Chapters
µy*µR…a][µ³yù¸R…VM
r¡ª«sV (¿RÁLiúµR…) ª«sLiaRP ª«sLñRiƒ«sª±sV
Õ³dÁxtsQø Dªy¿RÁ :
r¡ª«sVª«sLiaRPM NRP´R…Li ÇØ»R½M NRP´R…¸R…Wú»R½ „saSLRiµR… e »R½µR…*LiZaP[ ZNP[»R½V LSÇØƒ¯[ ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«soM NUPLjiòª«sLôðRiƒyM ee
1
xmsoÌÁxqsòQù Dªy¿RÁ !
@µj…uí¡ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øßØ xmspLRi* ª«sVú¼½ xqsLæRi „sµ³_xmsoLS e @ƒ«sLi»R½LRiLi ƒyª«sV »R½xmsM xqsXxtísQùLóRiM »R½xmsòªy¬s*˳ÏÁVM ee
2
¸R…Vµyƒ«sLiµR…NRPLRiLi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ˳ÏÁgRiª«sƒ±s ZNýP[aRPƒyaRPƒ«sª±sV e ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øLRiVú®µ…[LiúµR… xqsWLSùߨ ª«sV˳ÏÁùLi»R½LRi ª«sV¼d½¬ôsû¸R…Vª±sV ee
3
aS¬sòLi NRPX»y*»R½ø ª«sVƒ«sry »R½µR…ú¼½M xqsLi¸R…V®ªs[V zqós»R½M e ª«sW¥¦¦¦»R½øQùLi »R½xmsr¡ªyzms xmsLRiª«sWƒ«sLiµR…NSLRiNRPª±sV ee
4
¸R…VryøµR…*LiaRPxms¼½M ryLóRiLi xqsª«sV¹¸…[V »R½µR…µ³j…ztísQ»R½M e »R½Li µR…Xuíy*¿RÁ r¡®ªs[Vƒ«s »R½ryø»][=7®ªsW˳ÏÁª«sµj…*˳ÏÁVM ee 5
r¡ª«sV (¿RÁLiúµR…) ª«sLiaRP ª«sLñRiƒ«sª«sVV :
r¡ª«sV (¿RÁLiúµR…) ª«sLiaRP ®ªsVÛÉýÁ[LRiö²T…ƒ«sµj…? µy¬sNTP }msLRiV®µ…ÀÁ胫s LSÇÁÙÛÍÁª«s*LRi¬s Õ³dÁxtsvø ²R…²R…VgRi xmsoÌÁxqsVòQù ²R…¬s¹¸…V ª«sVVƒ«sVõ ª«sVVƒ«sVøLiµR…VgRi ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øÂ¿Á[ ƒ«sú¼½ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ji xqsXztísQ}qs¸R…Vª«sV¬s ¸R…WÇìØzmsLixms‡Á²T… xqsXztísQN]LRiNRPV @ƒ«sLi»R½LRiª«sVVƒ«sV »R½xmsxqsV= }qs|qsƒ«sV. (@ƒ«sLi»R½LRiª«sVƒ«sgS ®ƒs²R…®µ…LRizmsÛÍÁ[¬sµR…ƒ«sõª«sWÈÁ) A »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sNRPV ÌÁORPQQùª«sVV ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø®ªs[V. ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øLRiVú®µ…[LiúµyµR…V ÌÁLiµR…àÓáÍÜ[ ƒ«sVƒ«sõµj…. LiVVLiúµj…¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁNRPV g][¿RÁLjiLi¿RÁ¬sµj… ZNP[ª«sÍØƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVV xqsLRi*ZNýP[aRPƒyaRPƒ«sª«sVV\®ƒsƒ«sµy ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øª«sVV. r¡ª«sVV²R…V ¬s¸R…Vª«sVª«sVW¬s ª«sVƒ«saS+Li¼½ xqsª«sVNRPWLRiVèN]¬s xmsLRiª«sWƒ«sLiµR…NRPLRiª«sVƒ«sV »R½xmsxqsV=¹¸…VVNRPä úxms˳ت«sª«sVV gRiVLjiòLiÀÁ @ƒ«sVNRPWÌÁ xqsª«sV¸R…V ª«sVLRizqs »R½F¡ ¬sxtîsv²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV.
@´R… xqsVúryª«s ®ƒs[ú»y˳ØùLi ÇÁÌÁLi »R½ú»y¼½ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«sª±sV e µ][ù»R½ ¸R…Vµj…*aRP* ª«sVÐÁÌÁLi ÇÜ[ù»R½=Qõ¸R…Wxqs¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiª±sV ee 6
»R½µôR…a][ ÇÁgRiXx¤¦¦¦§xqsòú»R½ {qsòQûLRiW}msߨ xqsx¤¦¦¦X¿RÁèé¸R…WM e gRiL][÷é ˳ÏÁW»][*µR…lLi[ »yryLi zqós»R½M r¡7xmsùú¼½ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«sM ee 7
@aSaRPè ª«sVVª«sVV¿RÁVgRiLRi÷é ª«sVaRPNSò µ³yLRiâßá[ »R½»R½M e xqsª«sWµy¸R…W´R… »R½Li gRilLi[÷鮪s[VNUPNRPX»R½ù ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁM ee 8
¸R…VVªyƒ«s ª«sVNSL][µ`… ú‡Á¥¦¦¦ø xqsLS*¸R…VVµ³R…µ³R…LRiLi ƒ«sLRiª±sV e xqsùLiµR…®ƒs[ 7´R… xqsª«sV}qsòƒ«s ®ªs[µR…aRPNTPòª«sV¹¸…[V úxms˳ÏÁVM ee 9
AL][xmsùÍÜ[NRP ª«sVƒ«s¸R…Vµy¼d½ø¸R…VLi xqs zms»yª«sVx¤¦¦¦M e »R½»][ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øL<jiÕ³ÁM úF¡NRPòLi x¤¦¦¦ùxqsø»y=Q*„dsV˳ÏÁª«s »R½*¸R…Vª±sV ee 10
‡ÁVVztsQÕ³Á ®µô…[ª«s gRiLiµ³R…\lLiQQ* LRixms=L][Õ³Á xqsòQ\®µ³…ª«s¿RÁ e xqsWò¸R…Vª«sWƒ«sxqsù »R½ryù ˳ÏÁW µR…µ³j…NRPLi ª«sVx¤¦¦¦ µR…Li»R½LRiª±sV ee 11
¾»½[ÇÜ[ „s»yƒy µR…˳ÏÁª«s µR…V÷é„s µj…ª_ùxtsQµ³k…gRißáM e »R½µôk…zmsò LRiµ³j…NS »R½ryø úµyú»f ˳ÏÁª«s¼½ xqsLRi*µy ee 12
¾»½[ ƒ_xtsQµ³k…aRPM r¡®ªsW7˳ÏÁWµ`… µj…*ÛÇÁ[xtsQ*zms z¤¦¦¦ gRißáù¾»½[ e ®ªs[µR…µ³yª«sW LRixqsaSè¸R…VLi ¸R…Vµj…µR…Li ª«sVLi²R…ÌÁLi aRPV˳ÏÁª±sV ee 13
@ÈÁV\|ms ƒy»R½¬s NRPLi²ýR…ƒ«sVLi²T… ¬dsLRiVgSlLiƒ«sV. A ¬dsLRiV ®ªs®ƒsõÌÁ\¹¸…V »R½ƒ«s NSLi¼½Â¿Á[ ¿RÁLS¿RÁLRiúxmsxmsLi¿RÁª«sVV ƒ«sVµôk…zmsLixms ÛÇÁ[|qsƒ«sV. µj…aRPÌÁV {qsòQûLRiWxmsª«sVVg]¬s NSª«sVª«saRP##\ÛÍÁ ¸R…W ¾»½[ÇÁxqsV=ƒ«sV {qs*NRPLjiLiÀÁLji. A ¾»½[ÇÁxqsV= ªyLji gRiLRi÷骫sVVÌÁLiµR…V bPaRPVLRiWxms ª«sVLi®µ…ƒ«sV. µj…NSäLi»R½ÌÁµj… ‡ÁLRiV\®ªs»][xms ®ªsW¸R…VÛÍÁ[NRP µj…gjiÀÁN]¬sƒ«sLi»R½ ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁ ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ¸R…W ¾»½[ÇÁxqsV=ƒ«sLi»R½ ®ƒs[NRPª«sVV}qszqs xqsLS*¸R…VVµ³R…µ³R…LRiV\®²…ƒ«s ¹¸…VVNRP ¸R…VVª«sNRPV¬s gS„sLiÀÁ »R½ƒ«s ¿Á[¸R…VW»R½¬sÀÁè ®ªs[µR…aRP NTPòª«sV¸R…Vª«sVgRiV LRi´R…ª«sVV\|ms ¹¸…WNTPäLiÀÁ »R½ƒ«s ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÛÇÁ[lLi胫sV. @Li»R½ÈÁ ª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<RiVÍØ zmsÌýÁªy²R…V ª«sWNRPV LSÛÇÁ[ƒyxmso»R½ª«sV¬sN]¬sLji. ‡ÁVVxtsvÌÁV ®µ…[ª«sgRiLiµ³R…LS*xms=L][gRiß᪫sVV xqsVò¼½Lixms ƒy ¾»½[ÇÁzqs=ƒ«sVª«sVµj…LiÀÁ xqsLS*Li»R½LRiªyùxmsòª«sV¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. µy¬sƒ«sVLi²T… ˳ÏÁW„sV\|ms ƒ¯[xtsQµ³k…gRißá ª«sVVµR…LiVVLiÀÁƒ«sµj…. @LiµR…V¿Á[»R½®ƒs[ ª«sVWÖÁNRPÌÁV LSú¼½®ªs[ÎÏÁ „sVgRiVÌÁ ¾»½[ÇÜ[ª«sLi»R½ª«sVVÌÁgRiVƒ«sV. @µj…®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV r¡ª«sVV ²][xtsQµ³k…aRPV²R…¬s µj…*ÇÁLSÇÁ¬s¸R…VV gRißÓáLixms‡Á²R…V¿RÁVƒyõ²R…V.
OUPQ¸R…V¾»½[ ª«sLóRi¾»½[\¿Áª«s NRPX}tñsQ aRPVZNýP[¿RÁ xqsLRi*µy e „sLiaRP¼½Li¿RÁ »R½´yxqsxmsò µR…ORPQM úFy¿Á[»R½r¡ µR…µ_ ee 14
LRiWxmsÍØª«sßáùxqsLi¸R…VVNSò xqsòQ\|qs#ø NRPƒyùM xqsVª«sLRièxqsM e »R½»R½M aRPNTPò xqsx¤¦¦¦úryߨLi xqsx¤¦¦¦úryßÓá µR…\ZaPª«s»R½V ee 15
»R½xmsaRPèNSLRi bdP»yLiaRPV Lji*xtñsv µ³yùQ\®ƒsNRP »R½»R½öLRiM e »R½»R½xqsVòxtísQaRPè ˳ÏÁgRiªyLi xqsòQ\|qs#ø ƒyLS¸R…VßãÜ[ x¤¦¦¦LjiM ee 16
xmsLRiLi ª«sXßÔáxtsQ* ¿][ªy¿RÁ xmsLRiª«sW»yø ÇÁƒyLôRiƒ«sM e »R½»][ ª«sú®ªs[ ª«sLRiLi r¡ª«sVM aRPúNRPÍÜ[ZNP[ ¸R…VÇØ ª«sVùx¤¦¦¦ª±sV ee 17
úxms»R½ùQORPQ®ªs[Vª«s ˳Ü[NSòL][ ˳ÏÁª«sƒ«sVò ª«sVª«sV ª«sV¬ôslLi[ e LSÇÁxqsW¹¸…[V xqsVLRigRiߨ ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øµyù¹¸…[V ¿RÁ»R½VLji*µ³yM ee 18
LRiORPQFyÌÁM xqsV\lLiL][7ryøNRPª«sWryòLi aRPWÌÁµ³R…L][ x¤¦¦¦LRiM e »R½®´…[»R½VùQQNRPòM xqsª«sWÇÁú}¤¦¦¦LSxqsW¸R…VLi»R½V „sxtñsvƒy ee 19
@Li¾»½[NSµj…»R½²R…V ®ªs[µR…µ³yª«sVV²R…V. @»R½¬s ¾»½[ÇÁxqsV=gSgRiÌÁ ®ªs[µR…®ªs[V. ®ªs[µR…ª«sVVÌÁNRPV µ³yª«sVª«sVV (¬sªyxqsª«sVV) \®ƒs LRixqsxqs*LRiWxmso²R…V \®ƒsƒy²R…V. C ¿yLiúµyª«sVLi²R…ÌÁª«sVV NRPXxtñsQxmsORPQª«sVVƒ«sV OUPQßÓáLi¿RÁVƒ«sV aRPVNýRPxmsORPQª«sVLiµR…V ª«sXµôðj…¿ÁLiµR…Vƒ«sV. µR…ORPV ²U…»R½¬sNTP LRiWxms ÍØª«sßáùxqsLixmsƒ«sõÌÁV ª«sLRièzqs*ƒ«sVÌÁV\®ƒsƒ«s LiVVLRiVª«sµj…¹¸…[V²R…VgRiVLRiV NRPƒ«sùÌÁ ¬s¿Á胫sV. @ÈÁV\|ms¬s xmsµj…®ªs[ÌÁaRPNRPVòÌÁƒ«sV gRiW²R… LiVV»R½¬s NTP¿Á胫sV. A bdP»yLiaRPVª«so (¿RÁÖÁ®ªsÌÁVgRiV) „sxtñsvµ³yùƒ«s»R½»R½öLRiV\®²… »R½xmsxqsV= ¿Á[¸R…V ƒ«s»R½¬s¹¸…V²R… úxmsxqsƒ«sVõQQ\®²… ƒyLS¸R…VßáV²R…V ˳ÏÁgRiª«sLi»R½V²R…V x¤¦¦¦Lji ª«sLRiª«sVV N][LRiVª«sVƒ«s ¬sLiúµR…ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s LSÇÁxqsW¸R…V ¸R…VÇìÁª«sVV }qs|qsµR…ƒ«sV @LiµR…V ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øµj…®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ƒyÌæÁV „sµ³yÌÁªyLRiV ƒy LiVVLiÈÁ úxms»R½ùQORPQª«sVVgS ®ƒs[¬s¿RÁVè x¤¦¦¦„sLS÷égRiª«sVV ÍØLRigjiLixmsª«sÌÁ¸R…VVƒ«sV. ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ƒy ¸R…VÇìÁLRiORPQNRPVÌÁVgRi gSª«sÛÍÁƒ«sV. aRPWÌÁµ³R…LRiV²R…V (x¤¦¦¦LRiV²R…V) ªyLjiNTP FyÌÁNRPV²R…VgRiƒ«sVLi²R…ª«sÛÍÁƒ«s¬s N][Ljiƒ«s x¤¦¦¦Lji xqsLji¸R…V®ƒsƒ«sV. @ª«s*ÌÁ ¿RÁLiúµR…V²R…V LSÇÁxqsW¸R…V ®ªsVVƒ«sLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV.
x¤¦Ü[»y ú¼½LRi÷éQXgRiV LRiµ³R…LRiVùLRiVµæy»y¿RÁ ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁM e ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø»R½* ª«sVgRiª«sV»R½òxqsù DxmsúµR…uíy x¤¦¦¦LjiM xqs*¸R…Vª±sV ee 20
xqsµR…ryùM xqsLRi* ®µ…[ªyxqsVò LSÇÁxqsW¸R…V „sµ³j…xqsøQX»R½M e ª«sxqsª¯[7µ³R…*LRiùª«sxqsòµR…* µj…*ZaP[*®µ…[ªy xqsòQ\®´…ª«s¿RÁ ee 21
\¾»½QûÍÜ[NRPùLi µR…OTPQߨ¾»½[ƒ«s ‡ÁVV¼½*gRi÷éQùM úxms¼½Fyµj…»y e
r¡ª«sVM úFyxmsù´R… µR…VuyöQûxmsù \®ªsVaRP*LRiùLi xqsXztísQ xqs»R½äQX»R½ª±sV ee 22
xqsxmsòÍÜ[\ZNP NRP ƒy´R…»R½*Li úFyxmsòxqs=Q* »R½xmsry »R½µy ee 23
BLi µR…ú¼½ x¤¦Ü[»R½. ˳ÏÁXgRiV ª«sµ³R…*LRiVù²R…V. ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁV²R…Vµæy»R½. „sxtñsvª«so xqs*¸R…Vª«sVVgRi DxmsúµR…xtísQ ¸R…V¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. xqsLRi*®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV xqsµR…xqsVùÌÁV. ª«sxqsVª«soÌÁV „sZaP[*®µ…[ª«soÌÁV ƒ«sµ³R…*LRiVùÌÁLiVVLji. ¸R…VÇìÁµR…OTPQßágS xqs»R½²R…V ª«sVVÍýÜ[NRPª«sVVÖÁ¿Á胫sV. µyƒ«s r¡ª«sVV²R…V @ZaP[xtsQxqsXztísQ¸R…VV ®ªsV¿RÁVèN]ƒ«sV \®ƒsaRP*LRiùª«sVVƒ«sV ËÜLiµj…, xqsxmsòÍÜ[NSµ³j…ƒyµ³R…V²R…V ƒ«s¹¸…Vùƒ«sV.
NRPµyÀÁµR…Vµyùƒ«s gRi»yª«sVxmsaRPù µR…®ƒs[NRP xmsouyö˳ÏÁLRißãÜ[xms a][˳ت±sV e
‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦¬sõ»R½Li‡Áxqsòƒ«s˳ØLRi Û˳Á[µyLi xmsouyöª«s˳ÏÁLilgi[7xmsù¼½ µR…VLRiöÍØLigkiª±sV e
˳ØLSùLi¿RÁ »yLi®µ…[ª«sgRiVL][ LRiƒ«sLigRi ËØßØÕ³ÁLSª«sW¸R…V»R½ ¿yLRiV®ƒs[ú»yª±sV ee 24
»yLSLi xqs»yLSµ³j…xms¼½M xqsøLSLRiòM ZNP[ZaP[xtsv ÇÁúgSx¤¦¦¦ „s„s NRPò˳ÏÁWª«s° e
ryzms xqsøLSLSò xqsx¤¦¦¦¾»½[ ƒ«slLi[®ªs[V »R½úµR…Wxms NSLi»yù x¤¦¦¦X»R½ª«sWƒ«s\|qsª«s ee 25
¿RÁLiúµR…V²R…V »yLRiƒ«sV ÇÁÚÀÁ ®ªsWz¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁVÈÁ :
INRP»R½àÓá ƒ«sVµyùƒ«sª«sVLiµR…V xmspÌÁVª«sVV²T…ÀÁN]¬s »]²R…xmsoÌÁV µ]²T…gjiN]¬s @µR…V÷é»R½ „sÍØxqsª«sVV»][ xmspÌÁVg][¸R…VV¿RÁV ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦¬sõ»R½Li‡Á xqsòƒ«s˳ØLRiª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sÌÁzqs r~ÌÁzqs ¹¸…WzmsNRP |qs²T… ¹¸…VÌýÁËÜ[LiVVƒ«s ®µ…[ª«sgRiVLRiV ¬sÍýØÖÁLi µyLRiƒ«sV µyLSµ³j…xms¼½ ÇÁÚÀÁ NSª«sWLRiVòQ\®²… ¹¸…Vª«s*LRiV ÛÍÁ[NRPVLi²R…ÇÁÚÀÁ ÇÁ²R…ª«sÈíÁVN]ƒ«s @„s²R…¸R…VV ƒy»R½¬s ¸R…VLiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sVN][Lji gSLi¼½NTP¬s ª«sVVLjizqs ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦xms²T… ¸R…V»R½¬s»][ úgki²T…Li¿Áƒ«sV.
ÀÁLRiLi „sx¤¦¦¦X»yù´R… ÇÁgSª«sV»yLSLi „sµ³R…VLæRiQX{¤¦¦¦»y* xqs*gRiXx¤¦¦¦Li »R½»][7zms e
ƒ«s »R½XzmsòLS{qs »R½=Q*gRiX}¤¦¦¦7zms »R½xqsù »yLSƒ«sVLRiNRPòxqsù xqsV˳ØgRi®ªs[Vxtsv ee 26
‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½ xqsòµj…*¥¦¦¦gjiõ µR…gôðRixqsòµôðyùxqs¬s|tî^sQNRPª«sVƒy ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«s e
aRPaSNRP aSxmsLiƒ«s¿RÁ µy»R½Vª«sV\|qs#øƒ«s ª«sVLiú»R½ aRPryòQûgjiõ „s\|tsQLRi®ƒs[\ZNPM ee 27
»R½ryùxmsNRPLRiVòLi „s„s\®µ³…LRiVFy\¹¸…V\lLiQQõªyÕ³Á¿y\lLiLRizmsªygRiµ³k…aRPM e
xqs ¸R…W¿RÁª«sW¸R…Wxqs »R½»R½xqsVò ®µ…[ª«sLi r¡ª«sVLi xqs*˳ØLSùLóRi ª«sVƒ«sLigRi »R½xmsòM ee 28
xqs¸R…W¿RÁùª«sWƒ¯[7zms µR…µ_ƒ«s ˳ØLSùLi ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¾»½[M NSª«sVª«sZaP[ƒ«s®ªsWz¤¦¦¦»R½M e
ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*lLi[ߨ´R… ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÛÆÁ[ƒ«s ry\®µ³…Q*LRiøLRiVµj…÷éM xqsx¤¦¦¦ÍÜ[NRPFy\ÛÍÁM ee29
µR…µ_ ¸R…Vµy »yLi ƒ«s NRP´R…LiÀÁ µj…LiµR…V xqsòµy bPª«sM úN][µ³R…ª«sL][ ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«s e
¹¸…W ªyª«sV®µ…[ª«sM úxms´j…»R½M xmsXµ³j…ªyùª«sV®ƒs[NRP LRiVúµyLjiè»R½ FyµR…xmsµR…øMee 30
»R½»R½M xqsbPu¡ù gjiLjiaRPM zmsƒyNUP ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¾»½[M }qsõx¤¦¦¦ª«saSƒ«sV‡ÁµôðR…M e
µ³R…ƒ«sVLæRiQX{¤¦¦¦»y*ÇÁgRiª«sLixmso LSLjiLêRigSª«sV ˳ÏÁW¾»½[aRP*LRi zqsµôðR… ÇÁÙxtísQM ee 31
¸R…VVµôðy¸R…V r¡®ªs[Vƒ«s „sZaP[xtsQµk…xmsò »R½X¼d½¸R…V ®ƒs[ú»yƒ«sÌÁ Õ³dÁª«sV ª«sNRPòQûM e
ƒ«s\|¤¦¦¦ª«s ÇÁgRiVøaRPè gRiâßá[aRP*LSߨLi „sLiaSµ³j…NS xtsQztísQLRi´][úgRiª«sVWLjiòM ee 32
¸R…VZOP[QaRP*LSߨLi xqsgRi\âßá LRi®ƒs[\ZNPLRiVù»][7ƒ«s*gS »R½=QùLiµR…ƒ«s xqsLizqós»yƒyª±sV e
®ªs[»yÌÁ ¸R…VO][Q LRigRiNTPƒ«sõ LSߨLi xms®µ…[øƒ«s \¿ÁZNP[ƒ«s »R½´yLRiV÷µyƒyª±sV ee 33
ÌÁZO^PQQøzqsòQûÕ³Á µôy*µR…aRPÕ³dÁ LRi´yƒyLi r¡®ªsW7xmsùgS »R½òú»R½ „sª«sXµôðR…ª«sVƒ«sVùM e
aRP##\®ƒsaRPèLSLigSLRiNRPª«sXµôðR… ¾»½[ÇØ ƒ«sORPQQú»R½\®µ…»yùxqsVLRi\|qsƒ«sù¸R…VVNRPòM ee 34
A®ªsVƒ«sV ¬sÇÁgRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVøƒ«sNRPVLi µk…zqsN]¬sF¡LiVV ¹¸…VLi»][NSÌÁª«sVV „sx¤¦¦¦LjiLiÀÁ¸R…VVLi µyƒ«s gRiÌÁVgRiV xqsVÆØƒ«sV˳ÏÁª«sª«sVVÌÁLi µR…Xzmsò|qsLiµR…²R…¹¸…Vù. ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½¸R…VV µR…µj…*LRi¥¦¦¦gjiõNTPLi ËÜgRiÌÁ »R½®µ…[NRP µ³yùƒ«s¬sxtîsv²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. @LiVVƒ«sƒ«sV ÇÁLiúµR…V¬s aRPzmsLixms ÛÍÁ[²R…¹¸…Vù. ª«sVLiú»R½ aSxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ „sxtsQª«sVV¿Á[ ƒ«sgjiõ¿Á[ „s„sµ³yÕ³Á¿yLjiNRP úxmsúNTP¸R…VÌÁ¿Á[ ®ƒs[ ¸R…VVFy¸R…Vª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ ªy¬s ZNP[ ¸R…VFy¸R…Vª«sVV }qs¸R…V®ƒs[LRiNRP ªyNRPö¼½ ª«sVƒ«sø´R…»yxms®ªsVVLiµj… ¸R…W ®µ…[ª«so¬s r~ª«sVV¬sLi µR…ƒ«s ˳ØLRiù ¬sª«sVø¬s ¸R…V²T…gjiN]®ƒsƒ«sV. @»R½²R…VLi gSª«sVª«saRPV\®²… ¸R…W»R½¬s LiVVÍýØÖÁ ƒy»R½¬s NUP¸R…V²R…¹¸…Vù. ª«sV}¤¦¦¦aRP*LRiV²R…V A„dsVµR… ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁV²R…V ÍÜ[NRPFyÌÁVLRi»][gRiW²R… ryµ³R…VùÌÁV ª«sVLRiV»R½VòÌÁV ª«sÀÁè ¸R…WÀÁLiÀÁƒ«sƒ«sV ¬ds¸R…VNRPVƒ«sõLi»R½ bPª«so²R…VúgRiV²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. @»R½²R…V ªyª«sV®µ…[ª«so²R…ƒ«sV }msLRiVgRiƒ«sõªy²R…V. @®ƒs[NRP LRiVúµR… ÍØ»R½¬s FyµR…xmsµR…øª«sVVÌÁLi g]ÌÁV¿RÁV¿RÁVLiµR…VLRiV. A ry*„sV gjiLkiaRPV²R…V ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½»][²T… }qsõx¤¦¦¦ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ‡ÁµôðR…V\®²… bPxtsvùÌÁ»][ zmsƒyNRPª«sVVƒ«sV aRPWÌÁª«sVVƒ«sV @ÇÁgRiª«sª«sVøª«sVƒ«sV „sÌýÁVLi g]¬s ˳ÏÁW¾»½[aRP*LRizqsµôðR…xqsLixmnsVª«sVV»][ gRiW²R… „sVgRiVÌÁ ƒ«sVµôk…zmsLi¿RÁV ª«sVW²R…ª«s NRPLiÉÓÁ ª«sVLiÈÁÌÁLi ÇÁ²R…Vª«soN]ÌÁVxmso ®ªsVVgRiª«sVV»][ ƒ«sVúgRiª«sVWLjiòQ\¹¸…V ¹¸…Vƒ«sV‡Áµj…ª«sVLiµj… úxmsª«sV´R…gRiߨµ³j…xms»R½VÌÁ»][ LRiµ³yLRiW²³R…V\ÛÍÁƒ«s ¸R…VZOP[QaRP*LRigRiß᪫sVVÌÁ»][ xmsµR…øúxmsª«sWßáV @LRiV÷µR…úxmsª«sWßáVÌÁVƒ«sgRiV ÛËÁ[»yÎÏÁ ¸R…VORPQ ƒygRi NTP®ƒsõLRiVÌÁ»][ ƒy ¿RÁLiúµR…V¬s\|ms NTP ƒ«s²R…¿Áƒ«sV. r¡ª«sVVLi²R…Vƒ«sV ª«sVVxmsöµj… ¸R…WLRiV ÌÁORPQÌÁ LRi´R…ª«sVVÌÁ»][ N][F¡úµj…NRPVòQ\®²… aRP¬s¸R…VVLi gRiVÇÁÙ²R…Vƒ«sVLi »][\®²… »R½ƒ«s ¾»½[ÇÁª«sVVLi ÛËÁLiF~Liµj…Lixms ƒ«sORPQQú»R½ \®µ…»yùxqsVLRi \|qsƒ«s*ª«sVVÌÁ»][²R… LRiVúµR…V¬s\|msNTP µR…Li®²…¾»½òƒ«sV.
ÇÁgRiVøLRi÷é¸R…VLi xqsxmsò »R½\®´…ª«sÍÜ[NS µ³R…LS ª«sƒ«sµk…*xms xqsª«sVVúµR…gRiLS÷éM e
xqs r¡ª«sV®ªs[Vªy˳ÏÁùgRiª«sV ¼½öƒyNTP¬ds gRiX{¤¦¦¦»R½ µk…FyòxqsòQû „saSÌÁ ª«sz¤¦¦¦õM ee 35
@´y˳ÏÁª«sµk…÷éxtsQßá Õ³dÁª«sV r¡ª«sV\|qsƒ«sùµR…*¸R…Vryù´R… ª«sV¥¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦ª¯[7r¢ e
@ZaP[xtsQ xqs»R½*QORPQ¸R…VNRPX»R½öQûª«sXµôðR… {qsòQûQORPQQúxmsµ³yƒ¯[ÇÁ*ÌÁ\®ƒsNRP LRiWxmsM ee
aRP##|q^s#òQû LRi´yƒ¯[ùƒ«sù ª«sVZaP[xtsQ \|qsƒ«sùLi µR…*¹¸…WLêRigSª«sVORPQ¸R…V ª«sVVúgRi ¼d½ZO^PQQõM e
ª«s»R½¬sò aRPryòQûßÓá »R½´][ÇÁ*ÍØ¬s xqs*LRiW÷é„sV Fy»yÌÁª«sVÌÁLi µR…x¤¦¦¦Li¼½ ee 37
LRiVúµR…M úN][µ³yµ`… ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øbPL][ ª«sVV®ªsW¿RÁ r¡®ªsW7zms r¢ª«sWxqsòQû ª«sV®ªsWxmnsV„dsLRiùª±sV e
»R½¹¸…WLjiõFy¾»½[ƒ«s xqsª«sVVúµR… ˳ÏÁW˳Ü[ùLRi´yLi»R½LjiORPQxqsù Õ³dÁ¼½LS}qs»`½ ee 38
»R½µyƒ«sV ¸R…VVµôðR…Li ÇÁgRi»yLi ORPQ¸R…W¸R…V úxmsª«sXµôðR…ª«sWÍÜ[NRPùzms»yª«sVx¤¦Ü[7zms e
»R½»R½M úxms„saSù´R… NRP´R…LiÀÁ®µ…[ª«s ¬sªyLRi ¸R…Wª«sWxqs xqsV\lLiM xqs\|¤¦¦¦ª«s ee 39
@NSLRißáLi NTPLiORPQ¸R…V NRPXÇêÁƒyƒyLi r¡ª«sV »R½*¸R…W{msµR…ª«sV NSLRiùNSLRiùª±sV e
¸R…Vryø »R½öLRi{qsòQû x¤¦¦¦LRiߨ¸R…V r¡ª«sV »R½*¸R…W NRPö»R½Li ¸R…VVµôðR…ª«sV¼d½ª«s Õ³dÁª«sVª±sV ee 40
FyxmsúgRix¤¦¦¦xqsòQ*Li ˳ÏÁ„s»y ÇÁ®ƒs[xtsv FyF¡7xqsùÌÁLi ª«sz¤¦¦¦õ ª«sVVÆØbPƒyLi »R½*ª±sV e
˳ØLSù„sVª«sWª«sVLRiö¸R…V ªyNRPö¾»½[xqsòQ*Li úxmsª«sWßá¸R…V®ƒs[õª«s ª«sVµk…¸R…V ªy¿RÁª±sV ee 41
»R½®µ³…[¼½¿][ªy¿RÁ z¤¦¦¦ª«sWLiaRPVª«sWÖdÁ ¸R…VVµôðyµR…FyúNSª«sVµR…»R½M úxmsaSLi»R½M e
‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½ryòª«sV´R… gRiXx¤¦¦¦ù»yLSLi x¤¦¦¦Xuí¡ ÇÁgSª«sV xqs*gRiXx¤¦¦¦Li¿RÁ LRiVúµR…M ee 42
xqsxmsòÍÜ[NRPª«sVVÌÁV x¤¦¦¦²R…ÖÁF¡LiVVƒ«s„s. ˳ÏÁW„sV ª«sƒ«sª«sVVÌÁV µk…*xmsxqsª«sVVúµR…ª«sVVÌÁ»][ gRiLizmsLiÀÁƒ«sµj…. xmsLRiª«sVbPª«so ²R…gjiõ ÇØ*ÌÁÌÁLi ÀÁª«sVVø ƒ«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁLi g]¬s r¡ª«sVV¬s\|msZNP[lgiƒ«sV. Õ³dÁ®ªs[VaRP*LRiVƒ«sNRPV r¡ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ¼d½úª«s¸R…VVµôðR…ª«sVV ÇÁLjilgiƒ«sV. ˳ÏÁ¸R…VLiNRPLSxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁV NRPV˳ÏÁ¸R…V \|qsƒ«sùª«sVVÌÁV ORPQLiVVLi¿Áƒ«sV. @xmso²R…V úxmsÇÁ*ÖÁLi¿RÁV¿RÁV ƒ«sxqsòQûª«sVVÌÁV Fy»yÎÏÁª«sVV ƒ«sVLi²T… xqs*LæRiª«sVVµyNRP gRiÌÁ ÍÜ[NRPª«sVV ÌÁLi µR…z¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV. LRiVúµR…V²R…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øbPL][ƒyª«sVNRPª«sVVƒ«sV r¡ª«sVV²R…V r¡ª«sWxqsòQûª«sVVƒ«sV ª«sµR…ÖÁLji. @µj… \|ms‡Á²T…ƒ«sLi»R½ xqsª«sVVúµR…ª«sVVÌÁV ˳ÏÁW„sV @Li»R½LjiORPQª«sVVƒ«sV ˳ÏÁ¸R…Vú˳ØLi»R½ª«sVVÌÁ¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. ÇÁgRi»`½ORPQ¸R…Vª«sVV }qs¸R…V „sÇÁXLiÕ³ÁLiÀÁƒ«s ¸R…Vª«sVøx¤¦Ü[úgRi xqsª«sVLRiª«sVVLigRi¬s ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁ»][ ƒ«sÈÁ ÇÜÀÁè µy¬s¬s ªyLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. @NSLRiß᪫sVVgRi ¬ds ÇÁƒ«sORPQ¸R…V®ªs[VÌÁ ¿RÁLiúµy ! ¬ds®ªs[¬s LiVW NRPW²R…¬sxms¬s ¹¸…[VÌÁ }qs|qsµR…ª«so. ¬dsª«so xmsLRi{qsòQû¬s x¤¦¦¦LjiLi¿RÁVÈÁ¹¸…[VNSNRP ¸R…VLiµR…VÌÁ NTPLi»R½ F¡L]ƒ«sLjiLi»R½Vªy ! @gjiõª«sVVÅÁª«sVVƒ«s ¬dsª«so ÍÜ[NRPVÌÁLi µk…ª«so FyxmsúgRix¤¦¦¦ª«s°µR…Vª«so. ª«sz¤¦¦¦õª«sVVÅÁVÌÁÍÜ[ (®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁÍÜ[) ¬dsª«so FyFy»R½Vø²R…ª_µR…Vª«so. ƒy ª«sWÈÁƒ«sV úxmsª«sWß᪫sVVgRi \lgiN]¬s ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½ ˳ØLRiù ƒ«s»R½¬sNTP xqsª«sVLjiöLixmsoª«sVV. @ƒ«s xqsLji¸R…V¬s ¿RÁÖÁ®ªsÌÁVgRiV ¿RÁÌýÁ‡Á²T… F¡LRiVƒ«sVLiµj… »]ÌÁlgiƒ«sV. xqsVLRigRiVLRiVª«so »yLRiƒ«sV g]¬s xqsLi»][xtsQª«sVV»][ ¬sLiÉÓÁNTP¬s LRiVúµR…V²R…V \ZNPÍØxqsª«sVVƒ«sNRPVƒ«sVLi ÇÁ¬sLji.
xmsoÌÁxqsòQù Dªy¿RÁ :
»R½»R½M xqsLi»R½=LRiryùLi¾»½[ µy*µR…aSµj…»R½ù xqs¬sõ˳ÏÁM e µj…ª«sù {ms»yLi‡ÁLRiµ³R…L][ µj…ªyù˳ÏÁLRißá˳ÏÁWztsQ»R½M ee 43
»yL][µR…LRi „s¬suyä7iLi»R½M NRPVª«sWLRiM xqsWLRiù xqs¬sõ˳ÏÁM e xqsLS*LóRiaSxqsòQû„sµj…*µy*ƒ>«szqsò aSxqsòQûúxmsª«sLRiòNRPM ee 44
ƒyª«sV ¸R…VúµyÇÁxmsoú»][7LóRi „súaRPV»][ LS\®ªsµR…ùNRPM e LSÇìÁM r¡ª«sVxqsù xmsoú»R½»y* úµyxmsoú»][ ‡ÁVµ³R…M xqsøQX»R½M ee 45
ÇÁƒyƒyLi»R½V xqs¾»½[ÇØLizqs xqsLS*âßá[ùªyOTPQxmsµ`… ‡ÁÖdÁ e ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øµyùxqsòú»R½¿yÇÁgRiVø lLôi[ªy ®µ…[ª«sL<jiÕ³ÁM xqsx¤¦¦¦ ee 46
‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½ gRi÷}¤¦¦¦ xqslLi[* ÇØ»R½NRPL][ø»R½=®ªs[ »R½µy e úxmsxms¿RÁèé}qsò xqsVLSryòLSLi ZNP[ƒ«s ÇØ»R½»R½M NRPVª«sWLRiNRPM ee 47
»R½»R½M ry ÌÁÑêÁ»y ¾»½[uyLiƒ«s NTPLiÀÁµR…ª«sµR…»R½òµy e xmsoƒ«sM xmsoƒ«sxqsòµy xmsXuíy ÌÁÇêÁ¸R…V¬dsò xmsLSLigRiƒy ee 48
r¡ª«sV}qsù¼½ ÀÁLSµyx¤¦¦¦»R½»][ gRiXx¤ñ¦¦¦µj…*µ³R…VM xqsV»R½ª±sV e ‡ÁVµ³R… B»R½ùNRPL][ ƒyõª«sVúFyµyÇÁùLi ¿RÁ ˳ÏÁW»R½ÛÍÁ[ ee 49
@Õ³Á}tsQNRPLi »R½»R½M NRPX»y* úxmsµyƒ«s ª«sVNRPL][µj…*˳ÏÁVM e úgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVµ³R…ùLi úxmsµy¸R…W´R… ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øL<jiÕ³ÁLRiVù»R½M ee 50
ª«saRPù»yLi xqsLRi*˳ÏÁW»yƒyLi »R½\¾»½QûªyLi»R½LRiµ³k…¸R…V»R½ e BÍÜ[µR…lLi[¿RÁ µ³R…LjiøxtîsQLi ‡ÁVµR…M xmsoú»R½ª«sVÒÁÇÁƒ«s»`½ ee 51
INRP xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVVƒ«sNRPV µy*µR…aSµj…»R½VùÌÁNRPV xqsª«sWƒ«sV²R…V µj…ª«sù {ms»yLi‡ÁLRiµ³yLji µj…ªyù˳ÏÁLRißá˳ÏÁWztsQ»R½V²R…V xqsWLRiVùª«sLiÉÓÁªy²R…V xqsLRi*aSxqsòQûxqêsV²R…V „sµy*LixqsV²R…V gRiÇÁaSxqsòQûNRPLRiò LS\ÛÇÁƒ«s r¡ª«sVV¬s xmsoú»R½V²R…VgSª«soƒ«s LSÇÁxmsoú»R½V²R…ƒ«sV ryLóRiNRP ƒyª«sVª«sVVLig]¬s LSÇÁ\®ªsµR…Vù²R…V\®ƒsƒ«s »yLS gRiLRi÷骫sVVƒ«sVLi²T… ®ªsÌÁVª«s®²…ƒ«sV xqsLRi*ÇÁƒ«sVÌÁ ¾»½[ÇÁxqsV=ÌÁ ƒ«s»R½²R…V xmsoßÓáNTPxmso¿RÁVèN]®ƒsƒ«sV. ú‡Á¥¦¦¦øµj…®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øL<RiVÌÁV ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½ gRiXx¤¦¦¦ª«sVLiµR…V ÇÁƒ¯[ø»R½=ª«sª«sVVƒ«sNRPV (ËØLRiryÌÁNRPV) ª«sÀÁèLji. A ª«sÀÁ胫sªylLiª«sLjiNTP „ds²R…V xmsoÉíÓÁƒy²R…¬s »yLRi ƒ«s²T…gjiLji. A LRiª«sVßÔ᪫sVßÓá zqsgæRiVª«s²T… ªyLjiZNP[„sV¸R…VVLi ‡ÁÌÁVNRPµR…¹¸…Vù. ªyLRiV ª«sVLRiÌÁ ª«sVLRiÌÁ ƒ«s²R…VgRi ÕÁ²T…¸R…Vxms²R…V¿RÁV ¿yÌÁ}qsxmsÉÓÁNTP „ds²R…V r¡ª«sVV¬s ªy²R…®ƒsƒ«sV. @ÈÁV\|ms¬s r¡ª«sVV²y N]²R…VNRPVLi ÛÇÁ[N]®ƒsƒ«sV. ‡ÁVµ³R…V²R…¬s }mslLi*ÛÉíÁƒ«sV. @ª«s¬s\|ms LSÇÁùÕ³Á}tsQNRPª«sVVLi ÛÇÁ[zqs ÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«sLi ú‡Áµ³yƒ«sV¬sgRi ƒ¯ƒ«sLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. A\|ms ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øL<RiVÌÁ ƒ«s²R…Vª«sV úgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVµ³R…ùróyƒ«sª«sVV ƒ¯xqsLigji ˳ÏÁW»R½ª«sVVÛÍÁÌýÁ gRiƒ«sV¿RÁVLi²R… ÇØÈÁ¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. A ‡ÁVµ³R…V ²T…ÌÁ ¸R…Vƒ«sV ƒy®ªsV¸R…VLiµR…V µ³R…LRiø¬sxtîsv²R…LiVVƒ«s N]²R…VNRPVLi gRi®ƒsƒ«sV.
@aRP*®ªs[Vµ³R… aRP»R½Li ryúgRiª«sV NRPL][µR…ù xqs=Q*¾»½[ÇÁry e xmsoLRiWLRiªy B¼½ ÆØù»R½M xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NRP ƒ«sª«sVxqsäQX»R½M ee 52
z¤¦¦¦ª«sVª«sÀÁèéÅÁlLi[ LRi®ªs[Vù xqsª«sWLRiµ³R…ùzms»yª«sVx¤¦¦¦ª±sV e ÍÜ[\ZNPaRP*LRiùª«sVgS úµyÇÁ ƒ«s=xmsòµk…*xmsxms¼½ xqsòµy ee 53
ZNP[bP úxms˳ÏÁX»R½¹¸…W \®µ…»yùxqsòµ`… ˳ÏÁX»R½ù»R½*Li xqsª«sWgRi»yM DLRi*bdP¸R…Vxqsù xms¼d½õ»R½*ª«sVgRiª«sVúµR…Wxms®ªsWz¤¦¦¦»y ee 54
xqsxmsòµk…*Fy ª«sxqsVª«sV¼d½ ƒ«s\ZaPÌÁª«sƒ«s NSƒ«sƒy e µ³R…lLi[øßá FyÖÁ»y ¾»½[ƒ«s xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NRP z¤¦¦¦\¾»½ztsQߨ ee 55
¿yª«sVLRi úgRix¤¦¦¦ßØ NUPLjiòM xqs*¸R…VLi \¿ÁªyLigRiªyz¤¦¦¦NS e ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øúxmsryµy ®µô…[®ªs[Liúµ][ µR…µyª«sLóSxqsƒ«sLi »R½µy ee 56
µ³R…LSøLóRi NSª«sWƒ±s µ³R…lLi[øßá xqsª«sV®ªs[»][7˳ÏÁù FyÌÁ¸R…V»`½ e µ³R…LSøLóRi NSª«sW xqsòLi úµR…xtísvª«sW ÇÁgRiVøM N_»R½VNS¬s*»yM ee 57
ÑÁÇìØxqsª«sxqsò¿RÁèLji»R½Li NRP´R…Li xmsaRPù¼½ƒ«sM xqsª«sVª±sV e ˳ÏÁNSòQù ¿RÁúZNP[ »R½»R½}qsòuy ª«sVLçRiQù Fyµyùµj…NRPLi »R½»R½M ee 58
@xqsxqsú»R½¸R…V ª«sW¬ds¸R…V µj…xmsùLi NRPƒ«sNRP ˳ÏÁWxtsQß᪱sV e ¬s®ªs[aSù´y NRPL][ »R½WöÇØ „dsVxtsQµôðR…lLi[ø7µ³j…NSLi xmsoƒ«sM ee 59
ÇÁgRiø»R½Vr¢ò¿RÁ NSª«sWLóS ª«s¼½ N][xmsLi ƒ«sXxmsLi úxms¼½ e @LóRiM aSxmsª«sVµy»R½òQ\|qs#ø ÍÜ[˳ػR½òQ*ƒyõaRP##®ªs[VxtsQùzqs ee 60
@»R½®²…[ xmsoLRiWLRiª«so²R…V, »R½ƒ«s ¾»½[ÇÁª«sVV»][ ®ªs[LiVV @aRP*®ªs[V´R…ª«sVVÌÁ xqsª«sVúgRiª«sVVgRi ƒy¿RÁLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NRP ª«sLiµR…Vù²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. ¿RÁNRPä¬s z¤¦¦¦ª«sWÌÁ¸R…V bPÅÁLRiª«sVLiµR…V ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦øƒ«sV }qs„sLiÀÁ xqsxmsòµk…*Fyµ³j…xms¼½\¹¸…V ÍÜ[ZNP[aRP*LRi»R½*ª«sVVƒ«sV ËÜLi®µ…ƒ«sV. ZNP[bP ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiV \®µ…»R½VùÌÁ»R½¬sNTP ˳ÏÁX»R½VùQ\ÛÍÁLji (µyxqsV\ÛÍÁLji). @»R½¬s ¸R…VLiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sNRPV ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦xms²T… ¸R…VWLRi*bP ¸R…V»R½¬s ˳ØLRiù ¸R…V¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. xqsLRi*ÍÜ[NRP z¤¦¦¦»yLôðji¸R…VgRiV ƒ«s»R½²R…V xqsxmsòµk…*xms xqsz¤¦¦¦»R½\¹¸…Vƒ«s ª«sxqsVª«sV¼½Li ËØÖÁLi¿Áƒ«sV. NUPLjiòNSLi»R½ xqs*¸R…Vª«sVVgRi ÇØª«sVLRiª«sVV ¿Á[N]¬s ¸R…W»R½¬sNTP „dsÀÁƒ«sµj…. @»R½¬sNTP ªyx¤¦¦¦ƒ«sª«sVV ƒ«s¹¸…Vùƒ«sV (@»R½¬s ®ƒs¼½òN]ƒ«sõµR…ƒ«sõª«sWÈÁ). ú‡Áx¤¦¦¦ø ¸R…Vƒ«sVúgRix¤¦¦¦ª«sVV¿Á[ ¬sLiúµR…V²R…»R½¬s NRPLôðSƒ«sƒ«s„sV¿Á胫sV. µ³R…LRiøª«sVV»][ ƒ«sVLi²T… µ³R…LSøLôðRiNSª«sVª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV ‡ÁVLRiVuyLôðRiª«sVVÌÁ ÇÁNRPägRi ‡ÁLjiFyÖÁLi¿Áƒ«sV. @„s xqs*LRiWxmsª«sVV g]¬s ª«sVª«sVVøÌÁ ƒ«s»R½®²…Li»R½ xqsª«sV˳ت«sª«sVVƒ«s ÇÁÚ¿RÁV¿RÁVƒyõ²][¸R…V¬s ¸R…W»R½¬s ¿RÁLjiú»R½ª«sVVLi ÇÁÚ²R…ª«sVV¿RÁèÈÁg]¬s ¸R…W»R½¬s µR…LjiNTP ª«sÀÁ胫s„s. @»R½²R…V ªyLjiNTP ˳ÏÁNTPò»][ ƒ«sLçRiQùFyµyùµj… xqsxmsLRiùÖÁÀÁè ª«sVW²yxqsƒ«sª«sVVÌÁLi gRiWLRiVèLi²R…ÛËÁÉíÓÁ µj…ªyù˳ÏÁLRiß᪫sVV ÍÜxqsLigji xmspÑÁLi¿Áƒ«sV. @LiµR…V µ³R…LRiø xmsoLRiVuyLôðRi ®ªsVNRPV䪫s xmspÇÁ ƒ¯Li®µ…ƒ«sV. @µj… ¿RÁWÀÁ @LôðRi NSª«sVxmsoLRiVuyLôðRiª«sVWLRiVò ÖÁµôR…LRiV A âàá[¬s ¹¸…V²R… „sVNTPäÖÁgRi ƒyúgRiz¤¦¦¦LiÀÁLji. @LôðRixmsoLRiVuyLôðRiª«sVWLjiò ¬dsª«so ÍÜ[˳ÏÁª«sVVª«sÌÁƒ«s ƒyaRPª«sVLi®µ…µR…ª«s¬s aRPzmsLi¿Áƒ«sV.
NS®ªsW7Fyùx¤¦¦¦»R½»][ƒyøµ][ ˳ÏÁ„s»y gRiLiµ³R…ª«sWµR…®ƒs[ e NRPVª«sWLRi ª«sƒ«s ª«sWúbP»R½ù „s®ªsWgS¿][LRi*bdP˳ÏÁª«s»`½ ee 61
µ³R…L][øFyùx¤¦¦¦ ÀÁLS¸R…VVxqsòQ*Li µ³yLjiøNRPaRPè ˳ÏÁ„sxtsQùzqs e xqsLi»R½¼½xqsòª«s LSÛÇÁ[LiúµR… ¸R…Wª«sµy¿RÁLiúµR…»yLRiNRPª±sV ee 62
aRP»R½a][ ª«sXµôðj… ª«sW¸R…W¼½ ƒ«sƒyaRPLi˳ÏÁV„s¸R…Wxqsù¼½ e xtsQztísQLi ª«sL<SßÓá¿][ƒyøµR… ELRi*bdP NSª«sVxqsLi˳ÏÁª«sM ee 63
@ÀÁLS®µ…[ª«s ˳ØLSùzms xmsaRP##®ªs[VxtsQù¼½ ¿yxms=LSM e B»R½VùQQNSòQ* »R½LôRiµ³R…VM xqslLi[* LSÇØ LSÇÁùLi »R½µyƒ«s*˳ÏÁW»`½ ee 64
@x¤¦¦¦ƒ«sùx¤¦¦¦¬s ®µ…[®ªs[LiúµR…Li úµR…xtísvLi ¸R…W¼½ xmsoLRiWLRiªyM e NRPµyÀÁµyLRiVx¤¦¦¦ù LRi´R…Li µR…OTPQߨLi‡ÁLRi¿yLjiߨ ee 65
ryLôðRiLi aRP##úZNP[ßár¡7xmsaRP* ¬dsõ¸R…Vª«sWƒyª«sV´yLi‡ÁlLi[ e ZNP[bPƒy µyƒ«s®ªs[Liú®µ…[ßá ÀÁú»R½ÛÍÁ[ÆØ ª«sV´][LRi*bdPª±sV ee 66
»R½Li „s¬sLêji»R½ù xqsª«sVlLi[ „s„sµ³y¸R…VVµ³R…Fy»R½\®ƒsM e xmsoLS aRPúN][7zms xqsª«sVlLi[ ¹¸…[Vƒ«s ª«súÒÁ „s¬sLêji»R½M ee 67
„sVú»R½»R½*ª«sVgRiª«sV¾»½[òƒ«s úFyµyµj…Liúµy¸R…V¿][LRi*bdPª±sV e »R½»R½M úxms˳ÏÁX¼½ „sVú»R½»R½*ª«sVgRiª«sV»yöNRP aSxqsƒ«sM ee 68
xqsLRi*ÍÜ[ZNP[7¼½aRPLiVV»R½Li xmsoLRiWLRiª«s xqs®ªs[Vª«s»R½ª±sV e úFyx¤¦¦¦ ª«súÒÁ»R½V xqsLi»R½Vuí¡ ¬s¸R…V»y„sV¸R…V®ªs[Vª«s¿RÁ ee 69
NSª«sVV²R…Vƒ«sV ¬dsª«so gRiLiµ³R…ª«sWµR…ƒ«sgjiLji\|ms gRiÌÁ NRPVª«sWLRiª«sƒ«sª«sVLiµR…V ELRi*bdP „s¹¸…WgRiª«sVLiµj… zmsÀÁèªy²R…ª«s¹¸…VùµR… ª«s®ƒsƒ«sV.
µ³R…LSøxmsoLRiVuyLôðRiª«sVWLjiò ¬dsª«so ÀÁLS¸R…VVúxtsv²R…ª«so µ³yLjiøNRPV²R…ª«so ƒ«s¹¸…VùµR…ª«so. J LSÛÇÁ[Liúµy ! ¬ds xqsLi»yƒ«sª«sVV ª«sLiµR…ÌÁV xmsLiµR…ÌÁVgRi ª«sW¿RÁLiúµR…»yLSLRi䪫sVV xqsLS*Õ³Áª«sXµôðR…VÌÁ ƒ«sVLiµR…VLRiV. ELRi*bdP NSª«sV¬s„sV»R½òª«sVVƒ«s ƒ«sLRiVª«s®µ…[Li²ýR…V zmsÀÁèªy²R…\®ªs »R½zmsLi»R½Vª«so. »R½VµR…NS ¸R…Vxms=LRixqs »R½*LRiÍÜ[®ƒs[ ¬ds xms¼½õ ¸R…VgRiVƒ«sV. @¬s ¸R…W xmsoLRiVuyLôðRiª«sVWLRiVòÌÁV ƒ«sÌÁVgRiVLRiV ƒ«sLi»R½LóSƒ«s\®ªsVLji. @xmso²R…V xmsoLRiWLRiª«s ¿RÁúNRPª«sLjiò LSÇÁùª«sVV ‡Á²R…|qsƒ«sV. @»R½²R…V úxms¼½µj…ƒ«s„sVLiúµR…µR…LRi+ƒ«sª«sVV}qs¸R…V ®ƒs[gji ¼½Ljigjiª«s¿RÁVè¿RÁVLi®²…ƒ«sV. INRP ƒy²R…V LRi´R…®ªsVNTPä µR…OTPQß᪫sVV\®ªsFyNSaRPª«sVLiµR…V µj…LRiVgRiV¿RÁVƒ«sõ LiVVLiúµR…V¬s»][gRiW²R… ZNP[bP¸R…Vƒ«sV LSORPQxqsV¬s¿Á[ ÍØgjiN]¬sF¡‡Á²R…V¿RÁVƒ«sõ ÀÁú»R½ÛÍÁ[ÅÁƒ«sV ƒ«sWLRi*bPLi ÇÁÚ¿Áƒ«sV. A LSORPQxqsVÌÁ ®ƒsƒ¯[õ ¸R…W¸R…VVµ³R…ª«sVVÌÁ¿Á[ ÇÁLiVVLiÀÁ¸R…VVLi µR…VµR…NRPV ªyLji¿Á[¼½ÍÜ[ ¬sLiúµR…V®²…[ ¹¸…W²T…F¡¹¸…Vƒ«sV. @xmsöV²T…LiúµR…V²R…V xmsoLRiWLRixmso¬s»][ }qsõx¤¦¦¦ª«sVV}qszqsN]¬s ¸R…W ZNP[bP ƒ¯[µj…LiÀÁ ¸R…VWLRi*zqs ¬sLiúµR…Vƒ«sNRPxmsögjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. @µj…®ªsVVµR…ÌÁV xmsoLRiWLRiª«so¬sNTP „sVú»R½V ²R…WLRi*bP¬s ‡ÁVLRiWLRiª«soƒ«sNTP¿Á胫sV.
ry xmsoLRiWLRiª«s ƒ«sMú{ms\¾»½Qù ¿ygS¸R…V¿RÁèLji»R½Li ª«sVx¤¦¦¦»`½ e ÌÁOUPQQø xqs*¸R…VLiª«sLRiLi ƒyª«sV ˳ÏÁLRi¾»½[ƒ«s úxmsª«sLjiò»R½ª±sV ee 70
®ªs[Vƒ«sNSLi¿][LRi*bdPLi LRiLi˳ØLi ƒ«sX»R½ùµ³R…*„sV¼½¿y µj…aRP»`½ e ƒ«sƒ«sLRiòxqsÌÁ¸R…VLi »R½ú»R½ LRiW}msßá¿][LRi*bdP ee 71
ry xmsoLRiWLRiª«s µR…Xuíy* ƒ«sX»R½ùLi¼d½ NSª«sV{ms²T…»y e „sxqsòQX»yÕ³Áƒ«s¸R…VLi xqsLRi*Li ¸R…V»R½VöLS»R½ƒ«s ¿][µj…»R½ª±sV ee 72
aRPaSxms ˳ÏÁLRi»R½M úN][µ³yµj…*¹¸…WgS »R½òxqsù ˳ÏÁW»R½ÛÍÁ[ e xmsLi¿RÁ xmsLi¿yaRPµR…Ëôجs ÌÁ»y˳ÏÁW»y ˳ÏÁ„sxtsQùzqs ee 73
»R½»R½xqsòª«sVVLRi*bdPgRi»y* ˳ÏÁLSòLRiª«sVNRPL][ÀÁèLRiª±sV e aSFyƒ«sV˳ÏÁª«sƒyLi¾»½[ ¿RÁ ELRi*bdP ‡ÁVµ³R…xqsWƒ«sVƒy ee 74
@ÒÁÇÁƒ«s »R½V=»yƒ«suí¢ƒyª«sV »R½ryò¬sõËÜ[µ³R…®ªs[V e A¸R…VVLôRiQX²³y ¸R…VVLRi*aSù¸R…VVLRi÷ÍØ¸R…VV LôðRiQX¼½ª«sWƒ±s ª«sxqsVM ee 75
µj…ª«sùÇØ¸R…VVM aRP»y¸R…VVaRPè xqslLi[* µj…ª«sù‡ÁÍÝÇÁxqsM e @¸R…VVu¡ ƒ«sx¤¦¦¦§xtsQM xmsoú»][ ª«sXµôðR…aRPLSø »R½\®´…ª«s¿RÁ ee 76
LjiÑÁLôRiLi²][ „saSÅÁaRPè ªyLSM xmsLi¿RÁ ª«sV¥¦¦¦LRi´yM e LRiÛÇÁ[ xmsoú»R½aRP»R½Li ÇÁÛÇìÁ[ LSÛÇÁ[¸R…W B¼½ „súaRPV»R½ª±sV ee 77
LRiÑÁ LSLSµ³R…¸R…Wª«sWxqs ƒyLS¸R…Vßá ª«sVNRPÌÁøxtsQª±sV e »R½xmsry»][ztsQ»][ „sxtñsvLRi*LRiLi úFyµyƒ«sø{¤¦¦¦xms¾»½[M ee 78
®µ…[ªyxqsVLRi ª«sVƒ«sVuyùߨ ª«sV˳ÏÁW»R½=„sÇÁLiVW »R½µy e @´R… ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRiLi ¸R…VVµôðR… ª«sV˳ÏÁWLôRiQ*L<Ri aRP»R½ú»R½¸R…Vª±sV ee 79
A®ªsV xmsoLRiWLRiª«sxqsV ƒyƒ«sLiµR…|msÈíÁVÈÁNRPV ÌÁOUPQQø xqs*¸R…VLiª«sLRi NRP´R…ƒ«sV gSƒ«sª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. A NRP´R… ƒyÉØù¿yLRiVù²R…V ˳ÏÁLRi»R½V²R…V LRiÀÁLiÀÁƒ«sµj…. @»R½²R…V ®ªs[Vƒ«sNRPƒ«sV ELRi*bP¬s LRiLi˳ÏÁƒ«sV ƒy NRP´R… ƒ«sÕ³Áƒ«sLiVVLi¿RÁV¿RÁV ƒ«sX»R½ùª«sVV }qs¸R…VV²R…¬s ¸R…W®µ…[bPLi¿Áƒ«sV. @xmsöV²R…WLRi*bP ÌÁOUPQQøFyú»R½ µ³R…LjiLiÀÁ ƒ«sX»R½ùª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. ¿Á[¸R…VV¿RÁV xmsoLRiWLRixmso¬s ÇÁÚÀÁ NSª«sV„sª«saRP##\¹¸…V gRiVLRiVª«soÌÁV ®ƒs[Ljiöƒ«s ¸R…VÕ³Áƒ«s¸R…VxmsµôðR…¼½ ¹¸…VÌýÁ ª«sVLjiÀÁF¡¹¸…Vƒ«sV. µyƒ«sLi g][zmsLiÀÁ ˳ÏÁLRi»R½V²R…V ˳ÏÁW„sVNTPLiËÜ[LiVV ¹¸…[V‡Áµj…¹¸…[V®µ…[Li²ýR…V ¼d½gRi\®ªs¸R…VVLi²R…Vª«sV¬s aRPzmsLi¿Áƒ«sV. @LiµR…V¿Á[ ƒy®ªsV ˳ÏÁW»R½ÌÁª«sVVƒ«sNRPVLi µj…gjiª«sÀÁè ÀÁLRiNSÌÁª«sVV xmsoLRiWLRiª«so¬s ˳ÏÁLRiògS \lgiN]®ƒsƒ«sV. A®ªsV ¸R…W»R½¬s ª«sÌÁƒ«s ®ƒsƒ«sª«sVLi²R…VgRiVLRiV xmsoú»R½VÌÁLi gRi®ƒsƒ«sV. ªyLRiV A¸R…VVª«so µR…X²y¸R…VVª«so ª«saSù¸R…VVª«so ‡ÁÍØ¸R…VVª«so µ³R…X¼½ª«sVLi»R½V²R…V ª«sxqsVª«so µj…ªyùÇØ¸R…VVª«so aRP»y¸R…VVª«so ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV ª«sVLiÀÁ ‡ÁÌÁaSÌÁVLRiV \®µ³…LRiùª«sLi»R½VÌÁVƒ«sV µj…ª«sù¾»½[ÇÁxqsV=ÌÁV. A¸R…VVª«so N]²R…VNRPV\ÛÍÁµR…VgRiVLRiV xqsx¤¦¦¦§xtsv²R…V ®ªsVVµR…ÌÁgRiVªyLRiV. LRiÑÁNTP ƒ«sWLRiVgRiVLRiV N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV LSÛÇÁ[¸R…VVÌÁƒ«sV úxmszqsµôðR…VÌÁV. LjiÑÁ „sxtñsvª«so ƒyLSµ³j…Liª«s ƒy¸R…Vƒ«s ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRi ª«sVƒ«sVxtsQùÌÁ®ƒsÌýÁ ÇÁLiVVLi»R½Vƒ«s¬s ª«sLRi„sV¿Á胫sV. @ª«s*ÌÁ ª«sVW²R…Vª«sLiµR…ÛÍÁ[Li²ýR…V ÇÁLjigjiƒ«s ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRi xqsLiúgSª«sV ª«sV¹¸…Vùƒ«sV.
úxms¥ý¦¦¦µR… aRPúNRP¹¸…WLki÷骫sVLi ƒ«s NRPbPèµj…*ÇÁLiVW »R½¹¸…WM e »R½»][ ®µ…[ªyxqsV\lLiM xmsXxtísQM xmsX´R…lgôi[ª«saRPè»R½VLRiVøÅÁM ee 80
@ƒ«s¹¸…WLji*ÇÁLiVWNRPMryùúµR…ÑÁLRi*ú¾»½[¼½ r¡7ú‡Á„ds»`½ e ÇÁ¸R…W¸R…V úFyLôðji»][ LSÇÁxqs¥¦¦¦¸R…VxqsòQ*Li ˳ÏÁª«sxqs*ƒ«sM ee 81
\®µ…\¾»½QùM úFyx¤¦¦¦¸R…Vµj… ry*„dsVª¯[ ˳ÏÁªy„sV »R½»R½xqsòQ*ÌÁª±sV e ƒyxqsV\lLiM úxms¼½xmsƒ«sõLi »R½»R½öQû¼½xmsƒ«sõLi xqsV\lLixqsòµy ee 82
ry*„dsV ˳ÏÁxtsQ»R½* ª«sVryøNRPLi ‡ÁÌÁƒyaS¸R…V „sµj…*xtsQM e »R½»][ „sƒybP»yM xqslLi[* ¹¸…[Vª«s µ³yù ª«súÇÁFyßÓძsM ee 83
xmsoú»R½»R½* ª«sVgRiª«sV»R½VòxtísQxqsò}qsùLiúµR…M NRPLRiøßØ »R½»R½M e µR…¾»½[òQ*Liúµy¸R…V xmsoLS LSÇÁùLi ÇÁgSª«sV »R½xms}qs LRiÑÁM ee 84
A ¸R…VVµôðR… „sVLiúµR…V¬sNTP ú‡Á¥ý¦¦¦µR…V¬sNTP ÇÁLjigjiƒ«sµj…. @LiµyLiVVµôR…LjiÍÜ[ ƒ¯NRPä²R…V lgiÌÁVF~LiµR…²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. @ÈÁV\|ms¬s ®µ…[ªyxqsVLRiVÌÁV ¿RÁ»R½VLRiVøÅÁV ¬dsLiVVµôR…LjiÍÜ[ ®ƒsª«s*²R…V lgiÌÁV胫sƒ«s ƒy¸R…Vƒ«s LRiÑÁ ÇÁLiVVLixmsgRiÌÁ²R…¬s¹¸…V. @xmsöV²R…V \®µ…»R½VùÍØ»R½¬sLi µR…ª«sV xmsORPQª«sVVƒ«s ËÜ[LRiVª«sV¬s N][LjiLji. @»R½²R…V ƒ«sƒ«sVõ „dsVNRPV ú‡Á˳ÏÁVª«sogS ƒ«sLigkiNRPLjiLi»R½VlLi[¬s ¸R…VÛÉýÁ[}qs¸R…VVµR…V ƒ«s¬s¹¸…V. µy¬s NRPxqsVLRiVÌÁLigkiNRPLjiLiª«s\lLiLji. ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁLigkiNRPLjiLixms ƒ«s»R½²R…V ªyLji xmsORPQª«sVVƒ«sLi ÛÇÁ[Lji LiVVLiúµR…V¬s NRPÇÁ¸R…VVùQ\ÛÍÁƒ«s ¸R…W \®µ…»R½VùÌÁLi µyƒ«sV lgiÖÁ¿Áƒ«sV. @LiµR…VÌÁ NSƒ«sLiµj…LiÀÁ LiVVLiúµR…V ²R…»R½¬sNTP xmsoú»R½V ²R…LiVVƒ«sLi»R½ LRiÑÁ ¸R…W»R½¬sNTP LSÇÁù„sVÀÁè »R½xmsxqsV=ƒ«sNRPVLi ÇÁ®ƒsƒ«sV.
LRiÑÁxmso\¾»½QûxqsòµyÀ³Áƒ«sõLi ‡ÁÍØµj…LiúµR…xqsùQ\®ªs¸R…Vµy e ¸R…VÇìÁ˳ØgRiaRPè LSÇÁùLi¿RÁ »R½F¡‡ÁÌÁ gRiVߨ¬sõQQ\¾»½M ee 85
LSÇÁùú˳ÏÁxtísQxqsò»R½M aRPúN][ LRiÑÁxmsoú»R½¬s {ms²T…»R½M e úFyx¤¦¦¦ ªy¿RÁxqsö¼½Li µk…ƒ«sM {ms²T…»][7zqsø LRiÛÇÁ[M e xqsV\¾»½M ee 86
ƒ«s ¸R…VÇìÁ˳Øg][ LSÇÁùLi ®ªs[V {ms²T…»R½xqsù ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¾»½[ e LSÇÁùÍØË³Ø¸R…V®ªs[V ¸R…V»R½õLi „sµ³R…»R½=Q*µ³j…xtsQߨµ³j…xms ee 87
LRiÑÁ NRPVª«sWLRiVÌÁV »R½F¡‡ÁÌÁ xqsLixmsƒ«sVõQQ\ÛÍÁ aRPúNRPV ƒ¯[²T…LiÀÁ xqs*LæRi ryúª«sWÇÁùª«sVVƒ«sV ¸R…VÇìÁ˳ØgRiª«sVVƒ«sVgRiW²R… \lgiN]¬sLji. @Li»R½ÈÁ xqsVLRixms¼½ LSÇÁùú˳ÏÁxtísv\®²… µj…gRiVÌÁVxms²T… gRiVLRiV¬s»][ ®ƒs[ƒ«sV LRiÑÁ N]²R…VNRPVÌÁ ª«sÌÁ¬s {ms²R…NRPV gRiVLji\¹¸…V¼½¬s. LSÇÁùª«sW ÛÍÁ[µR…V. ¸R…VÇìÁ˳ØgRiª«sVVƒ«sV ÛÍÁ[µR…V, ¬dsª«so µj…xtsQߨµ³j…xms¼½¸R…VV (‡ÁVµôðj… NRPµ³j…ƒyµ³R…V²R…ª«so) NSª«soƒ«s ƒyNRPV LSÇÁùª«sVV ÌÁÕ³ÁLixms ¸R…V»R½õª«sVV }qs¸R…VVª«sV¬s N][lLiƒ«sV.
»R½»][ ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½M aRPúNRPª«sVNRPL][µ`… ‡ÁÌÁµR…Ljiö»R½ª±sV e úgRix¤¦¦¦aSLi¼½ „sµ³y®ƒs[ƒ«s F¢ztísQZNP[ƒ«s¿RÁ NRPLRiøßØ ee 88
gRi»y*´R… ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦¸R…Wª«sWxqs LRiÑÁxmsoú»yƒ±s ‡ÁXx¤¦¦¦xqsö¼½M e ÑÁƒ«s µ³R…LRiøLi xqsª«sWróy¸R…V ®ªs[µR…ËØx¤¦¦¦ùLi xqsµ³R…LRiø„s»`½ ee 89
®ªs[µR…ú»R½LiVV xmsLjiú˳ÏÁuíyMaRPèNSLRiµ³j…xtsQߨµ³j…xmsM e ®ªs[µR…ËØ¥¦¦¦ùƒ±s xmsLjiÇìØ¸R…V }¤¦¦¦»R½VªyµR… xqsª«sV¬s*»yƒ±s ee 90
@Li»R½ÈÁ xqsVLRigRiVLRiV úgRix¤¦¦¦aSLi¼½ F¢ztísQNRPLRiøÌÁLigS„sLiÀÁ ‡ÁÍØLji¬s (BLiúµR…V¬s) ‡ÁÌÁª«sLi»R½V¬sLi ÛÇÁ[|qsƒ«sV. @„dsVµR… ®µ…[ª«s gRiVLRiVª«so LRiÑÁ N]²R…VNRPVÌÁ µR…Lji ZNP[gji ®ªs[µR…ËØx¤¦¦¦ùQ\®ªsVƒ«s ÑÁƒ«sV¬s µ³R…LRiøª«sVV (\ÛÇÁƒ«sª«sV»R½ª«sVVƒ«sV) ƒ«sƒ«sVxqsLjiLiÀÁ LRiÑÁ N]²R…VNRPVÌÁLi F~LRi‡Á²R…Li ÛÇÁ[zqs ®ªs[µR…ú»R½LiVW µR…WLRiVÌÁ gS„sLi¿Áƒ«sV. @ÈýÁV ®ªs[µR…ú˳ÏÁxtísvÌÁV }¤¦¦¦»R½VªyµR…LRi»R½VÌÁV (NRPV»R½LRiäxmsLRiVÌÁV) \®ƒsLRi¬s ¾»½ÖÁzqs aRPúNRPV²R…V ª«súÇØ¸R…VVµ³R…ª«sVV¿Á[ ªyLjiƒ«sLiµR…Lji ƒ«s²R…¿Áƒ«sV.
ÇÁxmnsWƒ«s aRPúN][ ª«súÛÇÁ[ßá xqsLS*ƒ±s µ³R…LRiø ‡Áz¤¦¦¦xtsQäQX»yƒ±s e ƒ«sx¤¦¦¦§xtsQxqsù úxmsª«sOSQQù„sV xmsoú»yƒ±s xqs|m^s#òª«s µ³yLjiøNSƒ±s ee 91
¸R…V¼½LRiù¸R…W¼½ aRP+LSù¼½LRiV»R½òLRiM xmsLRiGª«s¿RÁ e @(A)¸R…V¼½ Lji*¸R…V¼½ \ZaPQQ誫s xqs|m^s#ò¾»½[ ª«sLiaRPª«sLóRiƒyM ee 92
¸R…V¼½M NRPVª«sWLRi˳خªs[7zms ¹¸…Wgji \®ªsÆØƒ«sr¡7˳ÏÁª«s»`½ e¸R…V¸R…W¼½LRiNRPL][ úµyÇÁùLi µ³R…\lLiQQøNRP aRPLRißáM xqsµy ee 93
aRPLjiøuîy »R½xqsù ˳ØLSù˳ÏÁWµ`… µR…Vz¤¦¦¦»y ª«sXxtsQxmsLRi*ßáM e ˳ØLæRiª«sryù»R½øÇØ\¿Áxms ®µ…[ª«s¸R…W¬ds¿RÁ xqsVúª«s»y ee 94
¸R…V¸R…W¾»½[M xmsLi¿RÁµy¸R…Wµy¸R…WLiryòƒ±s úxmsª«sOSQQù„sV ƒyª«sV»R½M e ®µ…[ª«s¸R…W¬ds ¸R…VµR…VLi xmsoú»R½Li»R½VLRi*xqsVLi¿yxmsXÒÁÇÁƒ«s»`½ ee 95
»R½´yúµR…Vx¤¦¦¦ùª«sVßáLi (ƒ«sVLi) xmspLRiVLi aRPLjiøuîy ÇÁƒ«s¸R…V»R½Vö»yƒ±s e ¸R…VµR…V, xmsoLRiVaRPè ˳ÏÁLRi»R½}qsòQ\®ªs ª«sLiaRP„sª«sLóRiƒy ee 96
BNRP ƒ«sx¤¦¦¦§xtsv¬s xqsLi»yƒ«sª«sVV µ³yLjiøNRPVÌÁV. ¸R…V¼½ ¸R…V¸R…W¼½ aRPLSù¼½ D»R½òLRiV²R…V xmsLRiV²R…V @¸R…V¼½ „s¸R…V¼½ ¸R…Vƒ«sVªylLi[²R…VgRiVLRiV ª«sLia][µôðyLRiNRPVÌÁV. ¸R…V¼½ ÀÁƒ«sõ»R½ƒ«sª«sVLi®µ…[ ¹¸…Wgji¸R…VV ®ªsÆØƒ«sxqsV²R…V (\®ªsxtñsQª«so²R…V) ƒ«s¹¸…Vùƒ«sV, ¸R…V¸R…W¼½ µ³R…\lLiQQøNRP¬sxtîsv\®²… LSÇÁùª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. A»R½¬s ˳ØLRiù aRPLjiøxtîsQ. A®ªsV xmsXxtsQxmsLRiV*¬s NRPW»R½VLRiV. A»R½¬s lLiLi²R…ª«s˳ØLRiù ®µ…[ª«s¸R…W¬s. aRPVúNS¿yLRiVùÌÁ NRPVª«sVlLiò xms¼½úª«s»R½. ¸R…V¸R…W¼½ xqsLi»yƒ«s\®ªsVµR…VgRiVLRiV. ®µ…[ª«s¸R…W¬s gRiƒ«sõªyLRiV ¸R…VµR…Vª«so »R½VLRi*xqsV²R…V ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. aRPLjiøxtîsQ gRiƒ«sõ N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV úµR…Vx¤¦¦¦§ù²R…V @ßáV²R…V xmspLRiVª«so ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. ¸R…VµR…Vª«so xmspLRiVª«so (˳ÏÁLRi»R½V²R…V) ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV ª«sLia][µôðyLRiNRPVÌÁV. ªyLji }msLRi®ƒs[ xmspLRiV ª«sLiaRPª«sVV ˳ÏÁLRi»R½ ª«sLiaRPª«sVV ƒ«sƒ«sV úxmszqsµôðj…gRiÖæÁƒ«sµR…ƒ«sõƒ«sWÈÁ.
xmsoL][LRi*LiaRPLi úxmsª«sOSQQù„sV ¸R…Vú»yÇØ»][7zqs FyLójiª«s e ¸R…Vµ][xqsVò ¸R…WµR…ªy ÇØ»y ¸R…Vú»R½»f ‡ÁÌÁ ZNP[aRPª_ ee 97
˳ØLSª«s »yLRiߨLóS¸R…V FyLi²R…ªyƒyLi z¤¦¦¦»y¸R…V¿RÁ e ¸R…Vµ][M xmsoú»y ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«saRPè xmsLi¿RÁ®µ…[ª«s xqsV»][xmsª«sWM ee 98
xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsÑÁ»R½ò´y ÛÇÁ[ùxtîsQM úN][uíy ¬dsÍÜ[LiÑÁN][LRixmnsVVM e xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsÑÁ»][ µy¸R…WµR…M aRP»R½ÑÁƒyõª«sV FyLójiª«sM ee 99
aRP»R½ÑÁ»R½aRPè µy¸R…WµyxqsòQû¸R…VM xmsLRiª«sVµ³yLjiøNSM e \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…VaRPè x¤¦¦¦¸R…V\ZaPQQ誫s »R½µ³y »yÌÁ x¤¦¦¦¸R…VaRPè¸R…VM ee 100
\|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…Vxqsù»R½V µy¸R…Wµ][ µ³R…LRiø®ƒs[ú»R½ úxms¼½úaRPV»R½M e µ³R…LRiø®ƒs[ú»R½xqsù NRPVLi¼½ƒ«sVò xqsLix¤¦¦¦»R½ xqsòxqsù¿y»R½øÇÁM ee 101
xqsLix¤¦¦¦»R½xqsù»R½V µy¸R…Wµ][ ª«sVz¤¦¦¦uyøƒyõª«sV FyLójiª«sM e A{qsƒ«søz¤¦¦¦xtsQø»R½M xmsoú»][ ˳ÏÁúµR…}qsƒ«sM úxms»yxmsªyƒ±s ee 102
ªyLSßáryùª«sV ˳ÏÁWúµyÇØ NRPµ³j…»R½M xmspLRi*®ªs[Vªyz¤¦¦¦ e ˳ÏÁúµR…}qsƒ«sxqsù xmsoú»R½xqsVò µR…VLôRi®ªsWƒyª«sV µ³yLjiøNRPM ee 103
µR…VLôRiª«sVxqsù xqsV»][ Õ³dÁ®ªsW µ³R…ƒ«sN][ƒyª«sV „dsLRiùªyƒ±s e µ³R…ƒ«sNRPxqsù xqsV»y¥¦¦¦ùxqsLiaRPè»y*L][ÍÜ[NRP „súaRPV»yM ee 104
NRPX»ygjiõM NRPX»R½„dsLRiùaRPè NRPX»R½µ³R…LSø »R½\®´…ª«s¿RÁ e NRPX»fÇØaRPè ¿RÁ»R½VLó][7˳ÏÁW»R½äQX»R½„dsLSù¿RÁèr¡7LêRiVƒ«sM ee 105
Õ³dÁxtsQø ! ¬dsª«soµR…LiVVLiÀÁƒ«s xmspLRiV ª«sLiaRPª«sVVLi ÛÇÁ|msöµR…. ¸R…VµR…Vª«soƒ«sNRPV ¸R…WµR…ª«soÌÁVµR…LiVVLiÀÁLji. A ª«sLiaRPª«sVLi®µ…[ ˳ÏÁW˳ØLRiª«sVV x¤¦¦¦LjiLixmsƒ«sV FyLi²R…ª«soÌÁNRPV z¤¦¦¦»R½ª«sVV }qs¸R…Vƒ«sV ‡ÁÌÁLSª«sVNRPXxtñsvÌÁVµR…LiVVLiÀÁLji.
¸R…WµR…ª«soƒ«s \ZNPµR…VgRiVLRiV ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV ÌÁV NRPVª«sWLRiVÌÁV gRiÖæÁLji. ªyLjiÍÜ[ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsÑÁ»R½Vò |msµôR…. úN][xtísQ ¬dsÌÁV²R…V @LiÑÁNRPV²R…V LRixmnsVVª«sƒ«sVªyLRiV »R½NTP䃫s ƒ«sÌæÁVLRiV. xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsÑÁ»R½Vò N]²R…VNRPV aRP»R½ÑÁ»R½Vò. aRP»R½ÑÁ»R½Vò N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV ª«sV¥¦¦¦µ³yLjiøNRPVÌÁV ª«sVVgæRiVLRiV \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…VV²R…V x¤¦¦¦¸R…VV²R…V »yÌÁx¤¦¦¦¸R…VV²R…V ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…VV¬s N]²R…VNRPV µ³R…LRiø®ƒs[ú»R½V²R…V. @»R½¬s N]²R…VNRPV NRPVLi¼½. ªy¬s ªy²R…V xqsLix¤¦¦¦»R½V²R…V, ªy¬s N]²R…VNRPV ª«sVz¤¦¦¦xtsQøLi»R½V²R…V. ªy¬s N]²R…VNRPV ˳ÏÁúµR…}qsƒ«sV²R…V úxms»yxmsaSÖÁ. B»R½²R…V ªyLRiߨbPNTP LSÇÁ¹¸…Vù ƒ«s¬s LiVWª«sLRiNRPV ®µ…ÖÁö¼½¬s. @»R½¬s N]²R…VNRPV µ³R…LRiøxmsLRiV²R…V µR…VLôRiª«sVV²R…ƒ«sVªy²R…V. µR…VLôRiª«sVV¬sNTP ˳ت«sVV²R…V µ³R…ƒ«sNRPV²R…V ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV µ³R…ƒ«sNRPV¬s N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV ƒ«sÌÁV*LRiV. ÇÁgRi»R½öQûzqsµôðR…VÌÁV NRPX»ygjiõ NRPX»R½„dsLRiV²R…V NRPX»R½µ³R…LRiVø²R…V NRPX»fÇÁÙ²R…Vƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. NRPX»R½„dsLRiVù¬s N]²R…VNRPV @LêRiVƒ«sV²R…V.
ÇØ»][ ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá xqsxmsòµk…*}msaRP*L][ ƒ«sXxmsM e ª«sL<S¸R…VV»R½Li »R½xms}qsò}ms µR…VaRPèLRiLi xmsX´j…„dsxms¼½M ee 106
µR…»R½òª«sWLSµ³R…¸R…Wª«sWxqs NSLRiò„dsL][ù7ú¼½ xqsLi˳ÏÁª«sª±sV e »R½\|qs#ø µR…»][ò ª«sLS ƒyöQûµy ¿RÁè»R½VLRiM xmsoLRiVu¡»R½òª«sVM ee 107
xmspLRi*Li ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi»R½V xqsª«sú®ªs[ LSÇÁxqs»R½òª«sVM e @µ³R…LRiøLi µ³yù¸R…Vª«sWƒ«sxqsù Õ³dÁ¼½aSèzms ¬sªyLRiß᪱sV ee 108
¸R…VV®µôð…[ƒ«s ª«sXµ³j…„dsLiÑÁ»y* µ³R…lLi[øßتyxmsùQ\®ªs ‡ÁÌÁª±sV e xqsLiúgS®ªs[V ª«sLRiòª«sWƒ«sxqsù ª«sµ³R…\ZaPQQèªyµ³j…NSµR…÷鮪s[»`½ ee 109
G¾»½[®ƒs[¸R…VLi ª«sxqsVª«sV¼d½ xqsxmsòµk…*Fyxqsxms»R½òƒy e xqsF¡òµR…µ³j… xmsLjiOTPQFyò OSQQú¾»½[ßá „sµ³j…ƒyÑÁ»y ee 110
ÇÁÛÇìÁ[ ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi¿RÁ B¿RÁèé»R½xqsòxqsùµ³k…ª«sV»R½M e xqslLi[*¸R…VÇìØ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ËØx¤¦Ü[ xqsòryùxqsƒ«sW÷éLji µR…OTPQߨM ee 111
xqslLi[*NSLi¿RÁƒ«s¸R…VWFyxqsò xqslLi[* NSLi¿RÁƒ«s ®ªs[µj…NSM e xqsLRi*®µ…[\®ªsaRPè xqsLiúFyFyò „sª«sWƒ«s|qó^sLRiÌÁLiNRPX\¾»½M ee 112
gRiLiµ³R…\lLiQQ*LRixms=L][Õ³ÁaRPè ¬s»R½ù®ªs[Vªyzms}qs„s»yM e ¸R…Vxqsù ¸R…VÛÇìÁ[ ÇÁg_gS´y gRiLiµ³R…L][* ƒyLRiµR…xqsò´y ee 113
NSLRiò„dsLRiùxqsù LSÇÁlL<i[LRiøz¤¦¦¦ª«sWƒ«sLi ¬sLkiORPQQùxqsM e ƒ«sª«sWƒ«sLi NSLRiò„dsLRiùxqsù gRi¼½Li ¸R…WxqsùLi¼½ FyLójiªyM ee 114
¸R…VÛÇì^ÁQLôSQ\®ƒsxqsòF¡Õ³ÁaRPè „súNRP®ªs[Vßá úaRPV¾»½[ƒ«s¿RÁ e xqsxmsòµk…*Fy ƒ«sƒ«sV¿RÁLRi®ƒs[*lgi[ƒ«s xmsª«sƒ¯[xmsª«sVM ee 115
xmsLi¿ybdP¼½ xqsx¤¦¦¦úryßÓá ª«sL<SߨLi¿RÁ ƒ«sLSµ³j…xmsM e xqsxmsòµk…*xms xmsXµ³j…ªyùaRPè ¿RÁúNRPª«sLkiò ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«sx¤¦¦¦ ee 116
ƒ«s Gª«s xmsaRPVFyÍÜ[7˳ÏÁW¾»<½[ú»R½FyÌÁM xqsGª«sz¤¦¦¦ e xqs Gª«s ª«sXuíyù ª«sLêRiƒ¯[ù ¹¸…Wgji»y*µR…LêRiVƒ¯[ 7˳ÏÁª«s»`½ ee 117
¹¸…W7r¢ ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßáÇØùxmnsW»R½ NRPhjiƒ«s»R½* ¿y e ˳ؼ½LRibPø xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá aSLRi®µ…[®ƒs[ª«s ˳ØxqsäLRiM ee 118
GxtsQƒyª«sV ª«sVƒ«sV}tsQùxtsv ª«sWz¤¦¦¦xtsQø»R½ùLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦µR…Vù¼½M e GxtsQ ®ªs[gRiLi xqsª«sVVúµR…xqs* úFyª«sXÉÞ NSÛÍÁ[ ˳ÏÁ##ÛÇÁ[»R½\®ªs ee 119
@»R½®²…[ NSLRiò„dsLSùLêRiVƒ«sV²R…V. ®ªs[LiVV ¿Á[»R½VÌÁ»][ ‡ÁVÉíÓÁƒy²R…V. xqsxmsòµk…*Fyµ³j…xms¼½ ¸R…V¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. xmsµj…®ªs[ÛÍÁ[Li²ýR…V µR…VaRPèLRi\®ªsVƒ«s »R½xmsª«sVV }qs|qsƒ«sV. @ú¼½ xmsoú»R½V¬s µR…»R½Vò¬s (µR…»yòú¾»½[¸R…VVÌÁƒ«sV) ALSµ³j…LiÀÁƒy²R…V. xmsoLRiVu¡»R½òª«sVV²R…gRiV µR…»R½òry*„sV ¸R…V»R½¬sNTP ƒyÌæÁVª«sLRiª«sVV ÌÁƒ«sVúgRiz¤¦¦¦Li¿Áƒ«sV. ®ªsVVµR…ÉÓÁ µR…»R½²R…VN][Ljiƒ«s ‡Áx¤¦¦¦§xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsª«sVV. »R½ÌÁÀÁƒ«sLi»R½ÈÁ ƒ«sµ³R…LRiøª«sVV g][¿RÁLjiLi¿RÁVÈÁ. xqsLRi* ˳ÏÁ¸R…V ¬sªyLRiß᪫sVV, ¸R…VVµôðR…ª«sVV¿Á[ ƒ«sª«s¬sLi lgiÖÁè µ³R…LRiøª«sVV¿Á[ ‡ÁÌÁª«sVVª«s²R…¸R…VVÈÁ. ¸R…VVµóR…ª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V xqsLS*µ³j…NRPV¬s ¿Á[¼½ÍÜ[ ª«sV²T… ¸R…VVÈÁ ¸R…Vƒ«sVƒ«s„s ƒyÌæÁV. B»R½²R…V xqsxmsòµk…*xms xqsxmsòxqsª«sVVúµR… xqsxms»R½òƒ«s\®ªsVƒ«s ª«sxqsVª«sV¼½®ƒsÌýÁ lgiÖÁèƒy²R…V. N][Ljiƒ«sxmso ²y»R½¬sNTP ®ªs[LiVV ¿Á[»R½VÌÁV xqsVöéLjiLi¿RÁV¿RÁVLi®²…ƒ«sV. ˳ÏÁWLjiµR…OTPQß᪫sVVÌÁ¿ÁÌýÁ ¸R…VÇìÁª«sVVÌÁV }qs|qsƒ«sV. @„s¸R…V¬sõ¸R…VV ‡ÁLigSLRiV ¸R…VWxmsª«sVVÌÁV. ‡ÁLigSLRiV ®ªs[µj…NRPÌÁV gRiÌÁ„s. @ÌÁLiNRPX»R½V\ÛÍÁ ®µ…[ª«s»R½ÌÁV „sª«sWƒ«sª«sVVÌÁ „dsVµR… ƒ«s»R½¬s ¸R…VÇìÁª«sVVÌÁNRPV x¤¦¦¦„sLS÷égRiª«sVVÌÁLiµj…N]ƒ«sª«sÀÁèLji. A ¸R…VÇìÁ xqsµR…xqsV=ƒ«sLiµR…V ¬sLRiLi»R½LRiª«sVV gRiLiµ³R…LRiV*ÌÁV xqsLigki»R½ª«sVVÌÁV Fy²T…Lji. @xms=LSLigSƒ«s ÍØ²T…Lji. ƒyLRiµR…V²R…V gRiLiµ³R…LRiV*Q\®²… ¸R…W»R½¬s ¸R…VÇìÁª«sVVÌÁLigRi¬s LSÇÁL<jiQ\¹¸…Vƒ«s NSLRiò„dsLRiVù¬s úxms˳ت«sª«sVVLi gRi¬s ¸R…W gS´R…ÌÁƒ«sV gSƒ«sª«sVV}qs|qsƒ«sV. GLSÇÁÙÌÁVgRiW²R… NSLRiò„dsLRiVù¬sNTP ª«sÀÁ胫s xqsµæR…¼½ ƒ«sLiµR…VN][ÛÍÁ[LRiV.
úNUP²R…¾»½[ xqs*xqsVÆØ\¹¸…Vª«s úxms¼½úr¡»][ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦xms¼½M e ÌÁÌÁƒyM úNUP²T…»y}qsòƒ«s úxms¼½‡Áµôð][Ljiø ª«sWÖÁ¬ds ee 120
ELjiø ˳ÏÁXNRPVÉÓÁ ª«sWÍØry aRPLiNTP»yÛ˳Á[ù¼½ ƒ«sLRiøµy e GxtsQ Gª«s ª«sVƒ¯[LRi*LiZaP[ »R½*ª«sgS}¤¦¦¦ ƒ«sø¥¦¦¦LñRiª«sª±sV ee 121
NRPlLi[ßãÜ[ µ³R…X»R½ù ®ªs[gRiLi»R½V NS„sV¬ds ú{msßᮃs[ƒ«s»R½V e »R½xqsù ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦ú}qsßá O][Q˳ÏÁùª«sWâßá[ ª«sVx¤¦Ü[µR…µ³_ ee 122
˳ÏÁª«sLi¼½ ÖdÁƒy ¬sZaP[èu<yM Fy»yÌÁróy ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqsVLSM e »R½µR…WLRiVO][Q˳ÏÁ ¿RÁNTP»y @ª«sV÷é»][»yöµR…aRPLiNTP»yM ee 123
¸R…VÇìÁª«sVVÌÁV µyƒ«sª«sVVÌÁV »R½xmsxqsV= xmsLSúNRPª«sVª«sVV»][ ªy¸R…VVª«soª«sÛÍÁ xqsxmsòµk…*xmsª«sVVÌÁ ƒ«sƒ«sV¿RÁLjiLi¿Áƒ«sV. Fsƒ«sV‡Áµj…\¹¸…VµR…V ®ªs[ÌÁ xqsLiª«s»R½=LRiª«sVV ÌÁ»R½²R…V xqsxmsòµk…*xms ª«sxqsVLiµ³R…LRiNRPV ÇÁúNRPª«sLjiò ¸R…V¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. ¹¸…Wgji gSª«soƒ«s ƒ«s»R½®²…[ xmsaRPVFyÌÁNRPV²R…V ƒ«s»R½®²…[ ZOP[QQú»R½ FyÌÁNRPV²R…V (F~ÌÁª«sVVNSxmso) @»R½®²…[. ª«sL<Riª«sVV NRPVLjizmsLi¿RÁVÈÁÍÜ[ ª«sLêRiƒ«sVù²R…V (BLiúµR…V²R…V) ƒ«s¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. „sLiÉÓÁƒyLji ®µ…‡Á÷ÌÁNRPV gRiÉíÓÁ ª«s²T…ƒ«s ª«sVVLiÛÇÁ[»R½VÌÁ»][ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs NRPLRiª«sVVÌÁ»][ (®ªs[LiVVNTPLRiß᪫sVVÌÁ»][) ƒ«s»R½²R…V aRPLRi»yäÌÁª«sVLiµR…V ˳ØxqsäLRiV²R…ÈýÁV µk…zmsLi¿Áƒ«sV. ª«sWz¤¦¦¦xtsQø¼d½ ƒ«sgRiLRiª«sVVƒ«s ª«sVƒ«sVxtsvùÌÁÍÜ[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦ ¾»½[ÇÁzqs*¸R…Vƒ«sõ ¬s»R½®²…[. ª«sL<Ri‡ÁVV»R½Vª«sLi µk…»R½²R…V xqsª«sVVúµR…®ªs[gRiª«sVVLi ËÜLiµR…Vƒ«sV. »R½ƒ«s ¸R…Wƒ«sLiµR…ª«sVVƒ«sZNP[ ¸R…VLi®µ…µR…VLkiµR…V¿RÁV ƒy²R…VN]ƒ«sVƒ«sV. ryLRiLigRi »R½LRiLigRi ®ªs[gRiª«sVVLi µR…ƒ«s ®ªs[LiVV ËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«soÌÁ ƒ«s²ïT… ÌÁÌÁƒyª«sVßáVÌÁLi ÇÁÌÁúNUP²R…ÍØ²T…Li¿RÁVƒ«sV. ZNPLRiÈÁª«sVVÌÁƒ«sV NRPƒ«sVËܪ«sVÌÁª«sVV²T…g]¬s ƒ«sLRiøµyƒ«sµj… zqsgæRiV¿Á[»R½LiËÜ[ÛÍÁ aRPLiNTPLi¿RÁV¿RÁV ƒ«sÌýÁƒ«sÌýÁƒ«s ƒy»R½¬s µR…LjiNTP ª«s¿RÁV胫sV. ª«sVƒ«sV ª«sLiaRPª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V (ª«sWƒ«sª«soÌÁLiµR…ƒ«sõª«sWÈÁ) B»R½²]NRP䮲…[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqsª«sVVúµR…ª«sVV ÍÜ[»R½VÌÁNRPV µj…gjiƒ«sªy²R…V. NS„sV¬ds ª«sVßáVÌÁ ª«sVV¿RÁèÈÁLigRiWLRiVö ®ªs[LiVVËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«soÌÁ¿Á[xqsª«sVVúµR…®ªs[gRiª«sVV ª«sVLjiNRPÉíÓÁƒ«sLi»R½ ª«sVx¤¦Ü[µR…µ³j… xqsLiO][Q˳ÏÁª«sVLiµj… Fy»yÎÏÁª«sVLiµR…Vƒ«sõ ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqsVLRiV ÌÁ²R…ÖÁF¡LiVV ¬sZaP[èxtísv\ÛÍÁ µygjiF¡ª«soµR…VLRiV. A»R½¬s »]²R…ÌÁ »yNTP²T…NTP NRP²R…ÖÁ @ª«sVX»R½ª«sVV xmsoÈíÁV¿RÁVƒ«sõµj… NSËÜ[ÌÁVƒ«s¬s ª«sV¥¦¦¦xqsLRiöª«sVVÌÁV xms²R…gRiÌÁÛÉíÁ NRPµR…ÌÁNRPVLi²R… ª«sLigji ¬sÌÁ‡Á²T…F¡ª«soƒ«sV. ®ªs[VÉÓÁ „sÍØä ²T…»R½²]NRP䮲…[ LSª«sßáV¬s\|ms ®ƒsµj…Lji ¸R…Vª«sVVøÌÁ „szqsLjiƒy²R…V.
ƒ«s»y ¬saRPèÌÁ ª«sVWLóSƒ¯[ ˳ÏÁª«sLi¼½ ¿RÁ ª«sVx¤¦Ü[LRigSM e GxtsQµ³R…¬ds*¿RÁÀÁZOP[Qxms LSª«sßáLi úxms¼½ry¸R…VNSƒ±s ee 124
GxtsQµ³R…¬ds* µ³R…ƒ«sVLæRiQXx¤¦¦¦ù D¼½=QQNRPòLi xmsLi¿RÁÕ³ÁM aRP##\lLiM e ÌÁLiZNP[aRPLi ®ªsWx¤¦¦¦LiVV»y*»R½V xqs‡ÁÌÁLi LSª«sßáLi ‡ÁÍØ»`½ ee 125
¬sLíji»R½ù ‡Áµôðy»y*¬ds¸R…V ª«sWz¤¦¦¦xtsQø»yùLi‡Á‡ÁLiµ³R…»R½ª±sV e »R½»][gRi»][7x¤¦¦¦Li »R½ryùúlgi[ @LêRiVƒ«sLi xqsLiúxmsryµR…¸R…Vƒ±s ee 126
ª«sVV®ªsW¿RÁ LSÇÁƒ±s F¢ú»R½Li ®ªs[VxqsÅÁùLi NRPX»y*¿RÁ FyLójiª«s e »R½xqsù ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsxqsù ‡Á˳ÏÁWª«s ÇØù»R½ÌÁxqs*ƒ«sM ee 127
¸R…VVgSLi»ylgi[õM úxmsª«sX»R½òxqsù ¸R…V´yÇØù»R½ÌÁ¬sMxqs*ƒ«s e @x¤¦Ü[‡ÁÌÁLi „s®µ³…[Lki*LRiùLi ˳ØLæRiª«sM ƒ«s¸R…VµyÀÁè郫s»`½ ee 128
ª«sVX®µ³…[ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi ËØx¤¦¦¦¨ƒyLi }¤¦¦¦ª«sV»yÌÁª«sƒ«sLi ¸R…V´y e ¸R…VLi ª«szqsxtîsQxqsVò xqsLiNRPXµó][x¤¦¦¦ùLêRiVƒ«sLi aRPxmsòªy¬s*˳ÏÁVM ee 129
¸R…VryøµR…*ƒ«sLi úxmsµR…gôðRiLi¾»½[ „súaRPV»R½Li ª«sVª«sV \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…V e »R½ryø¾»½[ò µR…VxtsQäQX»R½Li NRPLRiøNRPX»R½ª«sVƒ¯[ùx¤¦¦¦¬sxtsQù¼½ ee 130
ÀÁèé»y* ËØx¤¦¦¦§ xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsLi¾»½[ úxmsª«sVµ³R…ù»R½LRiry ‡ÁÖdÁ e »R½xms{qs* úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáryòQ*LiQ\®ªs ª«sµ³j…xtsQù¼½ xqs ˳ØLæRiª«sM ee 131
ª«sV¥¦¦¦µ³yƒ«sVxtsvä ²R…»R½®²…[. µ³R…ƒ«sVxqsV= ®ƒsNTPä²T… xmsLi¿RÁËØß᪫sVVÌÁ µ]²T…gji ÌÁLiNSµ³j…xms¼½¬s ®ªsWz¤¦¦¦LixmsÛÇÁ[zqsƒ«sªy²R…V. ª«sVƒ«sø´R… F¡ÖÁNRP LiVVÈÁ µ³R…*¬sLixms‡Á²T…ƒ«sµj…. ªy¬s ‡ÁÌÁgRiª«sVV»][ ‡ÁÖÁ„sV\¹¸…V ƒ¯[²T…LiÀÁN]¬sª«sÀÁè ª«sVz¤¦¦¦xtsQø¼d½ ƒ«sgRiLRiª«sVLiµR…V ‡ÁLiµ³j…Li¿Áƒ«sV. G ƒy»R½¬s ª«sVVLiµR…V ¬sÖÁÀÁ NSLRiò„dsLSùLêRiVƒ«sLi ú‡Á¼½ª«sWÌÁVN]ƒ«sõ ƒy F¢ú»R½V¬s (ª«sVƒ«sVª«sV¬s) ¿ÁÖÁ„sV ªyÉÓÁLiÀÁ ª«sµR…ÖÁ|msÉíÓÁƒy²R…V. @»R½¬s ®ªs[LiVV ËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«soÌÁ „sLiÉÓÁƒyLji ¿RÁxmsöV²R…V úª«sÎÏÁ¸R…VNSÌÁgjiõ ÇØ»R½ÍØxmnsW»R½ª«sVÈýÁ¼½ ˳ÏÁ¸R…VLiNRPLRiª«sV¹¸…Vùƒ«sV. A¥¦¦¦ ! \®µ…ª«s‡ÁÌÁ ®ªsVLi»R½ g]xmsöµj…? CÍØÉÓÁ „ds¬s¬s ˳ØLæRiª«so²R…V xmsLRiaRPVLSª«sVV²R…V ¸R…VVµôðR…ª«sVVƒ«sLiµR…V „ds¬s xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqs ËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«soÌÁƒ«sV F~LigSLRiV »y²T…¿ÁÈýÁ ª«sƒ«sª«sVV ƒ«sÈýÁV ƒ«sLRiNTPFyLRi®ªs[zqsƒy²R…V. BLiµR…VÌÁNRPV NSLRiß᪫sVV ª«sVVƒ«sVõ ª«szqsxtîsQª«sVx¤¦¦¦L<ji „sVNTPäÖÁ N][xmsª«sVVLig]¬s JLki ! \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…V ! ƒy »R½F¡Ë³ÏÁW„sVgRiÌÁ ú‡ÁzqsµôðR…\®ªsVƒ«s LiVW ƒy ª«sƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sV gSÖÁè Fyxmsª«sVV}qszqsƒyª«so NSª«soƒ«s µy¬sNTP úxms¼½úNTP¸R…VgS ¬ds ®ªs[LiVV ¿Á[»R½VÌÁV ƒ«sLRiNTP »R½xmszqs* úËØx¤¦¦¦øßáV²R…V\®ƒsƒ«s ¸R…V»R½²R…V ˳ØLæRiª«so²R…V xmsLRiaRPVLSª«sVVƒ«sV ¬sƒ«sVõ x¤¦¦¦»R½ª«sWLRiègRiÌÁ²R…V F~ª«sVø®ƒsƒ«sV. ÇìØ¬s @ª«sVVø¬s aSxmsª«sVV¿Á[ ˳ØLæRiª«sLSª«sVV²R…V ªy¬s x¤¦¦¦Li»R½NRPV²R…¹¸…Vùƒ«sV.
»R½xqsùLS®ªsW7´R… x¤¦¦¦Li»y{qsƒ«sVø¬s aS}msƒ«s µ³k…ª«sV»R½M e »R½xqsù xmsoú»R½aRP»R½Li »y*{qs»R½öLi¿RÁ »R½ú»R½ ª«sV¥¦¦¦LRi´yM ee 132
NRPX»yryòQû ‡ÁÖÁƒ«sM aRPWLSµ³R…LSø»yøƒ¯[ ª«sV¥¦¦¦‡ÁÌÁ e aRPWLRi}qsƒ«saRPè aRPWLRiaRPè µ³R…Xuí¡\®ªsNRPXxtñsQ Gª«s¿RÁ ee 133
ÇÁ¸R…VµôðR…*ÇÁM xqs\®ªsNRPLSò @ª«s®ƒs[òaRPèLRiry xms¼½M e ÇÁ¸R…Vµ³R…*ÇÁxqsù xmsoú»R½xqsVò »yÌÁÇÁLi|mnsW ª«sV¥¦¦¦‡ÁÌÁM ee 134
»R½xqsùxmsoú»y aRP+»y®ƒs[ª«s »yÌÁÇÁLixmnsW B¼½xqsøQX»yM e ¾»½[uyLi xmsLi¿RÁNRPVÍØƒyùxqsƒ±s \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…WƒyLi ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½øƒyª±sV ee 135
„ds¼½ x¤¦Ü[ú»yaRPè xqsLiÇØ»y ˳Ü[ÇØaS誫sLi»R½¸R…Vxqsò´y e »R½VLi²R… N][LSaRPè „súNSLi»y ryòÌÁÇÁLixmnsWM úxmsNUPLjiò»yM ee 136
„ds¼½x¤¦Ü[ú»R½ xqsV»R½aSèzms @ƒ«sLi»][ ƒyª«sV „dsLRiùªyƒ±s e µR…VLêRi¸R…Vxqsòxqsù xmsoú»R½xqsVò ‡Á˳ÏÁWªy „sVú»R½ NRPL<RißáM ee 136
xqsµy÷鮪s[ƒ«s ª«sV¥¦¦¦LSÇÁM úxmsÇØµ³R…lLi[øßá FyÌÁ¸R…Vƒ±s e NSLRiò„dsLSùLêRiVƒ¯[ ƒyª«sV LSÇØ ËØx¤¦¦¦§xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsµ³R…X»`½ ee 138
¹¸…[Vƒ«s rygRiLRi xmsLRiùLi»y µ³R…ƒ«sVuy¬sLêji»y ª«sV{¤¦¦¦ e ¸R…Vxqsòxqsù NUPLRiò¹¸…[Vƒyõª«sV NRPÌÁù ª«sVV»óy¸R…V ª«sWƒ«sª«sM ee 139
xqs »R½xqsù „s»R½òƒyaRPMryù ƒ«sxtísQLi¿RÁ ÌÁ˳ÏÁ##¾»½[ xmsoƒ«sM e NSLRiò„dsLRiùxqsù ¹¸…W ÇÁƒ«sø NRP´R…¹¸…[Vµj…x¤¦¦¦ µ³k…ª«sV»R½M e
¸R…V´y ¸R…Vuíy ¸R…V´y µy»y xqs*LæRiÍÜ[ZNP[ ª«sV{¤¦¦¦¸R…V¾»½[ ee 140
B¼½ $ xmsµR…øxmsoLSâßá[ úxms´R…®ªs[V xqsXztísQÅÁLi®²…[
¸R…VµR…Vª«sLiaRP NUPLRiòƒ«sLi ƒyª«sV µy*µR…a][7µ³yù¸R…VM
@¸R…VùLêRiVƒ«sV¬sNTP ƒ«sWLæRiVLRiV xmsoú»R½VÌÁV gRiÖæÁLji. @Li\®µ…µR…VgRiVLRiV ª«sV¥¦¦¦LRi´R…VÌÁV. @xqsòQûNRPVaRPÌÁVLRiV. ‡ÁÌÁª«sLi»R½VÌÁV aRPWLRiVÌÁV ª«sV¥¦¦¦ƒ«sV˳ت«soÌÁV. ªyLRiV aRPWLRi}qsƒ«sV²R…V aRPWLRiV²R…V µ³R…÷éxtsv²R…V NRPXxtñsv²R…V ÇÁ¸R…Vµ³R…*ÇÁÙ²R…V ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. ÇÁ¸R…Vµ³R…*ÇÁÙ²R…V @ª«s¬dsò ƒ«sgRiLRi ¬sLSø»R½. LRiryxms¼½ (˳ÏÁWxms¼½) ªy¬s N]²R…VNRPVÌÁV ƒ«sWLæRiVLRiV. »yÎÏÁÇÁLixmnsVÌÁƒ«sVªyLRiV. ª«sV¥¦¦¦»R½VøQ\ÛÍÁƒ«s ¸R…W \|¤¦¦¦x¤¦¦¦¸R…VVÌÁ NRPVÌÁª«sVVÌÁV (NRPVÈÁVLi‡Áª«sVVÌÁV) HµR…V xqsVúxmszqsµôðR…ª«sVVÌÁV_ªyLji úxms¾»½[ùNRP ƒyª«sVª«sVVÌÁV „ds¼½x¤¦Ü[ú»R½VÌÁV ˳Ü[ÇÁÙÌÁV @ª«sLi»R½VÌÁV »R½VLi²R…N]LRiVÌÁV »yÎÏÁÇÁLixmnsVVÌÁV ƒ«sƒ«sVªyLRiV. „ds¼½x¤¦Ü[ú»R½V¬s NRPVª«sWLRiV²R…V @ƒ«sLi»R½V²R…V ‡ÁÌÁaSÖÁ. ªy¬s N]²R…VNRPV µR…VLêRi¸R…VV²R…V aRPú»R½V xqsLix¤¦¦¦LRiò. NSLRiò„dsLSùLêRiVƒ«s ¿RÁúNRPª«sLjiò xqsx¤¦¦¦úxqsËØx¤¦¦¦§ª«so xqsµy÷骫sª«sVV»][ µ³R…LRiøª«sVV»][ ú‡ÁÇÁÌÁLi ËØÖÁLi¿RÁV¿RÁV xqsª«sVVúµR…xmsLRiùLi»R½ \®ªsVƒ«s ª«sxqsVª«sV¼½Li ƒ¯NRPä µ³R…ƒ«sVª«soƒ«sLi lgiÛÍÁ胫sV. @»R½¬s xmsoßáùƒyª«sVª«sVV ®ƒsª«s*²R…V ®ªs[NRPVª«sƒ«sV ÛÍÁ[ÀÁ NUPLjiòLi¿RÁVƒ¯[ ªy¬sNTP µ³R…ƒ«s¥¦¦¦¬s ¹¸…Vƒ«sõ²R…V ƒ«sVLi²R…µR…V F¡LiVVƒ«s µ³R…ƒ«sª«sVVƒ«sVLi µj…Ljigji F~LiµR…Vƒ«sV. ÇìØ¬s¸R…VgRiV NSLRiò„dsLRiVù¬s ÇÁƒ«sø¿RÁLjiú»R½ „sVµj… ¹¸…Vª«s*²R…V ª«sLñjiLi¿RÁVƒ¯[ ¸R…V»R½²R…V ¸R…WÑÁNRPV²R…ÈýÁV (¸R…VÇîÁª«sVV }qszqsƒ«sªy¬s¸R…VÈýÁV) µy»R½¸R…VÈýÁV xqs*LæRiÍÜ[NRPª«sVVƒ«s LSÑÁÌýÁVƒ«sV.
Bµj… ""¸R…VµR…Vª«sLiaRP ª«sLñRiƒ«s'' ª«sVƒ«sV xmsLiú®²…Li²R…ª«s ¸R…Vµ³yù¸R…Vª«sVV.
Sri Padma Mahapuranam-I
Chapters