPxqsª«sVLiµR…Li»R½LjiORPQª«sVVƒ«s gRiÌÁª«s¬s ªy¸R…VV®µ…[ª«so²R…V |qs|msöƒ«sV. ÇØx¤¦¦¦õ„s ƒ«sLiµj…¬s ƒ«sÖÁ¬s ¸R…Vƒ«sVƒ«s„s ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁLiµR…V ¬ds }msLýRiV úxmszqsµôðR…ª«sVVÌÁV. µR…ORPQ xmsX´j…* aRPV˳ÏÁgRi „saRP*NS¸R…V bPª«szqs»R½ „sµyùµ³R…Lji xqsVúxmsxqsƒ«sõ ÍÜ[NRP úxmsryµj…¬s ¸R…Vƒ«sV ¬ds xmsoßáù ƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV ryõƒ«sª«sVLiµR…V NUPLjiòLixmsª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @xmsöV²R…V ú¼½xms´R…gS„sV¬s ( ˳ÏÁW„sV ANSaRPª«sVV Fy»yÎÏÁª«sVV ÌÁLiµR…V úxmsª«sz¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁVƒ«sµj…) ¹¸…[V²R…VryLýRiV NRPLRixqsLixmsoÈÁ ®ªsVVƒ«sLjiLiÀÁ ¿RÁWzmsLiÀÁƒ«sLi»R½ xqs¬sõµ³j… µR…¸R…V}qs¸R…VVƒ«sV. A „dsVµR… ª«sVW²R…V ƒyÌæÁV HµR…V G²R…V ª«sWLRiVÌÁV A¸R…W ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁ ÛÍÁNRPä ƒ«sƒ«sVxqsLjiLiÀÁ ÇÁÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV ƒ«s²T… ®ƒs¼½òƒ«s ÇÁÌýÁVN]ƒ«sª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. A \|ms¬s ª«sVX¼½òNRP (ª«sVƒ«sVõ) ¿Á[N]¬s 152

ª«sVX¼½ò ZNP[ x¤¦¦¦LRi ®ªs[V FyxmsLi ¸R…Vƒ«sø¸R…W µR…VxtsQäQX»R½Li NRPX»R½Li e DµôR…QX»yzqs ª«sLS}¤¦¦¦ßá „sxtñsvƒy aRP»R½ËØx¤¦¦¦§ƒy ee 153

xqsª«sV}qsò xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NSƒyLi úxms˳ÏÁªyLRißÓá xqsVúª«s¾»½[ e Gª«sLi ryõ»y* »R½»R½M xmsaSèµy¿RÁª«sVù »R½V „sµ³yƒ«s»R½M ee 154

D»ôðy¸R…V ªyxqs{qs aRPVúÛ˳Á[ aRPVµô_ »R½V xmsLjiµ³y¸R…V \®ªs e »R½»R½xqsVò »R½LRiößáLi NRPVLSùQ\¾»½QûÍÜ[NRPùFyù¸R…Vƒy¸R…V \®ªsee 155

ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øßáLi »R½LRiö¹¸…[V»`½ xmsp\lLiQQ*Lji*xtñsvLi LRiVúµR…Li úxmsÇØxms¼½Li e ®µ…[ªy ¸R…VOSQxqsò´y ƒygS gRiLiµ³R…LS*xms=LRiryLi gRißØM ee 156

úNRPWLSxqs=LSöM xqsVxmsLñSaRPè »R½LRiª¯[ ÇÁLi˳ÏÁNSµR…¸R…VM e „sµyùµ³R…LS ÇÁÌÁµ³R…LSxqsòQ\®´…ªyNSaRPgS„sVƒ«sM ee 157

¬sLSµ³yLSaRPè ¹¸…[V ÒÁªyM Fyxmsµ³R…LRiøLRi»yaRPè ¹¸…[V e ¾»½[uyª«sWFyù¸R…Vƒy\¹¸…V»R½µôk…¸R…V¾»½[ xqsÖÁÌÁLi ª«sVª«sV ee 158

@aRP*úNSLi»y: LRi´R…úNSLi»y: „sxtñsvúNSLi»y: ª«sxqsVLiµ³R…LS: ª«sVX¼½òNS: ƒy Fyxmsª«sVV x¤¦¦¦LjiLixmsoª«sVV ƒy ¿Á[zqsƒ«s ¿Á²R…Vxms¬s¬s x¤¦¦¦LjiLixmsoª«sVV. ª«sLSx¤¦¦¦ª«sVWLjiò „sxtñsvª«so ƒ«sWLRiV ËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«soÌÁVgRiÌÁ ªy¬s¿Á[ ª«sVVƒ«sVõ ¬ds ª«soµôR…LjiLixms‡Á²T…¼½„s. xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV xmsoÈíÁÈÁNRPV @LRißÓá„s (@gjiõNTP ®ªs[V²T…¸R…VÈýÁV) xqsVúxms»R½ª«so ¬dsª«so @ƒ«sV ¬ds ˳ت«sª«sVVgRiÌÁ LiVWª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ ryõƒ«sª«sVV }qszqs ¸R…W \|ms¬s ¸R…V´y„sµ³j…¬s A¿RÁª«sVƒ«sª«sVV }qszqs ª«sV²T…‡ÁÈíÁÌÁ gRiÈíÁVN]¬s A\|ms \¾»½QûÍÜ[NRPù ª«sW Fyù¸R…Vƒ«sª«sVVN]LRiNRPV ®µ…[ª«sL<ji zms»R½X »R½LRiöß᪫sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. A ª«sLRiVxqs ¹¸…VÈýÁƒ«s: ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø „sxtñsvª«so LRiVúµR…V²R…V úxmsÇØxms¼½ ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ¸R…VORPVÌÁV ƒygRiVÌÁV gRiLiµ³R…LRiV*ÌÁV @xms=L][gRiß᪫sVV úNRPWLRi xqsLRiöª«sVVÌÁV (ƒygRiVÌÁV) xqsVxmsLñRiVÌÁV »R½LRiVª«soÌÁV ÇÁLi˳ÏÁNSµR…VÌÁV „sµ³yùµ³R…LRiVÌÁV ÇÁÌÁµ³R…LRiVÌÁV ANSaRPgSª«sVVÌÁV (ANSaRP xqsLi¿yLRiVÌÁV) ¬sLSµ³yLRiVÌÁV FyxmsLRi»R½VÌÁV µ³R…LRiøxmsLRiV\ÛÍÁƒ«s ÒÁª«soÌÁV NRPW²R… @Fyù¸R…Vƒ«s ª«sVVƒ«sNTPµj…g][ ®ƒs[ƒ«sV ¬dsLRiV ª«sµR…VÌÁV¿RÁVƒyõƒ«sV. @¬s ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVV xmshjiLiÀÁ »R½LRiöß᪫sVV }qs¸R…V ª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV.

NRPX»][xms„ds»][ ®µ…[®ªs[˳Ü[ù ¬s„ds¼d½ ¿RÁ ˳ÏÁ##®ªs[»R½ò»R½M e ª«sVƒ«sVuyùLi xqsòLRiö¹¸…[VµR…÷QQNSòQù ‡ÁVVztsQxmsoú»yƒ«sX{tsQLixqsò´y ee 159

®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁNRPV Dxms„ds»R½ª«sVVgRiƒ«sV, ª«sVƒ«sVxtsvùÌÁNRPV (‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁƒ«sV) ¬s„ds¼½gRiƒ«sV ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. 159

xqsƒ«sNRPaRPè xqsƒ«sLiµR…aRPè »R½X¼d½¸R…VaRPè xqsƒy»R½ƒ«sM e NRPzmsÌÁaSèxqsVLji\ZaPQQ誫s ª¯[²R…V xmsLi¿RÁbPLRixqsòµ³y ee 160

xqslLi[*¾»½[ »R½Xzmsòª«sW¸R…WLi»R½V ª«sVµôR…¾»½[òƒyLi‡ÁVƒy xqsµy e ª«sVLkiÀÁ LRi»R½ûQùLigjiLRi xmsoÌÁxqsòQùLi xmsoÌÁx¤¦¦¦Li úNRP»R½VLi úxms¿Á[»R½xqsLi xqsNRPÌÁ ee 161

ª«sbPxtîsQLi ¿RÁ ˳ÏÁXgRiVLi ƒyLRiµR…®ªs[Vª«s ¿RÁ ! ®µ…[ª«sú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø‡ÁVV{tsQƒ«s=LS*NRP »R½LRiö¹¸…[Vry=QORPQ»][µR…\ZNPM ee 162

ª«sVƒ«sVxtsvùÌÁÍÜ[ ¿Á[LRiVªyLRiV ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV ‡ÁVVztsQxmsoú»R½VÌÁV xqsƒ«sNRPV²R…V, xqsƒ«sLiµR…V²R…V xqsƒy»R½ƒ«sV²R…V NRPzmsÌÁV²R…V @xqsVLji, ª¯[²R… xmsLi¿RÁbPLRiV²R…V „dsLRiLiµR…LRiV ®ƒsxmsöV²R…V ƒy LiVVÀÁ胫s ¸R…VVµR…NRPª«sVV¿Á[ µR…Xzmsòƒ«sLiµR…VµR…VLRiV gSNRP : ª«sVLkiÀÁ @LigjiLRixqsV= xmsoÌÁxqsVòQù²R…V xmsoÌÁx¤¦¦¦§²R…V úNRP»R½Vª«so úxms¿Á[»R½ƒ«sV²R…V ª«sbPxtísv²R…V ˳ÏÁXgRiVª«so ƒyLRiµR…V²R…V ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV ƒ«sLiµR…Lji¬s ÛËÁ[L]ä¬s ¸R…VLiµR…LRiV »R½XxmsoòÌÁgRiVµR…VLRiV. CÍØ ®µ…[ª«s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øL<RiVÌÁ ƒ«sLiµR…LRiVƒ«sV ƒ«sORPQ»R½ÌÁ»][²T… ÇÁÌÁª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ »R½LRiöß᪫sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. 162

Axmsxqsª«sùLi »R½»R½M NRPX»y* xqsª«sùLi Ç؃«sVLi ¿RÁ ˳ÏÁW»R½ÛÍÁ[ e @gjiõuyö»yòLixqsòµy r¢ª«sWùLi x¤¦¦¦„sxtsQø»R½xqsò»][xtsQøFyƒ±s ee 163

xqsVNSÖÁƒ¯[ ‡ÁL>jixtsQµR…xqsòµy \¿ÁªyµR…ùFyƒ±s xmsoƒ«sM e xqsLi»R½LRiö¹¸…[V¼½öú»R½Wƒ±s ˳ÏÁNSòQù xqs¼½ÍÜ[µR…NRP¿RÁLiµR…\®ƒsM ee 164

A„dsVµR… @xmsxqsª«sùª«sVVgS (úFyÀdÁƒy„ds¼½gS) ®ªsWNSÌÁV ®ƒs[ÌÁNS¬sLiÀÁ @gjiõuyö»R½VòÌÁV r¢ª«sVVùÌÁV x¤¦¦¦„sxtsQøLi»R½VÌÁV ExtsQøxmsoÌÁV xqsVNSÖÁƒ«sVÌÁV ‡ÁL>jixtsQµR…VÌÁV AµR…ùxmsoÌÁV ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV zms»R½X®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁƒ«sV ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ƒ«sVª«so*ÌÁV, ¿RÁLiµR…ƒ«sª«sVV»][²T… ÇÁÌÁª«sVV»][ »R½LRiöß᪫sVV }qs¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. 164

xqsµR…LRi÷FyßÓáLji*µ³j…ƒy xms»R½Yƒ«s=ƒ«sòLRiö¹¸…[V»`½ »R½ò»R½M e zmsú»yµk…ƒ±s ƒyª«sVg][ú¾»½[ßá »R½´y ª«sW»yª«sV{¤¦¦¦ƒ«szms ee 165

xqsLi»R½LRiöQù „sµ³j…xmsµôðR…»yù Bª«sVLi ª«sVLiú»R½ª«sVVµk…LRi¹¸…[V»`½ e ¹¸…[V ËØLiµ³R…ªy ¹¸…[V ¿yƒ«sùÇÁƒ«sø¬s ËØLiµ³R…ªyM ee 166

¾»½[ »R½Xzmsòª«sVÐÁÍØ ¸R…WLi»R½V ¹¸…[Vxmsùxqsø»][ò¸R…VNSLiOTPQßáM e A¿RÁª«sVù „sµ³j…ƒy xqsª«sVùgSÖÁÛÆÁ[»R½öµR…øª«sVúgRi»R½M ee 167

A „dsVµR… ª«sVƒ«s zms»R½LRiVÌÁƒ«sV úFyÀdÁƒy„ds¼½gS®ƒs[ zms»R½Xzms»yª«sV¥¦¦¦µj… ª«sLæRiª«sVVƒ«s ª«sLRiVxqsgS ƒyª«sVg][ú»yµR…VÌÁƒ«sV }msL]ä¬s ª«sW»yª«sV¥¦¦¦xmsLæRiª«sVVƒ«sV, C ÇÁƒ«søª«sVVƒ«s ‡ÁLiµ³R…Vª«soÌÁV ªyÉÓÁ LiVV»R½LRi ÇÁƒ«søª«sVVÌÁLiµR…V ‡ÁLiµ³R…Vª«so\ÛÍÁƒ«s ªyLRiLiµR…LRiV »R½Xzmsò ƒ«sLiµR…VµR…VLRiVgSNRP. ƒyLiVV¿RÁVè ƒ«sVµR…NRPª«sVV NSOTPQLi¿RÁV ƒ«sLiµR…LjiNTP »R½XzmsògRiÌæÁVgSNRP ¸R…V¬s ¸R…VORPQ»R½ÌÁ»][ ˳ÏÁW»R½ÌÁª«sVVƒ«sLi®µ…[¬s¿RÁVè ¬ds ¸R…VVµR…NRPª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ µR…Xzmsò|qsLiµR…VµR…VLRiV gSª«so»R½ ª«sV¬s »R½LRiöß᪫sVV ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ƒ¯ƒ«sLjiLixmsª«sÛÍÁ. 167

ryOSQ»yÕ³Áxqs=xmsouyöÕ³ÁM xqs¼½ÍØLRiVßá¿RÁLiµR…\®ƒsM e @LçRiQùLi µR…µyù»R½ûQö¸R…V¾»½[õƒ«s xqsWLRiùƒyª«sWƒ«sVNUPLRiòQ\®ƒsM ee 168

ƒ«sª«sV}qsò „saRP*LRiWFy¸R…V ƒ«sª«sV}qsò „sxtñsvLRiWzmsâßá[ e xqsLRi*®µ…[ª«s ƒ«sª«sV}qsòxqsVò úxms{qsµR… ª«sVª«sV ˳ØxqsäLRi ee 169

µj…ªyNRPLRi ƒ«sª«sV}qsòxqsVò úxmsËØNRPLRi ƒ«s®ªsWxqsVò¾»½[ e Gª«sLi xqsWLRiùLi ƒ«sª«sVxqsäQX»R½ù ú¼½M NRPX»y* »R½V úxmsµR…OTPQßáLi ee 170

µj…*ÇÁLi gSLi NSLi¿RÁƒ«sLi \¿Áª«s µR…Xuíy* xqsöQXuíy* gRiXx¤¦¦¦Li úª«sÛÇÁ[»`½ e xqs*lgi[x¤¦¦¦róyLi »R½»R½M xmsoßØùLi úxms¼½ª«sWLi ¿yzms xmspÇÁ¹¸…[V»`½ ee 171

˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sLi ¿RÁ »R½»R½M xmsaSèµôj…*ÇÁxmspLRi*NRPLi ¿RÁ NSLRi¹¸…[V»`½ e @®ƒs[ƒ«s „sµ³j…ƒy xqsLRi*‡ÁVVxtsQ¸R…VM zqsµôðj…ª«sWgRi»yM 172

B¼½ $ xmsµR…øxmsoLSâßá[ úxms´R…®ªs[V xqsXztísQÅÁLi®²…[ ryõƒ«s„sµ³j…LSõª«sV „sLia][µ³yù¸R…VM ee

zms»R½X»R½LRiöß᪫sVLiVVƒ«s »R½LRiVªy»R½ A¿RÁª«sVƒ«sª«sVV }qszqs ª«sVVLiµR…V ¸R…V´y„sµ³j…¬s xmsµR…øª«sVVƒ«sV ÖÁÐÁLixmsª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. A \|ms xmspÌÁV @ORPQ»R½ÌÁV ƒ«sVª«so*ÌÁV LRiNRPò¿RÁLiµR…ƒ«sª«sVV»][ xqsWLRiùƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV |qsxmsöV¿RÁV xqsWLRiVù¬s NRPLçRiQù„dsV¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @\|ms „saRP*LRiWxms : @ƒ«sVƒ«sµj… ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV úxms˳ØNRPLRi @ƒ«sVµyNRP xqsWLRiùƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV }msL]ä¬s xqsWLRiù˳ÏÁgRiªyƒ«sV¬sNTP ƒ«sª«sVxqsäLjiLiÀÁ ª«sVW²R…VryLýRiV úxmsµR…OTPQß᪫sVV }qszqs úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV¬s g][ª«soƒ«sV ‡ÁLigSLRiª«sVVƒ«sV ÇÁÚÀÁ ¿Á[»R½µyNTP LiVVLiÉÓÁNTP ®ªsÎÏÁþª«sÌÁ¸R…VVƒ«sV. »R½ƒ«s LiVVLiÈÁ xqsWLRiù˳ÏÁgRiªyƒ«sV¬s úxms¼½ª«sVƒ«sVgRiW²R… xmspÑÁLixmsª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. @ÈÁV »R½LRiVªy»R½ úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáVÌÁV ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[zqsƒ«s zmsª«sVøÈÁ ˳Ü[ÇÁƒ«sª«sVV ¿Á[¸R…Vª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. C „sµ³j…¿Á[»R½ ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁLiµR…LRiV zqsµôj…¬s F~Liµj…Lji. 172

Bµj… $ xmsµR…øxmsoLSß᪫sVVƒ«s ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁxqsXztísQÅÁLi²R…ª«sVLiµR…V ryõƒ«s„sµ³j…¸R…Vƒ«sV BLRiVª«sµj…¸R…Vª«s @µ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV.

Sri Padma Mahapuranam-I    Chapters